动名词-chen.ppt

1、什么是非谓语动词?,He likes swimming.,He likes to swim in the summer.,He went into the classroom, carrying many books.,He went into the classroom, surrounded by many students.,动名词通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，不定式通常表示具体的动作,动名词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,非谓语动词,(to) do infinitive,V-ing,done past participle,动名词 现在分词 gerund present participl

2、e,一、动名词与现在分词 动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。 这两种形式的相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，都能担当句子成分。,1动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别是:,作表语的动名词可以把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为:Swimming is my hobby。,现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.,2动名词和现在分

3、词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词表动作或性质 试比较: a swimming boy一个正在游泳的男孩 a swimming suit游泳衣 现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者动名词swimming表示suit 的用途,This is a swimming boy. This is a swimming pool.,现在分词,动名词,动名词表示用途 现在分词表示主动进行的状态,The story is interesting. The story is talking about his life.,现在分词还表示令

4、人怎么样,动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,动名词 doing ( Gerund),具有名词的性质， 表示名词的用途, 相当于一个名词.,X,X,to tell the use of a noun. as subject. after “be”. after preposition.,A Gerund can be used :,1. A Gerund is used to tell the use of a noun.,Shanghai Sewing Machine,Para.1,2. A Gerund is used as a subject.,1) This kind

5、of advertising might not be suitable. 2) Some advertisements may suggest that buying a car can make you free. 3) Repeating old ideas is not a successful approach. 4) Using humor to surprise people is important. 5) Not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.,Para.2,Para.3

6、,Para.4,Para.4,Para.5,3. A Gerund is used after “be”.,1) The main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money. 2) By doing this, they hope to make people forget that someone is trying to sell them something.,Para.4,Para.4,4. A Gerund is used after a preposition.,1). A lot of money i

7、s spent on applying modern techniques. 2). Because of the advertising boom, people are used to seeing high standards of visual design. 3). Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas. 4).By doing this, they hope to make

8、people forget that someone is trying to sell them something.,Para.2,Para.3,Para.3,Para.4,5). Not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 6). There are public advertisements which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood, protecting the environme

9、nt, and helping other people. 7). The government has worked hard at using advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, helping the poor, giving up smoking.,Para.5,Para.5,Para.5,Smoking is bad for ones health.,1.动词所表示的行为是泛指抽象的行为. 谓语动词用单数.,一.动名词作主语：,Swimming is a good sport in

10、summer.,It is a waste of time persuading him to join us.,2.经常用it 作形式主语,把动名词(真主语)置于句后。,It is no good learning without practice.,It is +n./adj. + doing,There is no point quarreling with him. 跟他吵架是没有意义的。,There is no use writing to him.,It is no use writing to him .,There/it is no use doing sth. 做是没有用的,

11、Its a waste of time doing ,Its a waste of time arguing about it.,而在Its important / Its necessary 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如： Its important to learn foreign languages.,动名词或动名词短语作主语的特点： 1.谓语动词用单数 2.动词所表示的行为是泛指抽象的行为 3.形式主语: It is + n. /adj.+ doing It /There is + no + doing,二. 动名词作表语,My job is teaching.,2. 眼见为实.,Se

12、eing is believing.,1. 我的工作是教学.,动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义.,My job is teaching. =Teaching is my job.,三.动名词作定语,a fishing pole,a swimming pool a swimming boy,a walking stick,a sleeping car a sleeping child,四. 动名词作以下动词或介词的宾语 dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, appreciate, avoid, con

13、sider, delay, mind, practice, prevent, imagine, suggest, cant help,动名词还常常跟在介词后，作介词的宾语。常见的有：,He insisted on seeing us off.,look forward to, insist on, succeed in, how about,dream of / feel like/ look forward to / depend on / devote to / get (be) used to/ be fond of / be tired of / give up,2.他建议我再呆一天.

14、,He suggested my staying for another day.,1.你喜欢散步吗?,Do you like taking a walk?,五. 逻辑主语用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词,They will come. It was a big surprise.,Coming to help was a big surprise.,Their coming to help was a big surprise.,你介意我用下你的电脑吗？,Would you mind _using your computer?,他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。,_ smoking made his

15、 family angry.,His,my,形容词性的物主代词,_ being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。A. Mary B. Marys,B,名词所有格,在need, want, require等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义相同, 这时主语一般是物，如：,The door needs repairing.,The door needs to be repaired.,Exercises,1. Im an early bird, and Ive got used to _ (get up) at 5:00 a

16、.m. 2. There is only one programme worth _(watch) today - the science programme on volcanoes. 3. Its no use _(worry) about it. You can t do anything to change it. 4. I regretted _ ( not apologise) to the old man for my bad behaviour.,getting up,watching,worrying,not apologising,5. My little niece an

17、d nephew are always excited to set out on a _ (camp) trip. 6. For fifty years, she did her job without _. (complain). 7. _ (Ask) about other peoples personal business is not polite. 8. I dont feel like _ (do) anything at all this evening.,Asking,camping,complaining,doing,一、动名词的形式,动名词的完成形式与被动形式,动名词的一

18、般形式通常表示一般性动作, 即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作. 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式. He didnt mention having met me. I regret not having taken her advice., 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式， 如：He did it without being asked. He didnt mind being left at home. They couldnt stand being treated like that.,注：如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的成被动形式，如： I dont remember having ever been given such a chance.,有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed t