七省名校名师高考英语专题--反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特殊句式.ppt

1、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 以及其它特殊句式,考纲解读,高考英语在重视对语义和功能考查的同时，并未完全放弃对语言形式和语言知识类题目的考查，主要涉及强调句、倒装句、省略句、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特殊句式如there be 句型等。 反意疑问句是高考经常考查的语法项目之一，考查的重点是：祈使句和含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句及句尾的附加成分等。 主要考点有： 1. 祈使句的判断 2. 祈使句固定结构 3. 反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法,返回目录,知识要点,返回目录,反意疑问句简介,反意疑问句相当于“对不对？”“好不好？”“行不 行？”，用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成，前一

2、 部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加疑问短语，中 间用逗号隔开，所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问 句。通常的形式是：肯定的陈述句否定的附 加疑问，或否定的陈述句肯定的附加疑问。 如：He studies English, doesnt he? He doesnt study English, does he? They are from America, arent they? They are not from America, are they?,反意疑问句的主要考点,一、陈述句如果是there be句型，则附加疑问句要用there充当主语，而不用it或者they来与存在句中的主语保持一致： 1. T

3、here is a cup on the table, isnt there? 2. There were lots of people over there, werent there? 3. Theres nothing wrong, is there?,二、陈述句的主语如果是everyone (everybody)，someone (somebody)，anyone (anybody)，no one，nobody，则在附加疑问句中通常使用they，尤其是在口语中。但是，使用he也是正确的： 1. Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they

4、? 2. No one was injured in the car accident, were they? 3. Someone died here yesterday, didnt they? 但在正式语体中也可以见到用he的实例： Everyone knows his name, doesnt he?,三、陈述句的主语如果是this，that，these，those，则附加疑问句中的主语要分别用it或they： 1. That is your hat, isnt it? 2. Those are ugly, arent they?,四、附加疑问句通常要重复复合句中主句的 主语，但主句中

5、如果含有I think /suppose / expect /believe /imagine /fancy /suspect这样的主谓 结构，则附加疑问句应重复that从句中的主语： 1. I suppose you are not serious, are you? 2. I expect you will have a good time there, wont you? 3. I dont believe he has finished, has he?,五、否定转移句的附加疑问句，其主语应重 复that从句的主语： 1. I dont think you can do these e

6、xercises alone, can you? 2. I dont imagine he cares, does he? 3. I dont think she knows French, does she?,六、在Lets与Let us (me)句后的附加疑问句 的主语是不同的： 1. Lets go for a walk, shall we? 2. Let us go shopping, will you? 3. Now, let me have a look at that project, will you?,七、陈述句的主语如果是one，则附加疑问句 的主语应当用one(英国英语)

7、或he(美国英语): One cant be too careful, can one?/ can he? 八、祈使句的主语为第三人称时，附加疑问句 的主语既可用you，也可用they： Somebody open this door, will you?/ will they?,九、在含used to的陈述句之后，附加疑问句要 使用助动词did，但亦可使用use(d)nt: 1. They used to write to you, didnt they? 2. There used to be a cinema here, use(d)nt there? 十、在含I am的陈述句之后，附加

8、疑问句的助动词不使用am not，而使用arent（英国英语）或amt（美国英语）： 1. I am late, arent I? / amt I? 2. Im doing well, arent I?/ amt I?,十一、祈使句为肯定句时，附加疑问句可使用will you/ wont you，can you/ cant you。在否定的祈使句之后，附加疑问句应使用will you或can you： 1. Dont make noise, will you?/ can you? 2. Dont tell Joe, will you?,十二、陈述句中含有助动词ought to时，附加 疑问句既

9、可使用oughtnt，也可使用shouldnt： 1. We ought to go now, shouldnt we? 2. We ought to buy a new car, oughtnt we? 十三、陈述句中含有助动词must时，附加疑问句使用什么样的助动词，依must的含义而定: a) must作“必须”解时，附加疑问句可以重复 must或改用need: 1. He must keep his word, mustnt he? 2. They must clean the floor after school, neednt they?,b) 当must not作“禁止”解时,

10、附加疑问句要用 may: 1. I must not go any further, may I? 2. They mustnt take the book out of the reading-room, may they? c) must作“一定”、“准是”解时，附加疑问句的助 动词要与must后面的动词相照应： 1. They must be playing football, aren t they? 2. You must have misheard, havent you? 3. It must have rained last night, didnt it?,十四、当I wis

