at of Thesis Writing.ppt

1、Unit Two,Format of Thesis Writing,I. Kinds of formats,Chicago Manual - The Chicago Manual of Style 学术论文写作与书目格式的权威地位。 MLA - The Modern Language Association Style 人文领域经常采用的一套书目格式指南 APA - Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association社会科学领域的学术期刊经常采用的书目格式,II. Format of the thesis Writing,1

2、.Front Part Cover, Blank page, Title page, Abstract, Key word, Content 2.Body Part Introduction, Body, Conclusion 3. Ending Part Acknowledgement, Note, Bibliograph,1. Front Part CoverThe related information on thesis: Title, Author, Instructor, Professional title Title pageThe title, Subtitle. In th

3、e middle Abstractan isolate essay which includes the problem and methods of the research, the references and conclusion,1. Front Part Key words words and phrases which can describe the main ideas from the essay Contentserial number Introduction Chapter One A B Conclusion,2.Body Part The introduction

4、 usually explains the writers motive, intention or purpose in discussing his or her topic, and its scope and focus. It also provides the background or the situation the reader may need.,BodyThe main parts of the thesis. Conclusionthe summary of the thesis 3. Ending Part Acknowledgement optional Note

5、 and Bibliographysource of reference, basic requirement of academic writing,III. Format of Documentation,1.The purpose Avoid plagiarism 2.The rules of quotation and paraphrase 1) In most field, paraphrasing (summarizing or changing the original words to your own words) is preferred above direct quot

6、ations.,2) Cite others work in the proper documentation style of your field. Proper documentation must appear in the text and in the bibliography. 3) Summarize a large section of work instead of quoting the entire part. Ideally, two or three sentences will summarize several paragraphs. Pick out only

7、 the most important points.,4) Give a generalization, citing several authors who have come to the same conclusion at the end of the sentence.,3.The Format of Quotation 1) Direct Quotation: Use quotation marks totell your readers that you are borrowing someone elses exact words. Short works (less tha

8、n 40 words) or no more than two lines of a poem, which may be quoted within the paragraph.,Tips for direct quotation Note the author ,publication time and the page of the quotation. Eg. One recent study points out that ”the language of scientific writing varies greatly from the language of social sc

9、ience writing” (Zhou, 1999,p.161) Use Ellipsis to show something omitted. (中文是六个实心点，英文是三个实心点，省略号在句尾可使用四个实心点）,Tips for direct quotation Use the single quotation marks when there exist double quotation mark in the original text. Put the comma and period inside the double quotation mark , semicolon 、co

10、lon and exclamation mark outside the double quotation mark .,2) Indirect Quotation: For a long section, change for another paragraph and remember to condense the space (5 spaces). Directly after this indirect quotation, it should be followed with author, year and page.,引用文字超过40字，则不用引号，另起一行，从左边缩进近5个空

11、格，隔行打印。 The APA style of quotation of more than 40 words is just as follows: Display a quotation .,引用诗歌超过三行，则需另引一行，从左边缩进10格，隔行打印。,Tip for indirect quotation: A. Skills Use passive voice instead of active voice. Find synonyms that are less formal or are more like the style of your own writing. Change

12、 the sentence structure, possibly changing the clauses around. Cut out unimportant information for the purposes of your paper/points.,Tip for indirect quotation: B. unchangeable rules Dont change or try to paraphrase numbers. Dont change the intention of the original author by choosing the wrong wor

13、d. Dont make the original author seem to say something different or have different emphasis.,Ex for paraphrase practice: 1.People in every part of the globe dislike aggressive Americans. Hints: Dont change “aggressive Americans” Change “in every part of the globe “. Can you think of a single word to

14、 substitute? Key: 1.People worldwide dislike aggressive Americans.,2.Those who support war to achieve their personal objectives consider the Security Council to be weak. Hints: Use different phrases for “Those who support war” Use a different word for “considers” Use a negative word, along with the

15、opposite of “weak”. Key: War supporters believe the UN Security Council is not strong.,3. Why do teenagers turn to delinquency? Some experts believe they become delinquents because of dissatisfaction with family life and friends, but this view is short-sighted and stereotypical. Recent studiers have

16、 look at this problem in more depth. Hints: Take out the question Start with the idea of “recent research” Keep the words “short-sighted and stereotypical” Key: Recent research has examined the reasons for delinquency and found that looking only at the dissatisfaction with family life and friends is

17、 short-sighted and stereotypical.,4. Some evidence reveals that smoking might be a cause of baldness. The correlation is interesting since it links two factors that have no genetic connection. Hints: Begin with “according to”. Instead of “smoking might be a cause of baldness”, use the passive voice

18、“baldness may be caused by” Key: According to some interesting evidence, baldness may be caused by smoking even though there seems to be no genetic connection.,More Tips for quotation: 1) Accuracy Dont change the spelling、punctuation、format of the quotation in accordance with the original one. 2) Co

19、nsistencequotation mark 3) Note after quotation pareathese, footnote, endnote,2. The format of Note 1)夹注 (pareathese): 段中注，文中注或随文注，即在需要注释的文字后直接加圆括号引出所引文字的出处。该形式清晰、准确、简便。但所提供的信息内容必须与后面参考文献所列作者书目相一致。（Bear,240) 2）脚注(footnote): 页末注或页下注，用一横线隔开，与文本最后一行之间约有四行空隙。 3)尾注（endnote):也称篇尾注，文本的后面，另起一页。,脚注和尾注包含的内容：

20、作者姓名西先名后姓，中先姓后名。若用英文表示，则编者，编纂，译者的姓名前加 “eds”,”comps”, “trans”.中文表示则为“编”，“撰”和“译” 书名英文名加下划线或斜体，中文用 表示，表明版次，英文用序数词和ed.表示，中文为第几版 出版信息出版地点、出版社和出版年份。放在圆括号内，格式为（出版地：出版社，出版年份）。,卷号英文用Vol中文用第几卷表示 页号单页缩写为p.,多页为pp-. 尾注的格式为： 作者姓名./。书名（版次）（出版地：出版者，出版日期），卷号，页号。,3. Format of Bibliography 1）Content The bibliography s

21、hould list some information about books and articles used in the essay. 2)Format Author./works./publication address: Press, publication time. Eg. Watson, George. Writing a Thesis: a guide to long essays and dissertations. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 2003.,冯幼民（编著）。高级英文写作教程：论文写作。北京：北京大学出版社，2002

22、。 排序： 按英文作者姓氏的字母排列，中文作者按汉语拼音顺序排列。若连续引用同一作者的多部作品，则按作者标题的英文字母顺序排列。在作者处用三个连字符代替，再加入作品名称和出版信息。每个条目从第二行起要缩进五个空格,3)More details A.作者 英文先姓后名，中间用逗号隔开，后面用句号。中文也是先姓后名，中间不用标点，后面加句号。 Lee, Bear. 李艳雄。 若一篇文章或书有两个或三个作者时，英文作者只把第一作者的姓与名颠倒，第二、三作者则保持不变。,如果是多个作者时，可以只列出第一作者，其他的人可用et al. 代表，如： Schultzc, Brrigitte, et al. B. 作品名称。 若录入是一本著作书籍的名称，英文作品要用斜体或加下划线，中文用 标注。若录入的是一部作品中的某个章节或某份期刊报纸中的一篇文章，则先录入文章标题用“ ”，后面再录入作品期刊和报纸的名称。 Dryden, John. “The Three Types of Translation.” Reading in Western Translation Theories. ed. Zhong Weihe,C. 出版信息