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1、Exercise collections for BiochemistrySection one: noun explanation1. Primary structure of protein2. Secondary structure of protein3. Tertiary structure of protein4. Quaternary structure of protein5. Motifs6. Domains7. Molecular chaperones8. Cooperativity9. Protein denaturation10. Primary structure o

2、f DNA11. Secondary structure of DNA12. Nucleosome13. Ribozyme14. DNA denaturation15. Melting temperature16. DNA renaturation17. Nucleic acid hybridization18. Enzyme19. Multienzyme system20. Multifunctional enzyme21. Holoenzyme22. Coenzyme23. Prosthetic group24. Vitamine25. Essential group of enzyme2

3、6. Active center of enzyme27. Activation energy28. Specificity of enzyme29. Induced-fit hypothesis30. Initial velocity31. Michealis constant (Km)32. Optimum temperature and Optimum pH33. Inhibitor of enzyme34. Irreversible inhibition35. Reversible inhibition36. Competitive inhibition37. Activator of

4、 enzyme38. Activity of enzyme39. Zymogen (Proenzyme)40. Activation of zmogen41. Competitive inhibition42. Allosteric regulation43. Covalent modification44. Indution and repression of protein biosynthesis45. Isoenzymes46. Enzyme coupled assays47. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay48. Glycolysis (narro

5、w sense)49. Glycolytic pathway50. Substrate-level phosphorylation51. Aerobic oxidation of glucose52. Pastuer effect53. Glyconeogenesis54. Gluconeogenic pathway55. Substrate cycle56. Cori cycle (lactate cycle)57. Pentose phosphate pathway58. Favism59. Glycogenesis60. Glycogenolysis61. Activated gluco

6、se62. Cascade system63. Three-carbon pathway64. Blood sugar65. Essential fatty acids66. Fat mobilization67. Hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase68. Lipolytic hormone69. Anti-lipolytic hormone70. -Oxidation of fatty acid71. Ketone bodies72. Citrate-pyruvate cycle73. Blood lipid74. Lipoprotein75. LCA

7、T and ACAT76. LDL-receptor metabolic pathway77. Reverse cholesterol transport78. Biological oxidation79. Citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)80. Oxidation-reduction potential (redox potential)81. Electron transport chain (Respiratory chain)82. Oxidative phosphorylation83. P/O ratio84. Respir

8、atory control85. Uncouplers86. Photosynthesis87. The light reactions88. The dark reactions (carbon-fixation reactions)89. Photosystem90. Essential amino acids91. Complementary effect of food proteins92. Putrefaction of proteins93. Ubiquitination marker94. Metabolic pool of amino acids95. Transaminat

9、ion96. Oxidative deamination 97. Conjunctive deamination98. Purine nucleotide cycle99. Alanine-glucose cycle100. Ornithine cycle (urea cycle)101. One carbon unit102. Methionine cycle103. The nitrogen cycle 104. Biological nitrogen fixation105. Nitrogen assimilation106. de novo synthesis of purine nu

10、cleotaide107. Salvage pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide108. Anti-metabolite of nucleotide synthesis109. Central dogma110. DNA replication111. Semi-conservative replication112. Semi-discontinuous replication113. Replication forks114. Replicon115. Prepriming complex116. Leading strand and lagging stra

11、nd117. Klelow fragment118. Okazaki fragments119. Reverse transcription 120. Mutation121. Spontaneous mutation122. Mutagenesis123. DNA damage124. Point mutation125. Deletion and insertion126. Frame-shift mutation127. DNA Repair128. Transcription129. Structural gene130. Asymmetric transcription131. Co

12、ding strand132. Heat shock proteins (Hsp)133. Transcription bubble134. Pre-initiation complex (PIC)135. Split gene136. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)137. Splicesome138. Exon139. Intron140. rDNA141. Translation142. Genetic codon143. Open reading frame (ORF)144. Degeneracy145. Wobble146. Acti

13、ation of amino acid147. Shine-Dalgarno sequence (ribosomal binding site)148. Ribosomal cycle149. Transpeptidase and Translocase150. Release factor (RF)151. Polyribosome152. Folding of nascent polypeptide chain153. Protein targeting154. Signal sequence155. Signal peptide156. Signal recognition partic

