高考英语语法教学摘要及练习 第11章 虚拟语气.pptx

1、安乡三中2013届高考英语复习资料语法教学摘要及练习,第11章 虚拟语气,编制人：何新武,语气是动词的一种形式。 它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。,1. 虚拟语气的基本概念,英 语的三种 语 气,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,陈述语气用来陈述事实，表示肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等。 The earth moves around the sun. He said that his father was not at home. Can hard work change a person that much? What an excellent idea it is!,祈使语气用来表示命令、

2、请求、劝告等。 Stop talking! Do come to see us tomorrow. Dont forget what I said.,虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等。 If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.,虚拟语气谓语动词的形式主要是 过去时形式（一般过去

3、时，过去完成时，过去将来时和过去将来完成时等） (should)动词原形 但其含义与原来的时态不同,虚拟语气主要用于 非真实条件句 几种固定句式 表建议、要求、命令等的名词从句,条件句,if从句（假设情况）,主句（推测结果）,+,2.条件句 (不要和条件状语从句混淆）,(1) If it rains tomorrow (2) If I were a bird,I will stay at home I could fly.,真实条件句： 如（1）,假设和推测很有可能发生 。,非真实条件句： 如（2），假设和推测与事实相反或者发生的可能性很小。,3.真实条件句：假设和推测有可能发生。,If he

4、 runs hell get there in time 如果他跑步去就会及时赶到那里。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它会抓你。 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.,主句的变化 除if+一般现在时+一般将来时外，可能是： （a）if+一般现在时+maymight（可能性） If the fog gets thicker the plane maymight be diverted 如果雾再大，飞机就可能改飞别的机场降落。（也许飞机确实会改飞别的机场降落。）,if

5、从句(一般现在时)+主句(一般将来时),A.基本形式,B .变化形式,（b） if+一般现在时+ may（允许）can（允许或能力） If your documents are in order you maycan leave at once 如果你的证明文件都齐备了你可以马上就走。（允许） If it stops snowing we can go out 如果雪停了我们就可以出去了。（允许或能力）,（c）if+一般现在时+must，should或任何表示命令、请求或劝告的形式： If you want to lose weight you mustshould eat less brea

6、d 如果你想减轻体重，你必须应该少吃面包。 If you want to lose weight you had better eat less bread 如果你想减轻体重，最好少吃面包。 If you want to lose weight eat less bread 如果你想减轻体重，少吃面包。 If you see Tom tomorrow could you ask him to ring me？ 如果你明天见到汤姆，你能让他给我打个电话吗？,（d）if+一般现在时+一般现在时 if+两个一般现在时可以用来表示自动产生或照例会产生的结果： If you heat ice it tu

7、rns to water 如果把冰加热，它就化成水。（也可以用will turn。） If there is a shortage of any product prices of that product go up 如果某种产品短缺，那种产品的价格就上涨。,从句的变化 if+一般现在时可能用下列时态替代以表示条件： （a）if+现在进行时，表示现在的动作或将来的安排： If you are waiting for a bus youd better join the queue 如果你是在等公共汽车，你最好排队。（现在的动作） If you are looking for Peter yo

8、ull find him upstairs 如果你是在找彼得，到楼上就会找到他。（现在的动作） If you are staying for another night Ill ask the manager to give you a better room 如果你还要住一夜，我就请经理给你安排一个好一点的房间。（将来的安排）,（b）if+现在完成时： If you have finished dinner Ill ask the waiter for the bill 如果你吃完了，我就叫侍者来算帐。 If he has written the letter Ill post it 如果他

9、写完了信，我就把它寄走。 If they havent seen the museum wed better go there today 如果他们没参观过那个博物馆，我们今天最好去那里。,+ 动词原形,would should could might,+have +过去分词,would should could might,+ 动词原形,would should could might,4.用于非真实条件句的虚拟语气（熟记表格，注意主从句分开记）,should在主句中，只用于第一人称。但在从句中should可用于各人称，表示可能性很小，可译作“万一”，且常和祈使句搭配。 If you sho

10、uld have any difficulty ring this number 万一你遇到什么困难，请打这个电话号码。 If it should rain tomorrow we would not go camping. 如果明天万一下雨，我们就不去野营了。,注意,would，could和might用于主句的各人称，其词义不同。 If you tried again you would succeed 要是你再试一试，你会成功的。（可靠的结果） If you tried again you might succeed 要是你再试一试，可能会成功。（可能的结果） If I knew her

11、number I could ring her up 要是我知道她的号码，就能给她打电话。（能力） If he had a permit he could get a job 要是他有许可证的话，就能/可以找到工作。（能力或允许）,Jack is a daydreamer（空想家）. He imagines what would happen if he won the lottery.,Lets read the daydreamers dream,I have a dream,1. If I won the lottery, I would be rich. 2. If I were ri

