名词性从句全归纳.ppt

1、名词性从句,在复合句中的句法功能与名词相同，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 名词性从句一律用陈述句语序。,引导名词性从句的连接词,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where,

2、 how, why,从属连词that在名词性从句中，不担任任何成分，没有词义，有时可以省略。,由 that 引导的主语从句时。 that不能省略: That we shall be late is certain. 2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的) 3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会) that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子.,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,从属连词whether.在名词性从句中不担任任何成分，但有词义，做“是否”解一般不可省略。在宾语从句中，常用if 来代替whe

3、ther. 。但若宾语从句做动词discuss或介词的宾语或后面紧跟有or not，则只可用whether。（注意，在其他名词性从句中表示“是否”之意时，只用whether.）,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：,1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置） 应当用whether，不用if，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure.,2. 引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如： The quest

4、ion is whether you should accept it.,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：,3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money.,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下

5、列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：,4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential.,连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 在名词性从句中都担任成分，都有词义，都不

6、能省略。 连接代词what常可在主、宾、表语从句中担任主、宾、表语（不用来引导同位语从句）。,引导名词性从句的that和what,That引导主从,宾从,表从时在句中无词义,只起连接作用.引导宾语从句时that可省略.引导主语从句时常用形式主语it代替主语从句.what引导主从,宾从,表从时,不但起连接作用,而且有具体意义,意为the things that (which)所.的人或物.简言之,从句中如果主语或宾语都不缺少时,连接词用that,否则用what.,The fact is that we are far behind the developed countries in scien

7、ce and technology. The village is no longer what it used to be ten years ago.,从宾语从句 object clause 说开去: The object clauses can be divided into the following groups 宾语从句可分为如下几类, 这种分类方法也同样适用于其他几种名词从句:,1.陈述句分句,由无实际意义的 that 引导, that 常可省略. We do not agree (that) the computer helps us a lot. 2.一般疑问句分句,由 wh

8、ether 或 if 引导. I cant tell whether/if hes coming or not.,3.特殊疑问句分句,由关系代词或关系副词引导. I wonder who has taken my dictionary. Have you found out where the trouble lies? 4.感叹分句,由 what 和 how 引导. I remember what a fine voice she had. He was astonished to find out how fast she could run.,a. It + be +形容词+ that-

9、从句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显,用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。,b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that人们相信 It is known to all that 从所周知 It has been decided that 已决定,用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,c. It + be +名词+

10、 that-从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that 似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,练习:用it充当形式主语,That we shall be late is certain. - 1. Th

11、at the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. -,Its known to all that the earth is round.,That you missed the chance.,Its certain that we shall be late.,注意： It is said that. It is believed that. 等句型是固定用法,其中的主语从句不可以放在句首.,同位语从句,在句中作同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句.它用以进一步说明与它同位的名词所表示

12、的具体内容.常可带同位语从句的名词有:advice,belief,doubt,dream,hope,idea, knowledge,message,news,order,possibility,promise,problem,question,suggestion, thought,truth,view,wish,word等。,同位语从句的连词一般有that和whether.在某些连词后面有时亦可用连接副词how,when,where,why等.,同位语和定语从句定语从句的区别,1.同位语从句进一步说明前面名词的具体内容;定语从句则对其先行词起修饰,限制的作用,起句法功能相当于一个形容词. 2

13、.引导同位语从句时没有词义,也不在从句中担任成分,但不能省略,而引导定语从句时则代表先行词的词义,在从句中必须担任成分,作宾语时常可省略.,试比较: Mike told me his idea that we had better go to the teacher for help. The idea (that) Mike told me just now is very good.,同位语从句,定语从句,他们问我到哪里去寻找所需要的书. 我不知道这工作是否值得做.,They asked me the question where they can find the books neede

14、d.,I have no idea whether the work is worth doing.,3.和引导的从句前面的名词如果分别表示时间、地点或原因,则为关系副词,引导定语从句;否则是连接副词,引导同位语从句.,Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. I have no idea where we should hold the meeting.,定语从句,同位语从句,1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. whi

15、ch C. what D. how 2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that,4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what 5.This is _ she w

16、as born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what 8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D

17、. what 9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where,10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 1

18、2._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where 15.The problem _ it is right or wrong ha

19、s not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if,16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where,Good-bye!,名词性从句 by Will Smiles,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句的功能,功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类,引导名词性从句的连

20、接词,可分为三类： 1.连接代词that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）,引导名词性从句的连接词,2.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。 3.连接副词：when, where, how, why,引导主语从句不可省略的连词：,介词后的连词 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略,同位语从句,在一个更长的句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。 同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如： The fact that she is ill should b

21、e considered.,同位语从句一般在下列词的后面,belief, fact, fear, hope, idea, news, problem, reason, result, possibility等。如： I have no idea when he will return.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,引导同位语从句的连词除that外，还可以用how, when, where, why, 等。 He cant answer the question how he got the money.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,I should like to know the reason

22、why you changed the plan. I have no idea when she will be back.,主语从句,在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious,主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,因而我们常见到这种句式： It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（that, whether,etc.) 例：Its a pity that you should have to leave.

23、It is great that I have a teacher like you.,whether与if均为“是否”,但下列情况下只用whether ： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. 引导表语从句,The question is whether hell come.,3. whether从句作介词宾语 Im not sure about whether well win. 4. 从句后有or not Whether you like it or not, you ll have to do it.,表语

24、从句,在另外一个句子中作表语的句子叫表语从名。 The fact is that he has not been seen recently.,宾语从句,在另一个句子中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。 I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.,宾语从句,Now I want to know what I can do. John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday,名词性从句,主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句,名词性从句动画讲解,高三英语总复习

25、语法系列训练,名词性从句,一、引导名词性从句的连接词,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why,不可省略的连词： 1.

26、介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）应当用whether，不用if，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure. 2. 引导表语从句用whe

27、ther，不用if，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or no

28、t. 5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如： The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential.,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go.,二、 名词性that-从句,1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。 名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：,主语：That he is still alive is

29、 sheer luck. 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.,2）that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如： It

30、is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. Its a pity that you should have to leave.,a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显,b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that人们相信 It is known to all that从所周知 It has been decide

31、d that 已决定,c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,三、名词性wh-从句,1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, wh

32、oever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如： 主语：How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes. 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语：My question is who will take over

33、 the president. 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.,2）wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.,四、if, whether引导的名词从句,

34、1）yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：,主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 宾语：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday. 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 同位语：They are investig

35、ating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass the exams.,2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheor not构成,如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I dont care whether you like the pl

36、an or not.,五、否 定 转 移,1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。 注意：若谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesnt seem

37、 that they know where to go. It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having) 4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语),1.It now appears _ the

38、y are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that 4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be th

39、at D. might be what 5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what 8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted

40、his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where 10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A.

41、keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where 15.

42、The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if 16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where,Good-bye!,高三英语总复习语法系列训练,名词性从句2,戴孟霞,戴孟霞,English Grammar 名词性从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。,一主语从句,主

43、语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较,It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning

44、 that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,2. 用it 作形式主语的结构,(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It app

45、ears that 似乎 (4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：,（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week

46、 is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句

47、是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely?,4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.,It is right what you said yesterday.,

48、It is a consolation that she is still alive.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3)

49、 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud,

50、 surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。,4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.,5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse,

51、 let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match.,6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame,

52、 denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.,7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认

53、为这件衣服不适合你穿。,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The