大学英语六级作文篇

1、作文篇,Sentence,概捎盗菱沃尼竹潦抛诗岗紫馆兔迭蔚欢蕊桂枝郝鉴欧蔼翌羔骋钾开晃千脐大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Lecture One - Sentence,Complete Sentences and Sentence Fragments A grammatically complete sentence is one that contains at least a subject and a predicate (or finite) verb; if the verb is transitive, there must be a object; if the verb

2、is a link-verb, there must be a predicative （表语） or complement（补语）. For instances: He came. She wrote a letter. The leaves grow yellow in autumn.,薪挎官羔融疡户住奢木围佃寓连仆鲁显捶押液纫餐怂祭椿寅聘扮盾卸定诞大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Correct the following sentences,Have done it. Raining. How to use it.,I have done it. Its raining. How

3、do you use it?,遁叉昼堵隙朔稗惩酞肮认烧琶泊鳞从盔激空柯聪独砰脱帕摩搀倪靶肛塌园大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Although not essential, attributive and adverbials help to make the meaning of sentences clear or complete. For instances: He came to the classroom very early. She wrote a long letter to her parents. Dr. Smith is a well-known professo

4、r of physics.,蛋咬渐嘲娃淡浇扮仍湿触卵擂斌疥时恰概脏废毫角团解奶赚豁报肆梳背轩大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,A complete sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period which is quite different from Chinese. In Chinese writing commas maybe used to separate complete sentences. The use of a comma in place of a period, a semi-colon,

5、or a dash in English writing is called the comma fault, which Chinese students should avoid. Here are some examples:,作趴篡样勘验苔希伎矿杏娱汁俗拔搂排灵选润嗓潍坠拒栖库轩凳抽军崭蒸大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: It was raining hard, they could not work in the field.,Improved: It was raining hard; they could not work in the field. It w

6、as raining hard. they could not work in the field. It was raining so hard that they could not work in the field. They could not work in the field because it was raining hard. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the field. As it was raining hard, they could not work in the field.,惕估散方绦归详相夕

7、芭撮贺糊帅绍帜打赖雹霸璃捉嗣式肘夫褂哮霓齿极施大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: I was born in a small town, in the town there was only one school, I studied there for six years.,I was born in a small town. In the town there was only one school. I studied there for six years. In a small town where I was born, there was only one s

8、chool, and I studied there for six years. I was born in a small town, where there was only one school. I studied there for six years. I studied for six years at the only school in the small town where I was born.,These sentences are not grammatically wrong; they are faulty simply because of the use

9、of the commas. And the improved sentences lay stress on different points.,乞述咀设蔡栅嚣郁脚殆哩抵澄膛彰箍吏晤嚏张采嘘擎抵纬鉴颁释桐恤臃嗅大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Here are some examples with the semicolon, the colon and the dash,Faulty: The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.,Improved: The essay is poorly organized; the

10、re is no central idea. The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.,冠甚锭纷落印郝致江社布坚辜弛榨念痊琵锤酷板眉艳改赐奇颧渗践鼠子是大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: The principal of the school may do something to reduce the pupils homework load, he may, for example, stop assigning homework for Saturday and Sunday.,Improved:

11、The principal of the school may do something to reduce the pupils homework load - he may, for example, stop assigning homework for Saturday and Sunday.,甫慨玄供旺涂孝邑充奶瞄冈泌税茄淌敞抽害片固稗浇椿敞瞎渤陨扬沙姬牡大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Notes,In fiction, two short sentences closely connected in meaning are occasionally joined by a c

12、omma; in expository writing, however, the general rule is to use a period at the end of a complete sentence, whether it is long or short. It has been said that students should make sentences that are grammatically complete and avoid making sentences without a subject or predicate verb. But sometimes

13、 experienced writers use incomplete sentences for special effect.,菇烘冤迹的工沃赋闷承退倔哆丈滥携蛛溃材峻舞粹煮驶人琐住藐漳乒鄂乳大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,For Example,He was, I think, very handsome. I gather this form photographs and from my own memories of him, dressed in his Sunday best and on his way to preach a sermon somewhere, whe

14、n I was little. Handsome, proud, and ingrown, “like a toe-nail,” somebody said. - James Baldwin,屁滁挡惮豹望洁约宗宣缩耳架赤些羊道刁镶凳贾音貉凉禄貉侈尺原恃程贱大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,II. Types of sentences,Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory Sentences according to use A declarative sentence makes an assertion or st

15、atement. An interrogative sentence asks a question. An imperative sentence express a command or a request. An exclamatory sentence expresses a strong feeling or emotion, such as surprise, pain, or joy.,后小扭募拿色被岁凤敢芯蜗固诌壁金棍饶躺倘淆揍褒邵留脊闺碟纯唯诧忽大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,2. Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Comp

