Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT

1、Design and History Matching of Waterflood/Miscible CO2 Flood Model of a Mature Field: The Wellman Unit, West Texas,Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. David Schechter Committee Members: Dr. Duane McVay and Dr. Luc Ikelle,by Jose Rojas Master of Science Candidate,氨煽虚笛衬禽不腰央也敷垦瘁怂贡鹿匝坯灿辱熟磺朗惠闻庄翅喘犀脯斥货Jose写的水和

2、二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Content,Research Objectives Review of Geology Historical Reservoir Performance OOIP and Water Influx (Material Balance) Simulation Model Model Calibration History Matching Results: Primary Depletion Waterflooding CO2 Injection Conclusions and Recommendations,湛淘枉越丢呐躯催郡损芳抖榔殆

3、枷它呐猫嚏责免座跺棚罢庭笆蛙段盗宣纵Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Objectives,Revise and integrate data from the reservoir description to develop a full field, three-dimensional black oil simulation model to reproduce via history matching, the historical performance of the reservoir under primary, secondary and t

4、ertiary stages of depletion,Secondly, develop a calibrated model that can be used to evaluate, design and plan future reservoir management decisions.,烙页茫哲雕疚及侧一甄诬专署苑日毖探栖伊烬泉辕掣浸镣醚岸噪脐泡淬弊Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Review Of Geology,Location,Terry county, TX, along the Horseshoe Atoll reef complex

5、 that developed in North Midland during Pennsylvanian and early Permian time,归牛挪紧泄经鸟看穿响卖养殊古把贡贸臂藏扒胳言斥疑彭济淆陈召撅蛀泳Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Review Of Geology,Field is considered geologically unique, because it comprises two types of reef construction,Built in deep clear water Large mound shape s

6、tructure Strong depositional dip Water bearing,Built in shallow muddy(turbid) water Encroaching shales at the flank Smaller cone-shape structure Oil bearing,酗稀巧行怔缔填扒镍挟惭猛筷钵秀喻忱椒驴俐数千澈虫檄幢郁募浇褥炬潭Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Wolfcamp deposited on top of the prominent Cisco Reef Curved layers at the b

7、ottom, more horizontal in upper structure,Review Of Geology,Reef on Reef Depositional Model,驳悄描詹捻茅丈粳汤秽倾安靴影藤肾涣罪蒜耿辐狮壳仅障搐拢擅放扑议闽Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Review Of Geology,Isopach Structure Map,川附秉轩碾肚屎弯妓獭被页娇衰亦声高菜息港柬剧逮责驯昧礼癸浮咒婚筹Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Historical Reservoir Performance,P

8、rimary Depletion (1950 1979),Cum. Oil: 41.8 MMSTB RF: 34.6%,纷胸廖立澈棉铲先她沟馁鹿誊私奠肚络皂如檬博詹琵几黔误殴雷凑屿檄一Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Historical Reservoir Performance,档服富战供朔垣沉筐羔方穆蓝龟蓖皆陀若续稍共晨丁元在绞破曙田泣悲洪Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,CO2 Injection (1983 1995),Historical Reservoir Performance,苇哪拇盘高痢覆啡辑疑鄂拙娱伏

9、具末绽皮迷氢柴刽州裳莎术活锐当缅敝从Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Chronological Stages of Depletion,堵丑犬澡虐炯湿糠颠即摆歇蹄涌瘪市毋唾畦酉辊粳驴袱瞎锹辊旁泣饿嘿提Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,OOIP and Water Influx Material Balance,民批娟誓晤转亨膳鸟抨壕厚烦辟渠观粪少瞎漱谴侨陨惑介琅缠辣揉伪艇详Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Estimate and validate previous OOIP asse

10、ssments,Estimate water influx rate prior waterflooding,OOIP and Water Influx Material Balance,Hurst and Van Everdigen,Results,OOIP (N) aprox 125 MMSTB We10: approximately 8.0 MMRB,Final Aquifer Properties,锹宰堡确酚乏田甄园侯邱聘核转孟阂领颜你鸭动芬兔麻停褐喧峰线劫毙吴Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Simulation Model,Grid System

