初中英语阅读理解之猜词技巧

1、阅读技能训练 猜测词义 How to guess the meaning of words?,A French student goes to London for his holiday. He knows a little English, but he cant speak it very well. One day he goes to a restaurant. He wants to have some eggs, but he cant remember the English word for “egg”.,He looks around and sees a picture

2、of a hen. He shows the picture to the waiter. “ What do you call her children?” he asks. “Chicks, sir.” “ And what do you call chicks before theyre born?” “ Eggs, sir.” “Very well,” says the French student. “ Give me two eggs and a cup of tea, please”.,If you meet the new words when reading, what wi

3、ll you do ?,Pay no attention and continue reading.,Look them up in the dictionary.,Guess the meaning.,How ?,阅读理解题目的设置方式,理解词句含义型 考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的，但语言是活的东西，做这类题时，考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义，即利用所熟悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理，有时还需要依据常识和经验。 （1）The word “” in the passage probably

4、means_. （2）The underlined word “” in the passage refers to _. （3）In the story the underlined word “” means_. （4）Here “” means_. （5）The expression/phrase “” means_. （6）The word “”is close in meaning to _.,1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person. 2. When the little boy finished, his father

5、was speechless. 3. If some athletes use drugs, it is unfair to the others.,一 根据构词法猜词,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-, im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。,dis+honest,speech+less 说不出话的,un+fair,利用构词法进行猜测,根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心) careful(小心的) carefully (小心地); write(写) rewrite (改写)。,un- ; dis-;-less : ; mis-

6、: ; re-: -ern: -er ,-or, -ist : ;,2. 根据“合成词”猜测。 如school + bag schoolbag down+stairs downstairs,不无,错误,再,重复,重新,表方向,表示人,The ways of guessing the new words in context:,1. It will be very hard but also very brittle that is , it will break easily. 2. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, stu

7、dents who take tests for other students. 3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.,二 根据释义猜词,释义常由定语从句或由is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called，be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。,脆的,冒名替考者,日历,三 根据同义词关系猜词,He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more careful

8、ly, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. 2. Your ideas are so nebulous that they are not clear to me.,and , or , such as, like, for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。,匆忙的,不清楚的,四 根据对比和转折关系,1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 2. He had been getting be

9、tter but during the night his condition deteriorated.,表转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though 等。,小结,热的,恶化,1.The clock is so accurate that it will never lose a second in more than 200 million years. 2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she wa

10、s using the wrong key.,徒劳的，无效的,五 根据因果关系猜词,精确的,常用关联词如: because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so that, such that 等表示前因后果。,六 根据生活常识或经验,1. In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry. 2. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought. 3. The snake slithered through the grass.,嫁妆,旱灾,爬行, 滑行,How to guess the meaning of words?,Lets try!,1. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from t