Action Research in Education.ppt

1、Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Research in Education,Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Jack Whitehead, Action Research, Principles and Practice, McNiff, 1988, ix,We must find a way of bridging the traditional divide between

2、educational theory and professional practice.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Definition (1),Action research is a research that ANY of us can do on his/her own practice to improve it. It can be conducted with the assistance or guidance of professional researchers in order to

3、improve strategies, practices, and knowledge of the environments within which they practice.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Definition (2),Action research is a process in which participants examine their own educational practice, systematically and carefully, using the techn

4、iques of research.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,What is action research?,Action research can be described as a family of research methodologies which pursue ACTION (or Change) and RESEARCH (or Understanding) at the same time.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Che

5、bbi, FIU,What is AR? (Contd),Action research is inquiry or research in the context of focused efforts to improve the quality of a PRACTICE. It is typically designed and conducted by practitioners who analyze the data to improve their own practice. Action research can be done by individuals or by tea

6、ms of colleagues. The team approach is called collaborative inquiry. Action research has the potential to generate genuine and sustained improvements in schools.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Why AR?,AR gives educators new opportunities to reflect on and assess their teachi

7、ng; To explore and test new ideas, methods, and materials; To assess how effective the new approaches were; To share feedback with fellow team members; To make decisions about which new approaches to include in the practice.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Participatory Actio

8、n Research (PAR),PAR is research involves all relevant parties in actively examining together current action (which they experience as problematic) in order to change it and improve it. They do this by critically reflecting on the historical, political, cultural, economic, geographic and other relev

9、ant contexts. It aims to be active “Team-Research”, by and for those to be helped. It cannot be used by one group of people to get another group of people to do what they think is best for them ; AR is genuinely democratic or non-coercive (By practitioners for practitioners) Reference Wadsworth, Y.

10、(1998),Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,How Action Research is Done?,Using a Cyclic or Spiral process which alternates between Action and critical Reflection, and Continuously refining methods, data and interpretation in the light of the understanding developed in the earlier

11、cycles.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Characteristics of A.R.,It is an emergent process which takes shape as understanding increases; It is an iterative process which converges towards a better understanding of what happens; It is participative (Change is usually easier to

12、achieve when those affected by the change are involved) and qualitative.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Why AR?,It is participatory ; It is “from within” and not from an external “Experts eye” Very real “presences” can emerge in the dynamically unfolding relations which can

13、teach us new ways of conducting our practice.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Why AR? (Contd),It is the most logical way of doing research on societal and community issues. Sometimes, it does not make sense to go to an outsider ,with often shaky or no knowledge of the given s

14、ituation, thinking that with a few questions, he/she can get enlightening answers. It is difficult to grasp the issues of a group or community by an outsider who has limited interaction with the group.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Key Topics,Purposes and uses of Action Res

15、earch Types of action research designs Key characteristics of action research Steps in conducting an action research study Evaluating an action research study,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,What is action research?,Action research is systematic inquiry done by teachers (or o

16、ther individuals in an educational setting) to gather information about, and subsequently improve, the ways their particular educational setting operates, how they teach, and how well their students learn (Mills, 2000).,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,When do you use action r

17、esearch?,To solve an educational problem; To help educators reflect on their own practices To address school-wide problems When teachers want to improve their practices,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,How did action research develop?,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tare

18、k Chebbi, FIU,Action research designs,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Practical action research: The Research Spiral (Mills, 2000),Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Participatory action research,Participatory: people conduct studies on themselves Practic

19、al and collaborative Emancipatory (Challenges procedures) Helps individuals free themselves from constraints found in media, language, work procedures, and power relationships Reflexive focused on bringing about change in practices,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Resea

20、rch Interacting Spiral,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Key characteristics of Action Research,A practical focus The educator-researchers own practices Collaboration Dynamic process A plan of action Sharing research,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Pract

21、ical focus,A problem that will have immediate benefits for Single teacher Schools Communities,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Study of the educator-researchers own practices,Selfreflective research by the educator-researchers turns the lens on their own educational classroom,

22、 school, or practices.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Collaboration,Administrators,Staff,Teachers,Students,Parents,Community Stakeholders,Collaborative Team,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,A dynamic process,Dynamic process of spiraling back and forth

23、among reflection, data collection, and action Does not follow a linear pattern Does not follow a causal sequence from problem to action,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,A plan of action,The action researcher develops a plan of action Formal or informal; involve a few individua

24、ls or an entire community May be presenting data to stakeholders, establishing a pilot program, or exploring new practices,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Sharing research,Groups of stakeholders Local schools, educational personnel Local or state individuals Not specifically

25、interested in publication but in sharing with individuals or groups who can promote change,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,The problem is only one phase in which to enter,Identifying “Problem”,Collecting Data,Evaluating Existing Data,Taking Action,Point of Entry,Point of Entr

