Chemistry Troy High School：化学

1、ChemistryChemistryName:_Name:_ Period:_Period:_Unit 13 Acids and BasesUnit 13 Acids and Bases SECTION 19.1 ACIDSECTION 19.1 ACID BASE THEORIES (pages 587BASE THEORIES (pages 587 593)593) Properties of Acids and Bases (pages 587Properties of Acids and Bases (pages 587 588)588) 1. Circle1. Circle the

2、letters of all the terms that complete the sentence correctly. The properties of acidsacids include: a. a. reacting with metals to produce oxygen b.b. giving foods a sour taste c. c. forming solutions that conduct electricity d.d. causing indicators to change color 2. 2. Bases are compounds that rea

3、ct with acids to form _ and a(n) _ . 3. Circle3. Circle the letters of all the terms that complete the sentence correctly. The properties of basesbases include:. a. a. tasting bitter b.b. feeling slippery c. c. changing the color of an indicator d.d. always acting as a strong electrolyte BrBrnsted-L

4、owry Acids and Bases (pages 590nsted-Lowry Acids and Bases (pages 590 592)592) 4. 4. How does the BrBrnsted-Lowrynsted-Lowry theory define acids and bases? _ _. 5. 5. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? Some of the acids and bases included in the Arrhenius theory are not acids and

5、bases according to the Brnsted-Lowry theory. _ 6. 6. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? A conjugate acid is the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion. _ 7. 7. A conjugate _ is the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion. 8. 8. What is a conjugate a

6、cid base pair?_ 9. 9. A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is said to be _ . 10.10. In a reaction with HClHCl, is waterwater an acidacid or a basebase? _ SECTION 19.2 HYDROGEN IONS AND ACIDITY (pages 594SECTION 19.2 HYDROGEN IONS AND ACIDITY (pages 594 604)604) Hydrogen Ions from Wate

7、r (pages 594-595)Hydrogen Ions from Water (pages 594-595) 1. 1. What does a water molecule that loses a hydrogen ion become? _ 2. 2. What does a water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion become? _ 3. 3. The reaction in which water molecules produce ions is called the _ of water. 4. 4. In water or aqu

8、eous solution, _ are always joined to _ as hydronium ions (H H3 3O O+ +). 5. 5. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? Any aqueous solution in which H+ and OH are equal is described as a neutral solution. _ Ion Product Constant for Water (pages 595Ion Product Constant for Water (pages

9、 595 596)596) 6. 6. What is the ion-product constant for water (ion-product constant for water (K K w w) )? Give the definition, the expression, and the value. _ _. 7. 7. A(n) _ solution is one in which H+ is greater than OH. A(n) _ solution is one in which H+ is less than OH. 8. Match8. Match the t

10、ype of solution with its hydrogen-ion concentration. _ acidic _ neutral _ basic a. a. less than 1.0 x 107M b.b. greater than 1.0 x 107M c. c. 1.0 x 107M The pH Concept (pages 596The pH Concept (pages 596 600)600) 9. 9. The _ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration.

11、10. Match10. Match the type of solution with its pH. _ acidic _ neutral _ basic a. a. pH 7.0 b.b. pH = 7.0 c. c. pH 7.0 11.11. Look at Table 19.5 on page 598Table 19.5 on page 598. What is the approximate H+, the OH, and the pH of washing soda? _ 12.12. The pOH of a solution is the negative logarith

12、m of the _ concentration. 13.13. What is the pOH of a neutral solution? _ 14.14. For pH calculations, in what form should you express the hydrogen-ion concentration? _ _. 15.15. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? Most pH values are whole numbers. _ 16.16. If H+ is written in scien

13、tific notation but its coefficient is not 1, what do you need to calculate pH? _ 17.17. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? You can calculate the hydrogen-ion concentration of a solution if you know the pH. _ Measuring pH (pages 600Measuring pH (pages 600 603)603) 18.18. When do yo

14、u use indicators and when do you use a pH meter to measure pH? _ _. 19.19. Why is an indicator a valuable tool for measuring pH? _ _. 20.20. Why do you need many different indicators to span the entire pH spectrum? _ _. 21.21. What is the pHpH of each of the following solutions? a. a. water _ b.b. v

15、inegar _ c. c. milk of magnesia _ SECTION 19.3 STRENGTHS OF ACIDS AND BASES (pages 605SECTION 19.3 STRENGTHS OF ACIDS AND BASES (pages 605 611)611) Strong and Weak Acids and Bases (pages 605Strong and Weak Acids and Bases (pages 605 609)609) 1. 1. What factor is used to classify acids as strong or w

16、eak? _ 2. 2. Strong acids are _ ionized in aqueous solution; weak acids ionize _ in aqueous solution. 3. 3. Look at Table 19.6 on page 605Table 19.6 on page 605. Which acid is the weakest acid in the table? _ Which base is the weakest base? _ 4. 4. What do you use to write the equilibrium-constant e

17、xpression? _ 5. 5. An acid dissociation constant (acid dissociation constant (K Ka a) ) is the ratio of the concentration of the _ form of an acid to the concentration of the _ form. 6. 6. What is another name for dissociation constants? _ 7. 7. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false?

18、The stronger an acid is, the smaller its Ka value. _ 8. 8. A diprotic acid has _ dissociation constants. 9. 9. Look at Table 19.7 on page 607Table 19.7 on page 607. What is the second dissociation constant for the triprotic phosphoric acid? _ 10.10. Weak bases react with water to form the hydroxide

19、ion and the _ of the base. 11.11. A base dissociation constant (base dissociation constant (K Kb b) ) is the ratio of the concentration of the _ times the concentration of the hydroxide ion to the concentration of the _ . 12.12. What does the magnitude of the base dissociation constant (Kb) indicate

20、? _ _. 13.13. The words concentratedconcentrated and dilutedilute indicate how much acid or base is _ in solution. 14.14. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? The words strong or weak refer to the extent of ionization or dissociation of an acid or base. _ Calculating Dissociation Co

21、nstants (pages 609Calculating Dissociation Constants (pages 609 610)610) 15.15. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? You can calculate the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of a weak acid from experimental data. _ SECTION 19.4 NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS (pages 612SECTION 19.4 NEUTRALIZA

22、TION REACTIONS (pages 612 616)616) AcidAcid Base Reactions (pages 612Base Reactions (pages 612 613)613) 1. 1. Is the following sentence true or falsetrue or false? Acids react with compounds containing hydroxide ions to form water and a salt. _ 2. 2. What does the reaction of an acid with a base pro

23、duce? _ 3. 3. In general, reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water are called _ reactions. 4. 4. Look at Table 19.9 on page 613Table 19.9 on page 613. Circle the letter of the salt that is used for photographic emulsions. a. a. calcium chlorideb.

24、b. potassium chloride _ from a base. Titration (pages 613Titration (pages 613 616)616) 6. 6. How can you determine the concentration of an acid or base in a solution? _ 7. 7. The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution is

25、 called _ . 8. 8. What is the solution of known concentration called? _ GUIDED PRACTICE PROBLEMSGUIDED PRACTICE PROBLEMS EXTRA PRACTICE PROBLEM (similar to Practice Problem 13, page 600)EXTRA PRACTICE PROBLEM (similar to Practice Problem 13, page 600) 1. 1. Find the value of OHOH for a solution with a pH of 8.00pH of 8.00. c. c. silver