Unit 11(课件7).ppt

1、现在完成时,have/has + 动词的过去分词,（小结）,1.定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用.,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从

2、句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.,2. has/have been to have/has gone to have/has been in,去过某地表示某人的一种经历,可once,twice,already,ever,never等连用.,去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用.,1.where is Jim? He Wuhan. 2. My parents the Great Wall twice. They like there v

3、ery much. you ever to the Happy valley? How long Peter the West Hill farm? My sister the shop. She will be back in two hours. She Shanghai. She isnt here. She Shanghai. She is here. She Shanghai for two years,has gone to,have been to,Have,been to,has,been in,has gone to,has gone to,has been to,has b

4、een in,3.already - yet 已经 用于肯定句 用于否定句，疑问句,She has not seen this film . She has seen this film. I have combed my hair. Have you combed your hair . He has watched a video. He has not watched a video .,4. 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词,英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,l

5、eave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句,初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过 去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two yea

6、rs ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续 性动词,come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a c

7、old join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member,常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:,1、 吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy-have Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2003. It is two years since Jim bought this pen

8、. It has been two years since Jim bought this pen. Jim bought this pen two years ago.,2、 李雷自从2003年就参军。 3、那部电影开始30分钟了。 4、自从两年前这家商店就开了。 5、那个老人已经死了五年了。 6、莉莉六年前就离开家了。,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连用. 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,

9、和现在不发生关系. 5.现在完成时中的 for 与 since for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since + 时间点/从句 I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago.,It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意: 1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时 2.

10、when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用. 3.have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但have got=have has got=has,1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last,isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far,spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the univ

11、erse. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away from B.has leftC.has been away from D.went away 5.Mr and Mrs Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached,6.-Wheres Mary? -Oh,she _the library.A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to 7.Im not feeling well.Ive caught a cold for three days. A B C D 8.Tom has caught a bad cold for days and he has stayed in bed since last Saturday