16、lex Sentences,A simple sentence has only one subject and one predicate-verb, but it may contain more than one object, attribute or adverbial. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (or simple sentences) related to each other in meaning, and linked by a coordinating conjuncti

17、on (and, but, etc.) or by semicolon without a conjunction. A complex sentence contains one main sentence (or principal) clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clause, with connective words denoting the relation between the two parts. The dependent clause may play the part of a subject, a

18、predicative, an attributive, or an adverbial in the main clause. A compound-complex sentence contains at least two main clauses and at least one dependent clause a combination of a compound and a complex sentence.,膘椰示宠挫惋渐霉崖巩花人线号受均台舜葱宅姓凳布骚行广痊鳃非舰扁澄大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,For instance,To Americans, industri

19、ousness, thrift, and ambition are positive values. We encourage our children to be competitive, to get ahead, to make money, to acquire possessions. In games and in business alike the aim is to win the game, the trophy, the contract. We go in for labor-saving devices, gadgets, speed, and short-cuts.

20、 We think every young couple who must share their home with a parent, let alone with other relatives. Actually, of course, not all Americans hold all these values, and those who do may hold other, and at times contradictory, values that affect their ways of behaving. - Ina Corinne Brown,领锤郊道廓藉瞻老背漂枯截

21、络般辐倡逻追赌桃决夹萧埃帮嘴碟畴乱腺蝗锻大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,3. Loose, Periodic, and Balanced Sentence,A loose sentence puts the main idea before all supplemental information; in other words, it puts first things first. The reverse arrangement makes a periodic sentence; the main idea is expressed at or near the end of it

22、, and it is not grammatically complete until the end is reached. Compare: She decided to study English though she was interested in music. loose sentence(宽松句、松散句) Although she was interested in English, she finally decided to study English. periodic sentence (圆周句),岸汗动嫁茫衔筋凶妄汤侄盅拼宪痊国物谜辱荫目惊囤螺统医添碾鸿他踞猜大学英

23、语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,The features of periodic and loose sentence: Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct; Periodic sentences are more complex, emphatic, formal, or literary.,巷绦椒蛀答熊因禁萎郧胡郭解捡初妙孩祭愈晃个夫罪张厘付陷达汝遁宅佣大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Balanced sentence,When a sentence contains two or more par

24、ts of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with balanced construction. For examples: Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these stand in our way. - Norman Bethune,峻攫拧察焉妨温账西谅烁曹韵酮限弄苞摸抹亚是苛妈哺彦樱艘努斟榨狐安大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,It

25、does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about with which there is something to be done. - Bertrand Russell,莹碱淫蔗菠袒意动廖亥涎老滥标峨滇砍旅练旷铣州压焊脐汝厅烂暑牢赢藕大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,What is a bal

26、anced sentence?,When a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence. Example On hearing the news, he was angered, and I was saddened. The politician is concerned with successful elections, whereas the statements is interested in the

27、 future of his people. In Platos opinion man was made for philosophy; in Bacons opinion philosophy was made for man. - Frederick Douglass Balanced sentences are impressive because of the contrast, and pleasing to hear because of rhythm. They are usually used in formal writing, like expository and ar

28、gumentative prose, and speeches.,英舆轨滩趁贺崎拾挫该堵秩溪腾仰稗梳戊举拌彩肆填恤斗京园丛蓖迎唱静大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,4. Short and Long Sentences,Long sentences are common in legal, political and theoretical writing, which depends on modification for accuracy. e.g. The definition of “art”,举阵榜涎咸煎受帖活仑碰拖谴昔舔墅诚转峪医琉惶颐胰西押设伤由豁出削大学英语六级作文篇大学英

29、语六级作文篇,The definition of Art,Art the generic term subsuming painting, sculpture, architecture, music, literature, drama, and film may be defined as the practice of creating perceptible forms expressive of human feeling. - Susanne K. Langer Its a good example of long sentences.,侠杀韶裁织碘群傻搅挫逼娇岩固丧冈材室题伪椅嘉

30、鳃掩熄苗晓优熬浆举亡大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,An example of the use of short sentences,Our city is on the threshold of a great era. Of this we can be sure. But in order to fulfill the promise of the future, we must be willing to work and to spend. We need a larger police force for public protection. We need a modern

31、ized fire department. We need an enlarged library. We need to increase the pay scale of teachers in public schools. We need to improve water supply. For all these needs there is but one solution. We must see that the bond issue is approved by the voters in the November election.,仲煞谦密蛆赵仇条僳收扑桅眉那巨泄吻泞稼班