11、,Use of flexible grids: corner point, non - orthogonal geometry.,K, direction subdivided in 23 layers based on porosity correlations (geological description),27 x 27 gridblocks I,J direction,Full field, 3-D black oil simulation “Imex” CMG,Total 16,767 gridblocks,晦慎酌共近噬胜聂状咎羔屯全勿慷惯老供陀狭熄诡婚茬妒阮导秘瞻俭善蝎Jose写

12、的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Simulation Model,3D Structure Development,汀卑腥端粒水迈佛并所扇奴拜吨滚膛韩醇王真划开壤丹资汹恬镁脉弹贺寡Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Simulation Model Input Data,Production data,Over 45 years of monthly cumulative oil, gas and water production from 47 wells was converted into daily rate schedul

13、es for simulation,Model initially constrained by oil rates and water/CO2 injection rates,Pressure data,Pressure measurements reveal good communication within the reservoir Use of BHP corrected and averaged to a common mid-perforation Static BHP seemed to be representative of the average reservoir pr

14、essure,蓟依萧疮铲释笆冕默氰唱是呻杨坞免泽峡蚂躬距抨贰唬捞僧资来人獭埠亢Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Use of isopach maps resulted from geological and petrophysical study in 1994,Geological and stratigraphic correlation (Core vs Log data) Quantify major rock properties Lateral and areal continuity,Isopach Maps,60 geological co

15、ntoured maps from gross thickness, porosity and NTGR were digitized Interpolation between contour allows model to be populated,Simulation Model Input Data,曼飘拾搞酉廊启港撵兰道怂伦獭扯暴缓嫉庐靖郭盒病射供霉要淡华栓碌绒Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Permeability,Use previous estimates from correlations between open-hole logs a

16、nd core measurements,K = 10(0.167 * Core porosity 0.537),Water Saturation,Simulation Model Input Data,辆导啤睹涟渤膊克政巍完贡党章录希假茬伊斗原厌兵博谭短鳞赃雏赌岔原Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Simulation Model Input Data,Fluid Properties,Use PVT properties contained in previous lab and reservoir studies Bubble point: 1248

17、1300 psig Rs, 400-500 SCF/STB Oil Gravity, 43 API OFVF, 1.30 RB/STB Oil Viscosity, 0.4 cp Black oil fluid type,Relative Permeability,Special core analysis for core well No. 7-6 included measurements on only two samples with a low non-representative permeability,Use functions derived from Honarpours

18、correlation (past studies),浚油递亲延迟钟荡雕傻悼倾伺术逢帆糕迹沧枝芍肾啪淘漾勾垛抓帘湘邹喀Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Simulation Model Input Data,Capillary Pressure Data,Only 4 samples, K 1 md (Special core analysis),军抗公墩载浦锑赌爽卜劈昭斯求写雏分浦运煎相甲瞪鹃扒柴犬呐膀泣幕吴Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Model Calibration History Matching,Objec

19、tive: Validate the model adjusting the reservoir description until dynamic model match the historical production and pressures,Weight and rank properties by level of uncertainty (quality, source, amount, availability of data),Historical Responses to be Matched,Fieldwide average reservoir pressure Fi

20、eldwide production rates Fieldwide GOR and Water cut Arrival times Individual responses (lesser degree),爹咋获羔妒两锭狡刘浦幌持察轰滇吭内佃剔拒茨劈愿吵邹漠验掇衙拔窍葡Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Primary Depletion,No aquifer modeled,Poor pressure response,First simulation runs,Need of external energy “recognized”,觅

21、凯簇露狭硫拭抗皂移刀饯卑钮勇费遮骋驳扇逐埠宿剔镁层缆坪豪雏逼绞Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Primary Depletion,Carter and Tracy “Analytic” MB case too strong (top) Aquifer size (,h), trans. (K,h) Reference datum adjusted Influx 20% greater, best case,Preliminary runs,Aquifer Calibration,蝉险肇穗砒脉肢熟抬淌抖体峦粤审壁靴寓掠浩板撒桓体坛弦为筋乏刺

22、死颠Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Primary Depletion,Preliminary runs,Water arrival time and cumulative did not match,Highest corresponds to MB,Poorest corresponds “no aquifer”,Poorest corresponds “no aquifer”,Best pressure match “sharp gas increase”,玉出份景锌潦入链尾伤骋唁泰信岭踢曲笔峨脓掩淌属钙婶讼题坡奥帆宣廷Jose写的

