跨文化交际(UNIT 10)

1、Review of Unit 9,1. What is culture shock? 2. How to adapt to a new culture?,Intercultural CommunicationUnit 10Acquiring Intercultural Competence,Warm Up,Please read the story on page 334 . Can you guess how the husband translated for his mother and his wife? Susan: Mrs. Zhang, come to New York if y

2、ou want. Husband: 妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看. Mother: 不去了，给你们添麻烦。 Husband: Oh, it depends on the physical condition . Susan: Yes, oh thanks for your delicious food, I like them very much. Husband: 谢谢妈妈给我们做了那么多的好吃的. Mother: 自家人谢什么。苏珊，你以后可不要再瘦身了，身体健康才最重要哪！ Husband: Its my pleasure. Susan, I hope you become even mo

3、re beautiful . Susan: Thank you! The same to you. Husband: 谢谢妈妈，我祝你身体健康. Mother: 啊，谢谢，谢谢！,Reading I,Read the article “A Culture Learning Story” (p335-340). What can you learn from the story? Cultural Identity Cultural identity refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group

4、. People consciously identify themselves with a group that has a shared system of symbols and meanings as well as norms for conduct.,Reading I,Read the article “A Culture Learning Story” (p335-340). What can you learn from the story? Betweenness of identity: (p339) Betweenness of identity is a state

5、 of mind that is distinct from that of a typical, traditional standard in either native language/ culture or second language/ culture. It is a result of the whole recreation process of a persons own identity after taking different characteristics from the second language or culture into the persons

6、original identity. However, this should not be considered as an incomplete or inferior identity, either to native language/culture, or to second language/culture, but as another, originally created, independent one.,Reading II,Read the article “Improving Intercultural Communication” (p346-350). How

7、can we improve our communication with people of other cultures? 1) know yourself (1) We are products of our culture; an awareness of our culture along with examples of contrasting cultures contributes greatly to our understanding of ourselves as cultural being. (2) Identity those attitudes, prejudic

8、es, and opinions that we all carry around and that bias the way the world appears to us; detect the ways in which these attitudes influence communication. (3) Learn to recognize your communication style the manner in which you present yourself to others; it involves discovering the kind of image we

9、portray to the rest of the world.,Reading II,Read the article “Improving Intercultural Communication” (p346-350). How can we improve our communication with people of other cultures? 2) seek to understand different languages (1) Seek a common language and attempt to understand cultural differences in

10、 using the language. (2) Keep in mind that there is more to language than vocabulary, syntax, and dialects. (3) Language is more than a vehicle of communication; it teaches one a cultures lifestyle, ways of thinking, and different patterns of interaction. (4) There are different styles of “talk”.,Re

11、ading II,Read the article “Improving Intercultural Communication” (p346-350). How can we improve our communication with people of other cultures? 3) develop empathy (1) Develop empathy - be able to see things from the point of view of others so that we can better know and adjust to the other people.

12、 (2) Barrier to empathy a constant self-focus; a lack of motivation; (3) We must realize that we live in an interconnected world and try to understand everyone regardless of how much we seem separated from them by either distance or culture. (4) To cultivate empathy to become sensitive to the values

13、 and customs of the culture with which you are interacting. (5) This does not mean that you have to agree with them, but you can avoid conflict, are better able to understand the situation, and are better equipped to provide a mutually agreeable solution to the problem. 4) to be flexible,Intercultur

14、al Communication Competence,Intercultural communication competence refers to the ability to accomplish effective and appropriate intercultural communication between communicators of different cultures. Finish the Matching Task (p353),Matching Task (p353),Attributes 1.Tolerance for ambiguity 2.Open-m

15、indedness 3. Flexibility 4.Respectfulness 5.Adaptability 6.Sensitivity 7.Creativity,Abilities b. Ability to meet new situations with mindfulness f. Ability to respond to others in non-evaluative ways a. Ability to shift frame of reference e. Ability to show positive regard for the other(s) g. Abilit

16、y to behave appropriately to particular situations d. Ability to convey empathy verbally and nonverbally c. Ability to engage in different modes of thinking,Intercultural Communication Competence,Read the article “Description, Interpretation, and Evaluation” (p354-355). How to communicate effectivel

17、y with people, especially those from different cultures? 1)Three cognitive processes in perception: Description: an actual report of what we have observed with the minimum of distortion and without attributing social significance to the behavior. Interpretation: what we think about what we see and h

18、ear. Evaluation: positive or negative judgments concerning the social significance we attribute to behavior.,Intercultural Communication Competence,2)The important thing to keep in mind is that multiple interpretations can be made for any particular description of behavior. 3)The reason why we fail

19、to communicate effectively often lies in the fact that we tend to skip the essential cognitive process of description and jump immediately to the process of interpretation or evaluation without realizing that our interpretations or evaluations are based on our own cultural beliefs and they might be

20、very different from what is meant by the speaker.,Case Study,Case 37(Page356-357) Peter was brought up in a culture in which the demands of politeness and face require either that one goes against ones real wishes and accepts invitations that one would really prefer not to accept, or that one finds

21、elaborate excuses (an ill child is a very useful one) to avoid commitment. However, in Moroccan culture, things are quite different. Peter seems to have gradually adapted very well to the new cultural environment in which he found himself. The lesson we can learn from this is that one should not jud

22、ge the behavior of those of another culture by ones own cultural standards and should learn to do as the Romans do when in Rome.,Case Study,Case 38(Page357) This is just a case of the conflict between the first generation and the second generation of Chinese immigrants in the United States. These tw

23、o generations have grown up in totally different social environments in which their values are differently shaped and their views of the world differently formed. The daughter, born and brought up in America, has already been totally Americanized even though she has her eyes and skin of the same col

24、or as her parents. Living in American society, she finds it natural to identify herself with the mainstream American culture, in which parents and children (especially the grown up children) are supposed to treat each other as equals, while her mother, though having lived in America for many years,

25、is still culturally more Chinese than American. Therefore, the mother, often with good intentions, is likely to misunderstand what her daughter says and does. To deal with conflicts of this kind, sincere exchange of opinion and willingness to learn from each other are among the best measures.,Case S

26、tudy,Case 39(Page358) Annie felt unhappy about Rosas cousin because she thought Rosas cousin had stayed with them for too long and seemed to have depended on Rosa too much, which, in Annies eye, was actually an interference to Rosas studies. Rosa did not change after her cousin came. She was still t

27、he same good student as Annie remembered. However, to her, family comes first, so she went out of her way to look after her cousin, even though that means she would be left with little time for herself and her classes. The misunderstanding between Annie and Rosa comes from the difference in what they value. Annie seemed to value privacy, independence, personal needs and interests more than Rosa, to whom family relationships and obligation t