11、h表示征求对方意见时，附加疑 问句可以用may： I wish to have a rest now, may I? 十五、hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, little, few等 叫做半否定副词。含有这些半否定词的句子无论 在句意上, 还是在句法上, 都具有否定句的特点。 因此这类句子的附加疑问句, 应采取肯定形式: 1. He scarcely knew a word of English, did he? 2. You seldom work on Sundays, do you? 3. He had little time to spare, did

12、 he?,十六、当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时，附加疑问既可用have也可用do： 1. You have a color TV set, havent you/ dont you? 当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意 思时，附加疑问要用do： 1. You had a cold yesterday, didnt you? 2. They dont have coffee with breakfast, do they?,十七、带有否定前缀的词虽然具有否定意义, 但含有这种词的句子仍被看作是肯定句: 1. That is impossible, isnt it? 2. He wa

13、s unhappy about this, wasnt he? 3. Tom was unfair, wasnt he?,十八、当陈述部分是主从复合句时，疑问 部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和 主语保持一致，而不是和从句中的动词和 主语保持一致：1. They know that he is from England, dont they? 2. He told me he would go there tomorrow, didnt he?,十九、并列句的反意疑问句其疑问部分一般 与最接近的分句的谓语保持一致： 1. We must start at once or we cant go

14、 there on time, can we? 2. He is a teacher but his wife isnt a teacher, is she?,二十、反意疑问句的回答要克服中文思维, 用事实进行回答, 是就用yes, 不是就用no: 1. -You arent a lawyer, are you? -Yes, I am. 2. -He hasnt been to the Great Wall, has he? -No, he hasnt.,返回目录,考点诠释,返回目录,一反意疑问句的 意义 构成 回答,反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的 人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要

15、向对方 加以证实时所提出的问句。,如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。,其结构为：陈述句，简单的问句。 完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。,对反意疑问句的回答, 无论问题的提法如何, 如果事实是肯定的, 就用yes, 事实是否定的, 就要用no。,一He likes playing football,_? 一_, he does. /_, he doesnt.,一His sister didnt attend the me

16、eting,_? 一Yes, she_. /No, she_.,肯否交叉,二位一致; 不管问题,事实回答,doesnt he,did she,Yes,No,did,didnt,likes,didnt,does,doesnt,Yes,No,二简单句式 结构中反意疑问句的 运用,当陈述句部分的主语是名词时, 反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。,Your brother has gone to the library,_?,hasnt he,Your brother,has,2. 当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时, 反意疑问句的主语用it代替；,These are importan

17、t reading materials, _?,That isnt a useful book,_?,指示代词是these, those时, 反意疑问句的主语用they代替。如：,is it,arent they,That isnt,These are,3. 当陈述句部分是I am时, 反意疑问句部分通常要用arent I；,Im late for the meeting,_?,如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时, 反意疑问句部分通常要用am I.,Im not doing well,_?,arent I,am I,Im,Im not,4. 当陈述句部分有hardly, seldom, f

18、ew, little, no, no one, nobody, never, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时, 反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。,It is impossible for him to make such a mistake,His sister seldom argues with people,但 如果陈述句部分是含有带否定前缀或后缀的词(impossible, unhappy, unfit, dislike, )时, 反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。,isnt it?,does she?,seldom,impossible,It is,5. 当陈述句部分是everyone/e

19、verybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时, 反意疑问句部分的主语多用they, 但也可用he；,Nobody came when I was out,_?,当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时, 反意疑问句部分的主语用it.,Everything has gone wrong today, _?,hasnt it,did they,Nobody,Everything,6. 当陈述句部分是“there be+主语+其它”结构时, 反意疑问部分

20、要用“ + there”结构。如：,There are some bananas in the basket, _?,arent there,There are,7. 陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。,Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, _? Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, _? That he didnt pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, _?,has

21、 it,doesnt it,didnt it,Learning how to repair motors,Where to hold the meeting,That he didnt pass the entrance exam,has not,takes,made,8、当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，有两种情况。,（1）have作“有”解时，反意疑问句部分可用have（not）或do（not）的相应形式。,His brother has a new bike, _he?,（2）have用作实义动词时，反意疑问句部分只可用do（not）的相应形式。,You have lunch at sc

22、hool,_?,dont you,hasnt,doesnt,9、当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有四种情况,1）must表示“禁止”时即mustnt，反意疑问部分要用must 。,You mustnt stop your car here,2）must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用neednt。,They must finish the work today,3）当must用来表示“推测”时，意为“一定、必定” 对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问句部分要用“isnt / arent / dont /doesnt + 主语”,He must be good at maths

23、,must you?,neednt they?,isnt he?,mustnt,must,He is good at maths,must be,对过去的情况进行“推测” (must + have done)时(一般句中有过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句部分要用“wasnt / werent / didnt + 主语”；,She must have read the novel last week,对完成的情况进行“推测” (must + have done)时(一般没有过去时间状语)，反意疑问句部分要用“havent / hasnt + 主语”。,You must have told her a

24、bout it,didnt she?,havent you?,She read the novel last week,You have told her about it,must have read,must have told,10、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 dare (need) +主语。,We need not do it again, He dare not say so,当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词 do / does/ did + 主语。,She doesnt dare to go home alone,need we ?