32、丘娥甭话壬伶瞻叫炎谓醛瑚大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,III. Effective Sentences,Unity 完整性 Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It does not contain ideas that are not closely related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself.,碘厢笺千三皱祸

33、艾卓轩辅甲玻跺雁诚歉搪期氧衙殆焚给栖脊豢胎敬燃篷个大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Compare,Faulty: Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician. Improved: He was born in a small town in South China in the early 50s. In his childhood he liked to sing songs. Later he entered a conservatory. In th

34、e 70s he became a famous musician.,Born in South China and becoming a famous musician have little connection. The first sentence lacks unity. While the revised one tells how and when he became a musician, which is unified.,酝丹愤婆闽绸帜刻卸兜宽腹培桌滓君荡变虏王谗蚊格除挟镁獭末后靡说岿大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Which is better,Du Fu was

35、one of the greatest poets. Du Fu was one of the greatest poets of Tang Dynasty.,The first sentence is faulty because the idea expressed is not complete: there is no mention of time or country. The second one makes it clear.,偏嚏洁摆霉锻拆编渠硼播画所伦说葛念蝎道僧刁惺窑比秧蔗嗽倚炎财溉院大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,2. Coherence - 一致性,Cohere

36、nce means clear and reasonable connection between parts. A sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationship unmistakably clear. It is not coherent if it has faulty parallel constructions, pronouns with ambiguous reference, dangling or misplaced modifiers, co

37、nfusing shifts in person and number, or in voice, tense, and mood.,苯址兵欧九坛革贿预腕挥饵战徽环凿终涝踌况烩浇燕箕寂貌衰滋谍讳庶脂大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Examples,Faulty: structure A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds,Improved: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.,A man is judged

38、 not only by his words but also by his deeds,漫惯厘谦娠秦蛤岛盎乎玩宾器廓泥航痛佯邻谱信硼疗换眩嗣苔垮绽承纪塞大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: structure We thought she was charming, intelligent and a very capable young woman.,Revised: We thought she was charming, intelligent and very capable.,We thought she was a charming, intelligent an

39、d very capable young woman.,羌摇奔亚锑陈烦卤森何尊青血冤魔豪献喊藕乖坊胜郑喷喻也脯邹吮恩挎虞大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: We have great faith and high hopes for her.,Revised: We have great faith in and high hopes for her.,Different nouns or verbs (vi.) should be followed by different prepositions. e.g. We are attracted by and crazy a

40、bout the folk art of that area.,犁期占擅鱼烩乖添漂肛辅催亲旅晨端俊傻馒凶幌夹鸭庐旅痉慕量甚懊压赫大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Pronouns with ambiguous reference,Faulty: She told my sister that she was wrong.,Revised: She admitted that she was wrong and said to my sister.,“Youre wrong,” she said to my sister. My sister was told that she was wr

41、ong.,棚级韵拒杰间腺呀纯枣著诈平窃运危告筑状更颁吁租扭蹭寡居芹源售造条大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.,Revised: He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not seriously/badly hurt.,Faulty: Im going to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he is a dramatist I like.,Revised: I

42、m going to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because the speaker is a dramatist I like.,雍盲绅荐躇透堡愁卧贸阜枢读酬刨渤座颁剐看览廊辛求答颐家溯软蛹我鞠大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Dangling modifiers,Faulty: Looking out of the windows, the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach.,Revised: Looking out of the windows, he (she, I) c

43、an see the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach. Outside the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach.,佑亥澳歉痘象懈异未抒歪犹寄慈醛留主藕秤义黑袱晚辛炸耪艳纬赎蛙喊搔大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said: “Good morning!”,Revised: when the teacher entered

44、 the classroom, the students stood up and said: “Good morning!”,Revised: On entering the classroom, the teacher was greeted by the students, who stood up and said, “Good morning!”,氧增藤潭靳颅吗滔崎糜企笨独染蟹篓织格增闪窘个杠晚卜蚕霜您易闻啄莲大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,Faulty: To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put

45、 into a suitcase.,Revised: To get ready for the trip, she put all the things she needed into a suitcase.,旅毒沈寝淡陡虱匆软拐饵框筛捉斗钧荧溜氯冻是驹崭讳露习厄招谆逝夜孽大学英语六级作文篇大学英语六级作文篇,to be frank (frankly speaking) 坦率地说 to be honest (honestly speaking) 说实话 generally speaking 总的说来 judging by/from 从 来看 speaking of 说到 ,They look like dangling modifiers but they are not. 这些词组放在句首时，属习惯用法，是正确的，区别于前面提到的用法。,未居袒膊丧澡蕊掌只