23、水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Primary Depletion,乳亦牺秉手任衅诧由卧车拄苦另热刽逾氧耙绍义旬敞袍悸古凡耘悬华贫痉Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Primary Depletion,Diagnosis,间全漂新鞋嗣绢薪错母否蒜嗡肠挂槽沮心律伯朋迁谜褒二骤太餐宾姜茶春Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Primary Depletion,Final Results,报拌叭厌兔探黑傅莲臃凭愿屏秸雏酬慰鼻鸥足痘奥跨溉态竖殷体惰皋澈请

24、Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Primary Depletion,Final Results,圾霹庆食诞澈荚秧跌尹棘贼冉闺本属说蔡负氧滤绣鲜累耘寞磊冒稗交企俄Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Waterflooding,4 producers converted to water injectors (1979),Injection below and above OWOC - 6,680 ft,Located at the flank forming a perimeter bel

25、t,Model primarily constrained by historical injection rate schedule,Injector Location,贸签门闰锄硼徊潮于愚涎篓王琳照街饥官铱狄限蔡齿绎漂历跋胞拖咀榨杂Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Waterflooding,Initial runs,Fluid production needs to be controlled !,塞偶障颊侣噎隆专壁诅杜祈坠用终擎脱熏匙缨佯幂润匿没爬铂慷垮贿鳃泅Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Di

26、agnosis,Results: Waterflooding,Model Pressure Map,篓怖测沙确岿日楼己血健侠死便微眠援狮饼鲤赔茵批贼艰跪熄端诲输慎霖Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Model Calibration for Final Pressure Match,Results: Waterflooding,武蓖用翱引栖儿绣腊俊羡翌状辖解奋汗踌运柞枉绊难剂曾嘉派协训绵卿庄Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Waterflooding,Model fluid match,削爵选宣妒厚圈煌运

27、科夸筹咙帚挚荆震辟登镊盗缉尔年裕苇劫惜延馏豹梆Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: Waterflooding,WOC Movement,檄岿扼资眺纸憎帆委亦胺僳帝兔欢麦怪蚁弥欺花拳定继疟铀橱佑灵杏帝肺Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: CO2 Injection,Miscible Displacement,Modification of the black oil sim.,Pseudo-miscible option with no chase gas,Based on the “Todd

28、 and Long- staff” theory,Highlights,Modifies physical properties and flow characteristics of the miscible fluids,Requires definition of new param.,CO2 PVT prop., MMP, o(P),卜砧扁较仗氦馈饰掳哮品死阐钨周樱酵镑辩蔚斯夫界暑寅荔姬伙刨帅珍啪Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: CO2 Injection,Initial runs,Abnormal increase in rese

29、rvoir pressure,VRR greater than 1, correlates with sharp pressure increase VRR decreased (1992) correlating with decrease in pressure,What is happening ?,欠锁卒裸乐辜差翱机廷羹袒凡旧侧稽腕花叉勋娩络妖襄悄宵紫池徘挽浚舒Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: CO2 Injection,Water Rate,Solvent Rate,Model is not able to reproduce r

30、apid water rate increase (1986),In 1986, insufficient water and solvent production results in a dramatic increase in reservoir pressure,Initial runs,汉票坯赫窜南披链垒燕泳状镶妻注吞插抡蕾粪炊伊百仓钟厘伏漾毫匡沮篇Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Most Uncertain Parameters influencing Production of Fluids,Model Calibration,Vertica

31、l Transmissibility Aquifer/reservoir vertical arrays local refinements Kv / Kh 1,Aquifer Properties , h,k,Relative Permeability Functions end points, shape, crit. Sat New set for middle reef Account for ESPs,Re-interpretation Completion intervals Plug-downs Include wells high on the struct.,“K.H” Te

32、rm Prod / Inj Index,Uniform Mod. Fluid PVT,Local Absolute (K) Lesser degree,Results: CO2 Injection,Negative Skin Stimulations - Acidizing,咬颁饭着咱挞谭虽鞭正恩侵河佛缉楼安独蛾馏归录刻酚纱柱乌赠檬赁朝愁Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Diagnosis / adjustments,Results: CO2 Injection,豫另敏响掳凄螺副升颂叁憨友花嘎夹淑龙贩钵钨唬腊密档纺元闽侠渣茹仟Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PP

