Infinitive.ppt

1、Infinitive,Sentence structure,主语、 谓语、 宾语、 表语、 定语、 状语、 同位语、 插入语、 呼语。,Subject， predicate, object, predicative, attribute, adverbial, appositive, parenthesis, vocative,What are they?,1. 我们的目标是让学生讲的话能被人听懂。 Our aim is to make the students speech comprehensible. 2. 重要的是不要冤枉任何人。 The important thing is not

2、to wrong any person. Predicative,What are they?,1. 首先，天太冷；再者，我们也没有钱。 To begin with, its too cold. Besides, weve no money. 2. 他很大方，给你这么多钱。 He was generous to give you so much money. 3. 我很惭愧不得不麻烦你。 Im ashamed to have to trouble you. Adverbial,What are they?,1. 这将是应遵循的正当程序。 That will be the right proce

3、dure to follow. That will be the right procedure that you should follow. 2. 他答不出问题使警察产生怀疑。 His failure to answer questions made the police suspicious. Attribute,What are they?,1. 我们住不起五星级酒店。 We cant afford to stay at a five-star hotel. 2. 她不知道该向左拐还是向右拐。 She wondered whether to turn left or right. Ob

4、ject,What are they?,1. 骗你的朋友是可耻的。 To deceive your friends is a shame. Its a shame to deceive your friends. 2. 要真正掌握一种语言需要花很长时间。 To really master a language would take ages. It would take ages to really master a language. Subject,Bare Infinitive,1. 助动词之后 You must do as youre told. Have you got to the

5、 dentists today? *边际情态助动词（marginal modal auxiliary) We neednt stay this evening. We dont need to stay this evening. I darent go there. Does he dare (to) go?,Bare Infinitive,2.情态成语（Modal idiom) A. 我宁愿早饭不吃鸡蛋和熏肉。 Id rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast. B. 我宁愿呆在家里。 Id sooner stay at home. C. 我宁

6、愿自己做。 I would as soon do it by myself.,Bare Infinitive,2.情态成语（Modal idiom) D. 既然天气好，我们不妨散散步吧。 Since its a fine day we might as well walk. E. 听到这个悲伤的消息，我们禁不止痛哭起来。 We could not but weep at the sad news. F. 你不能不尊敬他们。 You cant help but respect them.,Bare Infinitive,3. rather than/ sooner than A. 他宁可离开而不

7、引起麻烦。 Rather than cause trouble, he left. B. 她宁可当女招待为生也不愿嫁给那个男人。 Sooner than marry that man, she would ear her living as a waitress.,Bare Infinitive,4. 固定搭配 A. 我们就假装我们有一百万美元。 Lets make believe we have a million dollars. B. 没时间吃午餐，我们将就吃了些三明治。 We hadnt time for luncheon, but we made do with sandwiches

8、. C. 他有意无意暗示了他的目的。 He let fall/drop a hint of his intentions.,Bare Infinitive,4. 固定搭配 D. 我听说过他。 Ive heard tell of him. Let fly at发出，射出；let slip 无意说出；let go of 放开，放手,Bare Infinitive,5. “使役动词+宾语”之后(let, make, have) A. we cant let this go on. B. I will not let my children be treated in that way. He won

9、t have us criticize his work. *passive John made her tell him everything. She was made to tell him everything.,Bare Infinitive,6. “感官动词+宾语”之后 See, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch *Passive They saw him enter the building. He was seen to enter the building.,Bare Infinitive,7. have known（看过，听过） 之后 我

10、从没见过那个人笑过。 I have never known (seen) that man smile. *That man has never been known to smile. 你听他说过谎吗？ Have you ever known (heard) him tell a lie?,Bare Infinitive,8. Help (to) Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?,Bare Infinitive,9. except/but之后 They did nothing except work. Theres no choice but wait

11、.,Bare Infinitive,10. SVC句型中，主语有do A. 他要做的就是把整个事情搞砸。 What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing. 你现在要做的就是把表格填了。 All you do now is (to) complete the form. 现在我能做的就是自己坚持。 The only thing I can do now is (to) go on by myself.,Bare Infinitive,11. why/ why not之后(rhetorical question) 为什么要和他争论? Why argue

12、with him? *Why do you argue with him? Why not give Mary some flowers? *Why dont you give Mary some flowers?,Bare Infinitive,12. Informal conversation A. Go, come, try之后 Go post a letter for me. Come look. Try eat a little. B. 带感情色彩（emotional coloring) Him (to) ask her for help!,Forms of Infinitive,F

13、orms of Infinitive,1. 选举定于十一月举行。 The election was due to be held in November. 2. 被颁给奖学金是一种荣耀。 Its an honor to be awarded a scholarship.,Forms of Infinitive,一般完成时态I lose. I have lost. 不定式的完成式to lose to have lost. 她似乎已经失去耐心。 She seems to have lost her patience.,Forms of Infinitive,他很幸运没受伤。 It was his good fortune not to have been injured.,Forms of Infinitive,把你的时间这样浪费掉真不好意思。 What a shame to be wasting your time