定语从句 (1).ppt

1、定语从句,Attributive Clause,三大从句： (1)定语从句：在句中修饰名词，代词或者句子，充当 (2)名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语成分。 e.g. That they are good at English is known to us all. (3)状语从句：主要包括时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、让步、方式和比较状语从句,在句中充当状语。,定语从句 () 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词、代词或句子，在句中作定语。 2、位置：一般置于被修饰词之后 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 4、关系词：引导

2、定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 (*没有what) 5. 种类：分为限定性和非限定性定语从句,形容词性从句,一、关系代词,注意关系代词和普通代词的区别 普通代词：只是起替代的作用； 关系代词： 代替先行词 在定语从句中充当一定的成分 连接主句和从句 2. 先行词和关系代词的种类：,关系代词=连词+代词,3、确定关系代词的步骤 （1）先看先行词指的是什么，人还是物 （2）看关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所充当的成分。 （3）确定关系代词的人称和数。,它的时态不

3、受主句的限制。,The woman who(that) spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. The women who(that) are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.,4. 各种关系代词的使用方法： who, whom 先行词为人，who 在从句中充当主语或宾语；whom充当宾语。如关系代词前面有介词，只能用whom: 介词+whom This is the teacher _ teaches us maths. She is the teacher _ I met at t

4、he party. She is the girl _ I am interested in. She is the girl in _ I am interested. that That 和who在很多情况下可以通用。 下列情况宜用who, 不用that a. 先行词为one, ones, anyone时,One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth. Anyone who fails to finish the homework should give me an explanation. b. 先行词为those 时 The a

5、rmy tried to dig out those who were trapped. c.一个句子有两个定语从句，一个关系代词用的that，另一个宜用who The boy that you met last night is the monitor who studies very hard. d. 在there be开头的句子中 There is an old man who wants to see you., whose 是代词的所有格，既可以代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book whose cover is red. -Please show me t

6、he book the cover _is red. Ill call a person whose father knows you. - Ill call a person the father _knows you. which 非限定性定语从句中只能用which；关系代词前面有介词时：介词+which；两个定语从句一个用了that，另一个用which You are late again, which makes the teacher angry. This is the hotel _ he works. This is the novel _I borrowed from the

7、 library _was newly built.,of which,of whom,in which, that 只用在限定性定语从句；一般情况下，指物时可以和which 互换。 The money _ in the wallet is mine. The money _ my mother gave me yesterday has been used. 只用that 不用which 的情况： 先行词有all, much, little, something, anything, nothing, none, the one 等不定代词的时候 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰 先行词被t

8、he only, the very, the last 修饰时 先行词有人又有物时,that/ which,that/ which/ 省,e. 主句是who或者which 开头的疑问句时 f.在限定性定语从句中做表语，并带有类比含义时 e.g. He is no longer the star that he was. g. 有两个定语从句，一个用了which，另一个用that, as as引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、表语或宾语，代替整个句子，位置可以置于句首，句中，句末。,常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned

9、 above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等,As we know, Taiwan belongs to China. As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.,注意定语从句用as和which引导的异同 同:均可用于引导非限制性定语从句； 均可以修饰整件事情 异:意义上：as 含有“正如/就像一样”。 位置上：as 从句位置灵活 ，可置句首，也可在另处。 e.g. He didnt pass the exam,

10、 as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat.,b.as的常用于句型： the same as ;suchas ;as many/much as e.g.Such books as you bought are useful. The wallet is just the same as I lost the other day. 注意区别: such that 引导的结果状语从句。 e

11、.g.They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引导定语从句。 e.g. I want to use the same tool that you used just now.,7. 关系副词when与where、why、that when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from which why指原因 = for which *why不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用for which *没有how,I know the

12、 reason _he came late.This is the place _we lived for 5 years.I will never forget the day _I met Mr Liu.,(1)Imagine life as a game _ you can play with five balls. You name them work, family, health, friends and spirit. （2）Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over

13、 the plane. (3) I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but could not write a good essay. (4) I am sure that you will love our new best-seller, _ you can read some good novels in simple English. (5) Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is

14、 an activity _sight matters more than hearing.,This is the house _he stayed last year.This is the house _he visited last year.I thought of the happy days _I studied in Beijing.I have never forgotten the day _we spent together This is the reason _ he explained for his absence. This is the reason _ he

15、 was absent. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. That is the point _ we dont agree on.,看先行词在定语从句中充当的成分。 看从句的谓语动词是及物还是不及物动词,关系代词 和关系副词的选择：,1.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which 2.This

16、is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which,介词填空： 3.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high. 4.In the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice. 5.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures. 6.What w

17、ere the things_which he was not too sure? 7.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech. 8.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading. 3. at 4.of 5 in 6. about 7. at 8. for,8.关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 关系词前介词的选择 方法一：部分介词选择取决于定语从句中的动词，看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(动词的固定搭配) 方法二：部分介词取决于被定语从

18、句修饰的先行词，将先行词带入从句，看选则哪个介词 方法三：可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断，将先行词带入从句中（结合生活实际）,9.特例！ 极少数定语从句中出现了介词+关系副词from +where 1.China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. from that B. from here C. from there D. from where 2.They stood at the window, _ they could see what was ha

19、ppening in the street. A. Where B. which C. from where D. from which,10.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。 e.g. Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语),11. 定语从句中的隔离现象 1. The film brough

20、t the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. where D. when 2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what,12.在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子，要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分使用它们. A:

21、 （1）There are two boys in Peters，both of whom are white （2）There are two boys in Peters，and both of them are white 析：句（1）是含有定语从句的复合句。 句（2）因为有并列连词and所以是并列句。,B: （1）This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet （2）This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet. 析：句（1）是由关系

22、副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，这时的 where也可以由at which代替。 句（2）是由连接副词where引导的地点状语从句，这时的where不可以由介词which代替。,C: （1）Here is such a heavy stone as I cant move （2）Here is such a heavy stone that I cant move it 析：句（1）是定语从句，先行词前有 such修饰时用as引导，as在定语从句中作move的宾语。 句（2）是suchthat引导的结果状语从句。,D: （1）As is known to us all，t

23、he light on the earth is given by the sun （2）It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun 析：句（1）是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，这时的定语从句的位置很灵活，可以位于句首，句末或插在句中。as代替整个主句，在定语从句中充当主语。 句（2）是含有主语从句的复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。,E: （1）The news that he told me is true （2）The news that he will come bac

24、k from the U.Sis true 析：句（1）是that引导的定语从句， that在定语从句中作told的直接宾语。也可以由which代替。 句（2）是that引导的同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，只起连结作用，但一般不能省略，也不能用which代替。,1.A.Is this the factory_you visited last year? B.Is this factory_you visited last year? a.that b.where c.in which d.the one 2.A.Dont discuss questions such_thos

25、e. B.Lets discuss only the questions_ we are interested in. a.which b.that c.as d.about which 3. A. All_I need is a good rest. B. _I need is a good rest. a. What b. All what c. That d.Which,4.A.Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower. B.Pisa is a city,_there is a leaning tower. a.which b.that c.where

26、d.there 5. A. It is in a box_I have hidden my money. B. Well go_we are needed. a.that b.in which c.where d.in it 1. a d 2. c b 3. c a 4. a c 5. a c,Ex: 1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. thatC. where D. it 2. Where did you get to know he

27、r? It was on the farm _ we worked. Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere 3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom,4. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy. A. that B.which C.

28、 what D. whom 5. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read AthatBwhatC.which DWhether 6. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that,7.Pop music is such an important part of society _