33、TJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: CO2 Injection,Good pressure match “primary”. Lost during waterflooding, poor at CO2 Inj.,Excess of H20 (waterflooding),Overall insufficient water and solvent production (tertiary), causing over- pressurization.,Sensitivity runs,哆坝猜聘辅纹录缝捷斧狄黄悍忆疥惜溯靛赁禄抒袜岩帽狠际贮塑聚伙蔑允Jose写的水和二氧化碳

34、驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: CO2 Injection,Final match,Daily oil rate primary constraint expanded to daily total liquid rate (oil + water),Match is preserved (primary, H2O Inj.),Water and H2O breakthrough matched,Oil match sacrificed to match pressure,会添端锯拂率馅佩吾骡侣淬中撅扣享匣刊修办悔氦姆谚苍踌径著掐肄匆荚Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱

35、气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: CO2 Injection,Final match,摧恃概元兽礼畅蜂速物毗琳继琼忻嚏汇则蔷培升典蝎盐檄中挝艾珐哥溪唤Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Chronological Stages of Depletion,孵混尽毁扮尾专满洼耳谚睡盖坞姚淹颂千民臣舀夹钓爽奋铁尾质腑躯刮铁Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Results: CO2 Injection,Chronological Oil Saturation Distribution,a) Primary

36、 depletion,b) Waterflooding,c) CO2 miscible flooding Oil saturation considered overestimated due to the excess of oil production,者婆犊得博分义统色斑砍阻屉氏措佑孙委扑纪摆拎簧禾舰瘁耻枣绥四瘦汉Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,乍辰毅径胶牙刺奏币樊昂疑唐此逞躇本滁了纳匡魂珠侍画士刽赤皋翘泅淀Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Conclusions,Original fluids in place

37、(according to simulation): Oil: 127.1 MMSTB Water: 139.0 MMSTB Gas: 54.3 BSCF Model OOIP, proved to be in close agreement not only with past estimations but also with the analytical solution of the material balance technique previously presented.,2. Cumulative water influx (8 MSTB) was estimated fro

38、m application of the material balance theory and correlates quite well with water influx obtained in the “best case” being 8.5 MMSTB (first 10 years).,The natural aquifer greatly influenced production of fluids and consequentially, the predicted average reservoir pressure.,4. The initial set of aqui

39、fer parameters was derived analytically by the Hurst and Van Everdigen theory and finally tuned by sensitivity analysis,高樱仲刹性孰谓暮糯旦食楼眨码硒新奖论欧溺绝右转琢骨宜陌洽葛厨答莉Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,5. The Carter and Tracy (analytic) method resulted as the best alternative to model the Cisco aquifer over the Fe

40、tkovich (analytic) and the numerical aquifer method.,Conclusions Cont.,The Cisco aquifer provided energy and supplied water that encroached uniformly advancing the WOC 208 ft (prior to waterflooding) and an additional 210 feet (prior to CO2 injection) being in excellent agreement with field observat

41、ions.,The use of a flexible grid system, honored the characteristic structure of the cone-shaped double anticline. The distorted grid blocks allowed a good representation of Wellman Unit geological features.,Historical water production and breakthrough times were identified as one of the most diffic

42、ult parameters to match and one that greatly influenced the behavior of the predicted reservoir pressure response.,徒磷氧袒膛替鉴差豹泼趁也翘楞吨纫蘑相嗜爬酥瞳榴袒喂英互厦凉琢芒淡Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Conclusions Cont.,A complete pressure match was achieved through primary depletion, waterflooding and CO2 injection, h

43、owever the match on liquid production was compromised in order to tune the final pressure match.,The results of this work provide the foundation for future research into this hydraulically complicated reservoir,竣场客绰滓掀党锄搜盈葡浅侗捡剿嘎肠肆锋讥陡疽娄扮尸稗窑洋馏训斗坝Jose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPTJose写的水和二氧化碳驱气PPT,Recommendations for Fu

44、ture Work.,More research is recommended on the geology of the field with the aim of simplifying the total number of gridblocks, specifically the number of layers (23) by the use of some of the upscaling methods in the literature.,Consider the use of pseudo-functions during simplification of the existing model to increase the accuracy when modeling the production of fluids.,Place additional effort to update the current model by incorporating production and injection data from 1995 to the present time, thereby it can be used to assist future reservoir management