12、ch, my life would change completely. 3. I would buy a lonely island, if I found a nice one. 4. If I owned a lonely island, I would build a huge house by the beach. 5. I would invite all my friends if I had a house by the beach. 6. I would pick my friends up in my yacht /jt/ 游艇 if they wanted to spen

13、d their holidays on my island. 7. We would have great parties if my friends came to my island. 8. But if my friends holidays were over, I would feel very lonely on my lonely island.,Jack is a daydreamer. He imagines what would happen if he won the lottery.,1.If I had a map I would lend it to you 我要有

14、地图就借给你。（但我没有地图。关于现在的虚拟。） 2.If someone tried to blackmail（敲诈）me I would tell the police 如果有人企图敲诈我，我就向警察告发。 （但我想不会有人敲诈我。关于将来的虚拟。） 3.If I lived near my office Id be in time for work 要是我住的离办公楼近，我上班就不会迟到。 （但我不住在办公楼附近。关于现在的虚拟。） 4.If I were you Id plant some trees round the house 如果我是你的话，我就会在房子周围种一些树。 （但我不

15、是你。关于现在的虚拟。）,练习1.翻译下列句子，并指出虚拟的类型。,5.If I dyed my hair blue everyone would laugh at me 要是我把头发染成蓝色，大家就要笑我了。 （但我不想染它。关于将来的虚拟。） 6.If I had known you were coming Id have met you at the airport 要是我早知道你要来的话，我就会在机场接你了。 （但我不知道，所以我也没去。关于过去的虚拟。） 7.If he were to succeed, everything would be all right. 如果他将来成功了，

16、一切都会好的。 （但他不会成功。关于将来的虚拟。） 8. If he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train. 如果他早点起来，他就能赶上那趟火车了。 （但他没有早起。关于过去的虚拟。）,练习2.用动词的合适形式完成下列句子。,If I had time, I (attend ) the meeting. If I (be) you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. I didnt see your sister at the party last night, If she (co

17、me) she (meet) me. 4. If you came tomorrow, we (go) camping . If it were (rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If they go to Washington, they (see) the White House. If he (arrive) later, he will take a taxi. If he (drive) more carefully yesterday evening, he ( not be) in hospital now

18、.,would/ should attend,were,had come,would have met,would go,to rain,had driven,would not be,will see,arrives,5. 错综时间条件句,解题的步骤：一分句子（从句、主句），二看时间（过去、现在、将来），三定形式（见表格）。 假如你现在不住院，我们明天就和朋友们一起度假了。 If you in hospital now, we the holiday with our friends tomorrow. （从句是关于现在的虚拟，主句是关于将来的虚拟。） 如果你没有出车祸的话，我们下周就能搬进

19、新公寓了。 If you a car accident, we into the new flat next week. （从句是关于过去的虚拟，主句是关于将来的虚拟。）,were not,would spend,had not had,could move,练习2的第8题，从句表示的动作和主句发生的动作在时间上不一致：从句“If he had driven more carefully yesterday evening”与过去事实相反，而主句“he would not be in hospital now”与现在事实相反。这种句子可称为“错综时间条件句”或 “混合条件句”。,1.If it

20、 (snow) last night, it (be) very cold today. 2.If I (ask) her for advice yesterday, I (know) what to do now. 3.You (be) much better now if you (take) the doctors advice. 4.If my parents (not force) me to come , I shouldnt be here now. 5.If they (start) early this morning, they would get home tomorro

21、w afternoon. But they started at 3p.m.,练习3.用动词的合适形式完成下列句子。,had snowed,would be,had asked,should know,would be,had taken,hadnt forced,had started,练一练：用动词的合适形式完成下列句子 I was ill that day. Otherwise, I (take) part in the sports meet.（副词） (2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I (kn

22、ow) nothing about it. （连词）,有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。接着练：,would have taken,would have known,含蓄条件句,(4) Everything taken into consideration, （独立主格） they (raise) their output quickly. = If everything had been taken into consideration, ,(3) I (give) you more help, but I was too busy.（

23、连词）,might have given,would have raised,(5) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for 等。如： What would you do with a million dollars? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the rain, we would have finished the work.,=If you had a million dollars, what would you do

24、?,=If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, ,=If it hadnt been for the rain, ,拓展 If it werent for和If it hadnt been for 意为“要不是(有)” 。如： 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要不是医生救了他，他就死了。 If it hadnt been for the doctor, he would have died. 常与but for, without等替换。如： 要不是

25、有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。 If it hadnt been for your assistance we wouldnt have succeeded. =But for your assistance we wouldnt have succeeded. =Without your assistance we wouldnt have succeeded.,在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were, had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。 1) If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. =Had

26、I seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2) If I should have time, I would go with you. =Should I have time, I would go with you. 3) If it were to rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.,7.虚拟条件句的倒装,若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后。（不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，should

27、nt，hadnt置于句首。） 1) If I were not so busy, I would go with you. = Were I not so busy, I would go with you. 2) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. 3) If it were not for lacking money

