9.26-Transition-to-the-Modern-Age课件

1、,outline,1 Transition to the Modern Age 2 The English Reformation 3 Elizabeth I 4 The English Renaissance 5 James I and parliament 6 Charles I and parliament 7 The Civil Wars 8 The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution of 1688,1 Transition to the Modern Age,Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)：指金雀花家族的两支派

2、，即开斯特和纽克之间发生的内战，两支派分别以红，白玫瑰为其标记。 1 The wars began when Richard, Duke of York , claimed the protector ship of the crown after Henry s mental breakdown, and ended with Henry Tudors ( Henry ) defeat of Richard at Bosworth. After the victory ,Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the Houses of Lancas

3、ter and York and putting the country under the rule of Tudors. Five Tudor monarchs: ( Henry, Henry, Edward, Mary Tudor and Elizabeth) 2 significance ( influence ) of the war? ( 封建制度遭到致命打击， 国王权利至高无上） From these wars feudalism received its death blow and the kings power became supreme.,2 The English R

4、eformation-Henry,1 In administration 2 in foreign affairs 3 in church: papacy (罗马教皇权）；Catherine of Aragon( the mother of Mary ) and Anne Boleyn ( the mother of Elizabeth ） 4 Edward , Mary, Elizabeth 5 Mary ( a devout Catholic) also called “Bloody Mary” Reason: she persecuted people for their Protest

5、ant religious views and at least 300 Protestants were burnt as heretics. 6 Elizabeth (A protestant）,1 宗教改革的原因：P111 1 改革教会的渴望，马丁路德成功的鼓舞，时机已到 2人们痛恨教职人员的威望和财富 3 对金钱的需求 2改革的三大影响 1.强调君主的权利 2.议会的重要性 3打击教皇的权利，鼓舞人们从天主教转向新教,3 Elizabeth （1558-1603）,1 puritan，reigned for 45y, remain single , an age of glory 2

6、Elizabeth and Parliament 3 Religious reform 4 Elizabeths Foreign Policy,James , 苏格兰王， 1603年伊利沙白一世去世后继位，成为詹姆斯一世 英格兰国王。1371-1603 统治苏格兰， 1603-1714 统治苏格兰和英格兰，建立Stuarts 斯图亚特王朝，,4The English Renaissance,1 between the Middle Ages and modern times,( 1350-1650 ) 2. five characteristics 1,English culture was

7、revitalized 2, England followed a course of social and political history quite independent of the course of history elsewhere in Europe. 3 owing to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer, the native literature was very vigorous. 4 English Renaissance literature is primarily artistic, rath

8、er than philosophical and scholarly. 5 The Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.,Two Main Dynasties,Henry,James,James ,Tutor Dynasty(1485-1603),House of Stuart（1603-1714）,5 James and Parliament,1 The Gunpowder Plot (火药阴谋案） a conspiracy by Catholics to blow up the English Houses of P

9、arliament. It failed when Guy Fawkes, who placed the explosives, was arrested on November 5,1605. 2 A new translation to Bible 3Pilgrim father, Mayflower 4 the Divine Right of Kings( 君权神授）， 1625去世，留下查尔斯一世继位,6 Charles and Parliament,1 like his father, “ The Divine Rights of Kings” 2 encourage “ Armin

10、ianism” 3puritanism 4 call for the third parliament in 1628, petition of Right）（权利请愿书）, regarded as the second Magna Carter( 大宪章） 5 the long Parliament , Grand Remonstrance(大抗议书）,7 The Civil Wars,1 the First Civil War (1642-1646): the wars between the Kings army and the parliament army. Cavaliers: 骑

11、士派，支持国王者，保皇党人 Roundheads: 圆颅派，支持议会者 Oliver Cromwell: 克伦威尔（load protector） Fairfax : 费尔法克斯，英国议会将军 Prince Rupert, the kings nephew , lost to Oliver Cromwells “ Ironsides”(铁甲军）in1644. 1645， Fairfax and Cromwell destroyed the Royalist army at Naseby.,The second Civil War(1647-1649) in 1647, Charles esca

12、ped and induced the Scots to invade England, but was defeated by Cromwell . He was caught and executed in 1649. His son marched into England ,was defeated in 1651, and later escaped to France.,Questions:,1 why the English Civil War also called the Puritan Revolution? ( 3 points) P118 2 the significa

13、nce of the English Civil War?,Charles -the Civil War(1642-1651),Charles (loser) VS Parliament (winner),Royalists (Cavaliers 保王党) gentry, big landlords and monopolists.(贵族，大地主，垄断者),Parliamentarians (Roundhead圆颅党 ) Merchants, artisans, apprentices and peasants. (商人，工匠，学徒，农民),Results of the English Civ

14、il War:,1.The King Charles army was defeated.,2.Charles was beheaded.,3.The monarchy was abolished in 1649 and England was declared to be a commonwealth.,4.With the declaration of the Commonwealth. Oliver Cromwell (克伦威尔)became the Lord Protector.,8The Commonwealth(1649-1660),1 “Rump”： 残余议会 after the

15、 Kings death , Oliver Cromwell and the Rump declared England a commonwealth. 2 Lord Protector 3 随着清教徒对国家道德生活严厉控制，克伦威尔日渐成为一个小暴君， 人们于是对处死国王和给与军队新的特权后悔起来,9 The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution of 1688,1When Cromwell died and was succeeded by his son, the regime collapsed. 2 the parliament asked

16、Charles s son to return from France as King Charles , which was called Restoration. Clarendon Code：克拉雷敦法规 against the Puritans ( nonconformists) 非国教信徒 Test Act 宣誓法 Disabling Act 无资格法 3 religious difference came to a head: after his brother James succeeded James : catholic, was rejected by William of

17、 Orange( 奥兰治亲王威廉， 后成为英国国王 威廉三世）,The Glorious Revolution,William marched upon London and the takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King.,The Bill of Rights (1689),William and Mary jointly accepted it 1 exclude any Roman Catholic from the succession 2 confirmed th

18、e principle of parliament supremacy 3 guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of the Commons,on their acceptance of the Bill, they were Crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey. Constitutional monarchy( 君主立宪制） In1702， Anne ( 詹姆斯二世之女，玛丽二世之妹）came to the throne，the name of the Great Britain came into being. Act of Union: 联合法in 1707， united England and Sco