26、y,Point of Entry,Point of Entry,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,What are the steps in conducting action research?,Determine if action research is the best design to use. Identify the problem to study Locate resources to help address the problem Identify the information you wi

27、ll need,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Taxonomy of action research data collection techniques,Action Research Data Collection Techniques (The Three Es),Experiencing,Enquiring,Examining,(By observing),(By asking),(by using records),Participant Observation (Active participant)

28、,Passive Observer,Informal Interview,Structured formal Interview,Questionnaires,Attitude Scales,Standardized Tests,Archival documents,Journals,Maps,Audio and Videotapes,Artifacts,Fieldnotes,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,What are the steps in conducting action research?,Impl

29、ement the data collection Analyze the data Develop a plan for action Implement the plan and reflect,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,How do you evaluate action research?,Does the project clearly address a problem or issue in practice that needs to be solved? Did the action res

30、earcher collect sufficient data to address the problem? Did the action researcher collaborate with others during the study? Was there respect for all collaborators?,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,How do you evaluate action research?,Did the plan of action advanced by the res

31、earcher build logically from the data? Is there evidence that the plan of action contributed to the researchers reflection as a professional? Has the research enhanced the lives of the participants by empowering them, changing them, or providing them with new understanding?,Action Research - Power P

32、oint by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,How do you evaluate action research?,Did the action research actually lead to change or did a solution to a problem make the difference? Was the action research reported to audiences who might use the information?,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU

33、,10 Coping StrategiesJean McNiff, Action Research, Principles and Practice, McNiff,1988, 144-145,1. Dont Give Up2. Enlist the Help of Colleagues3. Keep a Positive Attitude4. Be Prepared to Compromise5. Be Generous6. Go Public7. Join a Local Action Research Group8. Establish a Reputation for Success9

34、. Publish Reports in Journals10. Have Faith in Your Own Knowledge.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,10 Guidelines for TeachersFullan and Hargreaves (1991), quoted in Change Forces, Fullan, 1993, 144,Locate, listen to and articulate your inner voice Practice reflection in actio

35、n, on action, and about action. Develop a risk-taking mentality. Trust processes as well as people. Appreciate the total person in working with others. Commit to working with colleagues. Redefine your role to extend beyond the classroom. Push and support principals and other administrators to develo

36、p interactive professionalism. Commit to continuous improvement and perpetual learning. Monitor and strengthen the connection between your development and students development,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Improving School Effectiveness Using the PDSA Cycle and The Action P

37、lan,Carlos Viera Miami-Dade Count Public Schools,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Plan-Do-Study-Act,An approach to process analysis and improvement. Involves constantly defining and redefining the customers needs and want

38、s. PDSA is a versatile tool that can be used for planning, problem solving, and decision making- to solve problems in the classroom.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Benefits of PDSA Instructional Cycle,Teachers have flex

39、ibility in how to teach by focusing on what to teach. It emphasizes key skills for every student and allows them to retain skills in order to build higher skills. It encourages collaboration among teachers, students, and instructional support staff. It promotes active learning and student involvemen

40、t in the learning process.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,It places the ultimate responsibility of learning on the learner It aligns planning, instruction, assessment, and support towards students performance. It is data driven so it removes subjectivity. It contributes to c

41、limate of achievement and success. It is a proven approach that achieves results.,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,The Eight-Step Process,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,An Example: The PDSA Cycle at the School Site,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr.

42、 Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,AR Links,http:/educ.queensu.ca/projects/action_research/15quote.htm,/mryder/reflect/act_res.html,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Research (Geoffrey E. Mills, 2nd Edition

43、),Slides from Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,A Comparison of Traditional Research and Action Research,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Action Research engages teachers in a four-step process Identify

44、an area of focus Collect Data Analyze and interpret data Develop an action plan,Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,The values of critical action research dictate that all educational research should be socially responsive as well as: Democratic- Enabling participation of people

45、Equitable- Acknowledging peoples equality of worth Liberating-Providing freedom from oppressive, debilitating conditions Enhancing-Enabling the expression of peoples full human potential (stringer,1993 p.148),Action Research - Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,The Process of Action Research,Actu

46、ally try the process to convince yourself that the investment of time and energy are worth the outcomes Recognize that action research is a process that can be undertaken without negatively affecting your personal and professional life Seek support from your professional colleagues,Action Research -

47、 Power Point by: Dr. Tarek Chebbi, FIU,Clarifying a General Idea and an Area of Focus,Statement/Observation: Students do not seem to be engaged during teen theater productions Questions: How can I improve their engagement ? Statement. Observation: Students take a lot of time to learn problem solving in mathematics, but this proc