14、les (SRP)157. Antibiotics158. Inteferon (IF)159. Genome160. Gene expression161. Temporal specificity (stage specificity)162. Spatial specificity (tissue specificity)163. Housekeeping geng164. Constitutive geng expression165. Induction and repression166. Coordinate expression167. Operon168. Pribnow b

15、ox169. Cis-acting element170. Hogness box171. Trans-acting factors172. Transcriptional factors (TF)173. Heat shock response174. Enhancer175. Homologous recombination (general recombination)176. Conjugation177. Transformation178. Transduction179. Site-specific recombination180. Transposition181. DNA

16、cloning (molecular cloning)182. Recombinant DNA technology183. Target gene184. Restriction endonuclease185. Palindrome186. Cloning vector187. Expression vector188. Plasmid189. Genomic DNA library190. cDNA library191. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)192. Competent cell193. Transformed cell194. Gene di

17、agnosis195. Gene therapy196. Signal transduction197. Synaptic signal (neurotransmitter)198. Endocrine signal (endocrine hormone)199. Paracrine signal (local chemical medium)200. Autocrine signal201. Intracellular signaling molecule202. Secondary messenger203. Tertiary messenger204. Receptor205. Liga

18、nd206. Protein kinase A (PKA)207. Protein kinase C (PKC)208. Calmodulin (CaM)209. Tyrosine-protein kinase (TPK)210. ALA synthase211. Erythropoietin (EPO)212. Biotransformatin213. Primary bile acids214. Secondary bile acids215. Bile acids Enterohepatic circulation216. Bile pigments217. Conjugated bil

19、irubin218. Unconjugated bilirubin219. Bilinogen enterohepatic circulation220. JaundiceSection two: single selection1. Which of the following is coding amino acid? ( )A. Cystine B. TyrosineC. Ornithine D. Citrulline2. The amino acid containing a hydroxyl group is ( ).A. Glutamate B. Phenylalanine C.

20、Tryptophan D. Tyrosine3. The amino acid containing a sulfhydryl group is ( ).A. Ser B. Cys C. His D. Met E. Thr4. The amino acid containing a imidazole(咪唑)group is ( ).A. Trp B. TryC. His D. Phe E. Arg5. The amino acid which does not exist in natural proteins is ( ).A. cysteine B. citrullineC. methi

21、onine D.glycine E. lysine6. The amino acid occurring at turn structure of a peptide chain is ( ).A. proline B. CysteineC. glutamate D. methionine E. alanine7. The structural level that functional proteins have at least is ( ).A. primary structure B. secondary structureC. tertiary structure D. quater

22、nary structure E. to link with prosthetic group8. The chemical bond to maintain primary structure of proteins is ( ).A. peptide bond B. hydrogen bond C. hydrophobic bond D. salt bond9. Which of the following structure does the myoglobin have? ( ).A. primary structure B. -helix C. -pleated sheetD. te

23、rtiary structure E. quaternary structure10. Which of the following can be called an oligomeric protein?A. insulin B. lactate dehydrogenaseC. Myoglobin D. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex11. Which of the following is not a conjugated protein.( )A. albumin B. dehydrogenaseC. hemoglobin D. lipoprotein12.

24、 Which pH solution of the following does serum albumins (pI = 4.7) have positive charges in? ( )A. pH4.0 B. pH5.0 C. pH6.0 D. pH7.0 E. pH8.013. Essential of protein denaturation is ( ).A. break of peptide bonds B. rupture of hydrogen bondsC. break of secondary bonds D. rupture of disulfide bonds14.

25、The base is found in mRNA but not in DNA is ( ).A. A B. C C. G D. T E. U15. The common composition of DNA and RNA is ( ).A. D-ribose B. D-2-deoxyribose C. guanine D. uracil E. thymine16. Essential of DNA denaturation is ( ).A. break of phosphodiester bonds B. rupture of hydrogen bondsC. break of sec

26、ondary bonds D. destruction of base stacking17. If the content of base A is 15% in a double strand DNA molecule, that of base C is ( ).A. 15% B. 35% C. 55% D. 75% E. 85%18. The higher the melting point of the DNA, the higher its content of ( ) base pairs.A. A + T B. A + G C. C + T D. G + C19. Accura

