英国文学史 狄更斯.ppt

1、Charles Dickens,1812 - 1870,The greatest representative of English critical realism.,0803班,Life Experience Major Works Distinct Features of His Novels,His Life Experience,Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth and spent most of his childhood in London and Kent, both of which appear freq

2、uently in his novels. His father， a poor clerk in the Navy Pay office， was put into the Marsalsea Prison for debt when young Charles was only 12 years old. The son had to give up schooling to work in an underground cellar at a shoe-blacking factory - a position he considered most humiliating. We fin

3、d the bitter experiences of that suffering child reflected in many of Dickenss novels. In 1827， Charles entered a lawyers office， and two years later he became a Parliamentary reporter for newspapers. From 1833 Dickens began to write occasional sketches of London life， which were later collected and

4、 published under the title Sketches by Boz 博兹札记（1836）。,返回,14 novels and a number of short stories a most complete and realistic picture of English society of his age the highest achievement in the 19th-century English novel behind the gloomy pictures of oppression and poverty behind the loud humor i

5、s his gentleness, his genial mirth, and his simple faith in mankind,博兹札记（ Sketches by Boz ） 1836年 匹克威克外传（ The Pickwick Papers ） 1836年 雾都孤儿（ Oliver Twist ） 1837年-1839年 尼古拉斯尼克贝（ Nicholas Nickleby ） 1838年-1839年 老古玩店（ The Old Curiocity Shop ） 1840年-1841年 巴纳比拉奇（ Barnaby Rudge ） 1841年 美国纪行（ American Notes

6、 ） 1842年 圣诞颂歌（ A Christmas Carol ） 1843年 马丁翟述伟（ Martin Chuzzlewit ） 1843年-1844年 董贝父子（ Dombey and Son ） 1846年-1848年 大卫科波菲尔（ David Copperfield ） 1849年-1850年 写给孩子看的英国历史（ A Childs History of England ）1851-1853年 荒凉山庄（ Bleak House ） 1852年-1853年 艰难时世（ Hard Times ） 1854年 小杜丽（ Little Dorrit ） 1855年-1857年 双城记

7、 （ A Tale of Two Cities ） 1859年 远大前程（ Great Expectations ） 1860年-1861年 我们共同的朋友（ Our Mutual Friend ） 1864年-1865年 艾德温德鲁德之谜（ The Mystery of Edwin Drood ） 未完成，1870年,The first period,18361841, period of youthful optimist: fun, high spirit, naive optimism At this stage Dickens believed that all the evils

8、of the capitalist world would be remedied if only men treated each other with kindliness, justice, and sympathetic understanding. Dickens thought that the whole social question would be solved if only every employer reformed himself according to the model set by the benevolent gentlemen in his novel

9、s. This naive optimism is characteristic of the petty-bourgeois humanitarians of his time.,Major Works,1) Sketches by Boz 博兹札记, the first book 2) The Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传 3. Oliver Twist 奥克佛特维斯特 /雾都孤儿 4. Nichols Nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克尔贝 5. The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 6. Barnaby Rudge 巴纳比拉奇,1842-1850, Per

10、iod of excitement, irritation and frustration: exposing the corrupting influence of wealth and power, optimism turned into dissatisfaction and irritation Dickens s second period began from 1842, the year after his first visit to America. Before the visit, Dickens thought of the United States as a wo

11、rld in which there were no class divisions and human relations were humanitarian. But what impressed him most during his visit there was the rule of the dollar and the enormously corruptive influence of wealth and power. Dickens s naive optimism toward the capitalist society was profoundly shaken.,T

12、he second period,Major Works,1) American Notes 美国札记 2) Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁朱述尔维特 3) A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌 4) The Chimes教堂钟声 5) The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀(以圣诞为题材, 具有浓郁宗教色彩。) 6) Dombey and Son董贝父子 7) David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔,The third period,1851-1870，a period of steadily intensifying pessimism, sh

13、owing underlying tone of bitterness, loss of hope for English bourgeois society In his novels of this period, Dickens, consciously and subconsciously, shows himself more and more at odds with bourgeois society .,Major Works,1) Bleak House 荒凉山庄 2) Hard Times 艰难时世 3) Little Dorrit 小杜丽 4) A Tale of Two

14、 Cities 双城记 5) Great Expectations 远大前程 6) Our Mutual Friend 我们的共同朋友 7) Edwin Drood (unfinished) 艾德温德鲁德之迷,A Tale of Two Cities,In “ A Tale of Two Cities ” Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel, and the “two cities” are Paris and London in the time of that revolution.,A Ta

15、le of Two Cities-Plot,Two aristocrats（贵族） ask Dr. Manette to visit a patient Dr. Manette（梅尼特） writes an account of the atrocity and delivers it to the Minister of State Dr. Manette is seized by the two aristocrats and imprisoned in the Bastille Dr. Manette is released after 18 years Darnay（代尔纳） is b

16、rought to trial and released after a year He is charged and re-arrested and sentenced to death within 24 hours A man named Sidney Carton （卡尔登）saves Darnay with his own life,A Tale of Two Cities,Subject: the French Revolution Theme: Where there is oppression, there is revolution. The fate of Dr. Mane

17、tte is typical of the bourgeois intellectuals who had hoped for a revolution, but retreated before the French Revolution The novel shows that the peoples lust for vengeance is the direct product of the ruling classes monstrous atrocities The novel takes the side of the common people against that of

18、the privileged classes. It adds a warning of an Avenging Fate.,It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was

19、the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way-in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being rec

20、eived, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. 那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔天堂，我们全都在直奔相反的方向-简而言之，那时跟现在非常相象，某些最喧嚣的权威坚持要用形容词的最高级来形容它。说它好，是最高级的；说它不好，也是最高级的。,Distinct Features of His Novels,(1) Characte

21、r Sketches & Exaggeration In his novels ，there are about 19 hundred figures, some of whom are really such typical characters under typical circumstances that they become proverbial or representative of a whole group of similar persons. As a master of characterization, Dickens was skillful in drawing

22、 vivid sketches by exaggerating some peculiarities, and in giving them exactly the actions and words that fit them: that is, right words & right actions for the right person.,Distinct Features of His Novels,(2) Broad Humor & Penetrating Satire (尖锐的讽刺) Dickens is well known as a humorist as well as a satirist. He sometimes employs humor to enliven a scene or lighten a character by making