25、,dare he?,does she?,need not,dare not,doesnt dare,11、 当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问句部分要用ought / should (oughtnt / shouldnt) 。 如陈述部分为情态动词used to，反意疑问部分可用 used/did +主语。 如陈述部分为had better，反意疑问部分用hadnt +主语。 如陈述部分有would rather，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。 如陈述部分有Youd like to, 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。,12、当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的I wish时

26、，反意疑问部分要用may I，而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。,I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some day,13. 感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式,What a foolish child (he is),may I?,isnt he?,I wish,What,三并列句 结构中反意疑问句的 运用,并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。当陈述句是由并列连接词and, but, or, for, so等连接的两个并列分句组成时，反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致，也就是说，对后一分句进行反问。,He was a lazy chil

27、d, and he didnt pass the exam,did he?,and,didnt,四主从复合句 结构中反意疑问句的 运用,1. 一般情况下, 陈述句部分是主从复合句时, 反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。,This is the second time that he has been to Japan,He said no one could match him in playing chess,isnt it?,didnt he?,This is,He said,2. 在宾语从句中, 如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppos

28、e, imagine, expect等)+宾语从句”, 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致, 并要注意否定转移。(即I dont think/suppose/believe /imagine 引导的宾语从句，这种宾语从句的反意疑问句应与从句的主语，谓语部分一致，而且用肯定式的提问。),I dont think you have heard of him before,have you?,you have,I dont think,dont,注意: 当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称, 或主语是第一人称, 而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时, 这时, 反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要

29、与主句保持一致。,Mary thinks you will come to the party,doesnt she?,Mary thinks,3. 带有定语从句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：,He is not the man who gave us a talk,is he?,who gave us a talk,He is not,五祈使句 结构中反意疑问句的运用,1祈使句的肯定形式，其反意问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you；表示“邀请、劝说”时，用wont you。,Be sure to write to us, Close the window, please, Come

30、 to have dinner with us this evening,will you?,will you?,（表示“请求”）,wont you?,（表示“邀请”）,2祈使句的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。,Dont smoke in the meeting room, Dont be late again,3变异祈使句，即句首为一呼语，后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句，这时，我们应视为无主语的祈使句结构，反意疑问句部分要用will you构成。,Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room,wi

31、ll you?,will you ?,will you?,Lets go to see the film together,. 祈使句构成反意疑问句时, 以Let开头的祈使句除了Lets, 疑问部分用shall we之外, 其余一律用will you, 在这里并非表示疑问, 而是进一步叮咛嘱托。如：,Let us go to see the film together,shall we?,will you?,(1)Youre a farmer, _ _? (2)The weather isnt fine, _ _? (3)Kate came here last month, _ _? (4)I

32、 dont think Tom is at home, _ _? (5)There werent enough nuts, _ _? (6)Theres a pen in the box, _ _? (7)The man had bread for lunch, _ _? (8)Mary can speak little English , _ _? (9)Nothing is wrong with the watch, _ _?,arent you,is it,didnt she,is he,were there,isnt there,didnt he,can she,is it,Pleas

33、e complete the following sentences.,(1)Im as tall as your sister，_ ? (2)I wish to have a word with you, _? (3)He must be a doctor, _? (4)It is impossible , _? (5)He used to take pictures there, _? (6)Dont do that again,_? (7)Youd better read it by yourself, _? (8)Everything is ready, _? (9)Everyone

34、knows the answer, _?,Please complete the following sentences.,arent I,may I,isnt he,isnt it,didnt he,usednt he,will you,hadnt you,isnt it,dont they/,doesnt he,返回目录,高考链接,We forgot to bring our tickets ,but please let us enter,_? (2006 全国II,7) A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we 【解析】本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。应该 注意let us和lets引导的祈使句所用场合是不同的：let us do sth.是征求对方的许可；lets do sth. 是号召大家 做某事。因此，它们的反意疑问句式也不同，lets do sth.的反意疑问句式是:shall we,而let us do sth.的反意疑 问句式是：will /wont you答案是：C。,返回目录,高考链接,Stand over there _youll be able to see it better.(2004天津，