27、te description about hnRNA is ( ).A. as long as mRNA B. primary mRNAC. found in cytosol D. capable of catalysis itself 20. The 5 end of mRNA in most eukaryotes has ( ).A. SD sequence B. cap structure C. poly A D. initiation codon21. The codon (encoding Ala.) in mRNA reversely complementary pairing w

28、ith anticodon UGC in tRNA is ( ).A. ACG B. AUG C. GCA D. GCT E. TCG22. Nucleic acid rich of the minor (稀有) bases is ( ).A. mRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. snRNA23. An enzyme facilitates chemical reaction by ( ).A. increasing the free-energy difference between reactants and products.B. decreasing the free-en

29、ergy difference between reactants and products.C. lowering the activation energy of the reaction.D. raising the activation energy of the reaction.24. In eukaryotes, the major RNA of participation in hnRNA splicing and transport is ( ).A. snRNA B. snoRNA C. scRNA D. rRNA25. The specificity of enzyme

30、is determined by ( ).A. coenzyme B. apoprotein C. prosthetic group D. metal ion26. In vivo, which of following vitamins can be converted into NAD+and NADP+? ( )A. VitB1 B. VitB2 C. VitB6 D. VitPP27. Which VitB of the following is the composition of CoA? ( )A. Riboflavin B. Folic acidC. Pantothenic a

31、cid D. Biotin28. VitB which can act as a prosthetic group directly without conversion is ( ).A. VitB2 B. Folic acidC. Pantothenic acid D. Biotin29. If the enzymatic velocity is 90% of Vmax, S should be ( ) times of Km.A. 4.5 B. 9 C. 8 D. 5 E. 9030. The effect of competitive inhibitor on enzyme-catal

32、yzed velocity is ( ).A. Km increased, Vmax unchangedB. Km decreased, Vmax decreasedC. Km unchanged, Vmax decreasedD. Km decreased, Vmax increasedE. Km decreased, Vmax unchanged31. Which of the following is the competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase? ( )A. Malate B. Malonate C. Oxaloacetate

33、 D. Pyruvate32. Analog of sulfonamide is ( ).A. folic acid (FA)B. dihydrofolic acid (DHFA)C. tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA)D. paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA)E. glutamate33. The effect of noncompetitive inhibitor on enzyme-catalyzed velocity is ( ).A. Km increased, Vmax unchanged B. Km decreased, Vmax decr

34、easedC. Km unchanged, Vmax decreased D. Km decreased, Vmax increased,E. Km decreased, Vmax unchanged34. Which of the following is not the mechanism for enzymic activity regulation in cells? ( )A. Binding of regulatory peptides via disulfide bondsB. ProteolysisC. Covalent modificationD. Induced chang

35、ed in conformation35. Which amino acid residue does the covalent modification in th form of phosphorylation takes place in? ( )A. Phe B. Cys C. Lys D. Trp E. Ser36. The physiological significance of zymogen activation is ( ).A. to accelerate metabolism B. to resume enzyme activity C. to facilitate g

36、rowthD. to avoid self damage E. to protect enzyme activity37. Metabolic pathway which proceeds within cytosol is ( ).A. Gluconeogenesis of glycerol B. TACC. Ketogenesis D. Urea cycle38. Metabolic pathway which proceeds within cytosol and mitochondria is ( ).A. Heme synthesis B. TACC. Ketogenesis D.

37、Biosynthesis of cholesterol39. Key enzyme of glycolytic pathway is ( ).A. Hexokinase B. GlucokinaseC. Phosphofructokinase D. Pyruvate kinase40. Which coenzyme in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex serves as the final hydrogens acceptor? ( )A. FAD B. lipoate (硫辛酸)C. NAD+ D. TPP41. Reason that mature eryt

38、hrocyte rely on glycolysis for energy is ( ) in the cells.A. anaerobic condition B. no mitochondriaC. lack of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex D. no microsomeE. lack of -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex42. Major significance of gluconeogenesis is ( ).A. to enhance utilize glucose B. to facilitate c

39、onversion of glucose into triacylglycerolC. to maintain the invariance of blood glucose levelD. to increase the glycogen synthesis in muscle43. Which pathway of the following is related to nucleic acids synthesis? ( ).A. GlycolysisB. GluconeogenesisC. pentose phosphate pathwayD. Glycogenolysis44. Th