28、, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now.,.,8.几种特殊句式的虚拟语气,1）wish 的宾语从句 （与非真实条件句基本相同）,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将来事实相反: would/could +动词原形 （不用should / might）,I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that

29、. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。,if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所用虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如： If only I were slim. If only he hadnt said that. If only it would stop raining. If only I werent so nervous. 但愿我不这样紧张。 If only I had listened to your advice! 我要是听了你的劝告就好了!,注意 wis

30、h to do；wish sb / sth to do。如： I wish to see the manager.我希望见一见经理。 = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once.我希望经理能马上得到消息。 = I want the manager to be informed at once.,2）if only后的句子用虚拟语气,3）as if /as though 引导的从句（与非真实条件句基本相同）,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将来事

31、实相反: would/could /might+动词 原形（不用should ）,He talks as if he were a teacher. She talked about Rome as though she had been there herself. He coughed twice as if the teacher would come.,当表示的情况是真实的，或实现的可能性较大的时候， as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词可以用陈述语气。比较： She looks as if she is sick. (可能或的确是病了） She looks as if s

32、he were sick. (实际上没有病）,4）It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时候. (做某事)”,sb. did,sb. should do （should不能省）,Its (high / about) time that you went / should go.你该走了。 Its time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were) I think its time you made up her mind. 我想你该拿定主意了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should

33、 take measures to protect the environment. 是时候采取措施来保护环境了。,比较 It is time (for sb.) to do sth. Its time for you to go. It is time for us to take measures to protect the environment.,9.名词性从句的虚拟语气 形式：(should) 动词原形 作用：主要表示命令、要求、建议等具体内容。,1) 宾语从句。表命令、要求、建议等动词后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将shoul

34、d省略。 常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三条建议：advise, suggest, propose 四项要求：demand , require, request, ask,1.我们建议我弟弟留在家里。 2.他坚决要求我和他在一起。 3.父亲命令我照看好他。 4.母亲要求我们不打架。,We suggested that my brother .,He insisted that I with him.,Mother requested that we .,Father ordered that I .,(should) stay at home,(s

35、hould) be,(should) take good care of him,(should ) not fight,练一练,2)以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句(包括主语从 句，表语从句和同位语从句)也要使用虚拟语气。从 句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. (主语从句) My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. (表语从句

36、) All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. (同位语从句),It is important that we should speak politely. 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。 It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。 It is necessary that I should return it right now. 我有必要马上把它还回去。 It is not necessary that everyone

37、 be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。 Its strange that he should be so rude. 他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。 Im surprised that he should have failed. 他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。 Its a pity that he should have failed the exam. 他考试竟没及格，真是遗憾。,拓展：形容词important, impossible, necessary，strange等后的主语从句通常用should +动词原形的虚拟语气形式。,判断改错： You pale face

38、 suggests that you（should）be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you（should）be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.,注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。翻译 下列句子：,（错）,（错）,（对：表明）,（对：坚持认为）,He insisted that I had read his letter. He insis

39、ted that I should read his letter.,他坚持说我看过他的信。,他坚持要我看他的信。,1. Mr Li required the computer equipment referred _ used in every classroom. A. should be B. have to beC. to beD. to being 2. Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. Who is Yang Liwei? What a question! It is surprising _the first spa

40、ceman in China. A. you didnt know our national hero B. to you not to know him C. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about him 3. What courses are you going to do next term? I dont know. But its about time _ on something. A. Id decideB. I decided C. I decideD. Im deciding 4. One of the

41、 requirements for the fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature. A. is heatedB. will be heatedC. would be heaterD. be heated,C,英语虚拟语气考题专练,C,B,D,5. Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studiesB. studiedC. has studied D. had studied 6. My deman

42、d is that the information referred to in my report _ to Mr. Brown without delay. A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailedC. be e-mailed D. being e-mailed 7. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A.would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 8. Without electricity human life _ quite d

43、ifferent today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 9. If he had not gone out in the storm, he _ alive now. A will beB. would be C. would have been D. is 10. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had knownB. would know C. should know D. knew,C,C,D,B,D,D,11. But

44、for the party, he _ of hunger fifteen years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have diedD. must die 12. I would have come earlier, but I _that you were waiting for me. A. didnt knowB. hadnt know C. would have knownD. havent known 13. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _

45、 two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. giveB. should give C. be givenD. would be given 14. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he _ an Englishman. A. wereB. would be C. have beenD. had been 15. We _ our lives had it not been for the policeman. A. would have

46、 lostB. should lose C. might loseD. had lost,A,A,C,A,A,16. _ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been 17. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _ all right. A. wouldbeB. would have been C. wer

47、e D. may be 18. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 19. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a g

48、oal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 20. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had,B,A,B,D,B,1.【2012全国卷II】 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money. A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need 2

49、.【2012重庆】25.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 3.【2012全国】30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 4.【2012北京】33. We _ the di

50、fficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 5.【2012福建】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited,2012高考英语单选题: 情态动词与虚拟语气,A,C,D,C,D,6.【2012陕西】17. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. s