40、e direct donor of glucosyl group in glycogenesis is ( ).A. CDPG B. GDPG C. UDPG D. G-1-P45. Reason that muscular glycogen can not supply the blood sugar is lack of ( ).A. hexokinase B. PFK C. pyruvate kinaseD. pyruvate carboxylase E. G-6-Pase46. The hormone which can decrease the blood glucose is (

41、).A. glucagon B. glucocorticoid C. adrenalin D. Insulin47. Which of the following is essential fatty acid in nutrition? ( )A. palmitate B. linoleate C. palmitoleate D. stearate48. The rate-limting enzyme in the -oxidation of fatty acid is ( ).A. acyl CoA synthetase B. carnitine acyltransferase IC. c

42、arnitine acyltransferase II D. acyl CoA dehydrogenaseE. hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase49. The compound which can not be converted into glucose is in animals. ( ).A. lactate B. pyruvate C. glycerol D. fatty acid E. glycine50. In liver, large numbers of acetyl CoA derived from fat mobilization convert

43、mainly into ( ).A. glucoses B. cholesterols C. fatty acidsD. ketone bodies E. cholesterol esters51. Rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of ketone bodies is ( ).A. thiolase B. HMG-CoA synthase C. HMG-CoA lyase D. -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase52. Under condition of starvation, the major fuel for th

44、e brain is ( ).A. blood glucose B. fatty acidsC. ketone bodies D. amino acids53. The acetyl CoA required for the synthesis of fatty acids is derive from ( ).A. fat mobilization B. -oxidation of fatty acidsC. degradation of amino acids D. glycolysisE. degradation of glucoses54. The rate-limting enzym

45、e in the synthesis of fatty acid is ( ).A. acyl CoA synthetase B. pyruvate carboxylaseC. acyl CoA carboxylase D. PEP carboxykinaseE. fatty acid synthetase55. Rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis is ( ).A. HMG-CoA synthase B. HMG-CoA reductaseC. HMG-CoA lyase D. LCAT56. When fatty acids are

46、synthesized, the mechanism of acetyl CoA transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol is ( )A. citric acid cycle B. malate shuttle C. Cori cycleD. pyruvate-citrate cycle E. glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle57. The compound which can not be oxidized into CO2 and H2O in vivo is ( ).A. linoleate B. lact

47、ate C. glycerol 3-phosphateD. cholesterol E. acetoacetate58. Which of the following phospholipids is also called cephalin? ( ).A. Phosphatidylcholine B. PhosphatidylethanolamineC. Phosphatidylserine D. Phosphatidylinositol59. The activated choline required for the lecithin biosynthesis is ( ).A. ADP

48、- choline B. CDP- choline C. GDP- choline D. UDP- choline60. Which enzyme of the following can ApoAI activate? ( )A. LPLB. LCATC. hepatic lipaseD. adipose tissue lipaseE. pancreatic lipase61. Which lipoprotein of following are the endogenous triacylglycerols transported by? ( )A. apolipoprotein B. C

49、M C. VLDL D. LDL E. HDL62. Which of the following plasma lipoproteins can transport the cholesterol from other tissues to the liver? ( )A. CM B. VLDL C. LDL D. HDL63. The coenzyme in -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex which finally receives two hydrogens removed from the substrate is ( )A. FAD B.

50、lipoate C. HSCoA D. NAD+ E. TPP64. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes hydrogen removal from metabolites, the latter being directly transported through the respiratory chain of succinate oxidation? ( )A. lactate dehydrogenaseB. acyl CoA dehydrogenaseC. malate dehydrogenaseD. -ketoglutarate dehy

51、drogenaseE. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase65. In the following reactions, which step can produce most number of ATP through TAC and OP? ( )A. malate oxaloacetateB. succinyl CoA malateC. citrate isocitrateD. isocitrate -ketoglutarateE. -ketoglutarate succinate66. The primary factor which co

52、ntrol the rate of oxidative phosphorylation is ( ).A. concentration of substrate oxidized B. rate of CACC. ADP D. NADH E. O267. The energy storing form in skeleton muscle and brain is ( ).A. ATP B. GTP C. UTPD. creatine phosphate E. phosphoenolpyruvate68. The primary manner for the deamination of amino acids in muscle involves ( ).A. purine nucleot

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