1词汇结构(北医).ppt

1、词汇结构,zhu,以统考英语的考点为纲来了解英语的语法,词义,此部分主要考查形近词和义近词的用法，解题技巧和关键在于抓住其词义的不同之处。这就要求考生平常在识记单词的时候要弄清词汇的意思，知其一，还要知其二。,1. There have been many _ in their marriage but they still love each other. （2010年4月） A. right and wrong B. back and forth C. ups and downs D. right and left,If you have ups and downs, you experi

2、ence a mixture of good things and bad things. 浮沉，起伏，盛衰,If someone or something moves back and forth, they move first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. 来回，往复,2. It was well known that Thomas Edison _ the electric lamp.（2009年12月） invented B. discovered C. found D. developed,Invent-c

3、reate or design something that has not existed before Discover-find unexpectedly Find-discover by chance Develop-grow and become more mature, advanced,3. Smoking is bad for your health. So please _.（2010年4月） A. give it up B. give it in C. give it out D. give it away,If you give up something, you sto

4、p doing it or believing in it.,If you give in, you admit that you are defeated or that you can not do something.,If you give out a number of things, you distribute them to a number of different people.,If you give something away, you give it to someone.,4. Many countries are increasing their use of

5、natural gas, wind and other forms of _. （2010年4月） energy B. source C. power D. material,Energy-能源 Source-水源 Power-能量，力量 Material-原料，物资,词性,英语单词词性主要包括名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、叹词等。,1. This is _ film I have ever seen.（2010年4月） A. a wonderful B. the most wonderful C. wonderful D. most wonderful,形容词最高级前面需要加t

6、he,2. I paid _ for the new book.（2010年4月） A. half pound B. one pound and half C. one and a half pounds D. one and half a pound,名词单复数：大于1都是复数形式出现,一些特殊情况：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, belief-beliefs, roof-roofs，gulf-gulfs，child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women，goose-

7、geese，fish-fish，sheep-sheep，cattle-cattle，deer-deer。,3. He couldnt buy the dictionary because he had _ money with him.（2009年12月） a few B. few C. a little D. little,4. The old man lives _.He always feels _.（2010年4月） A. lonely, lonely B. alone, alone C. lonely, alone D. alone, lonely,Alone-一个人 Lonely-

8、孤单,5. He is an old friend of _.（2009年12月） my B. mine C. me D. myself,非谓语动词,非谓语动词是指不能直接做谓语的动词。主要包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。,动词不定式：to do 动名词：doing 现在分词：doing 过去分词：done,常跟不定式的动词有：ask，decide，determine，manage，fail，refuse，seem，tend，attempt，choose，demand，hesitate，help，expect，hope，learn，prepare，pretend，want，wish

9、，aim，afford，agree，appear，plan，arrange，offer，prove allow，forbid ，persuade，remind，request，require，advise,常跟动名词的动词有：avoid，finish，mind，miss，practice，risk，prevent，suggest，enjoy，feel like，delay，consider，admit，appreciate，dislike，postpone，imagine，deny，cant help，keep，resist,1. The physics exam is not difficu

10、lt, is it? _. Even Harry _ to the top students failed in it.（2010年4月） Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging,现在分词短语做定语,反义疑问句的回答,2. There was so much noise in the classroom that the teacher couldnt make himself _.（2009年12月） heard B. hearing C. to hear D. hear,Make something/s

11、omebody done,3. I have been looking forward to _ from my parents.（2009年12月） hear B. being heard C. be heard D. hearing,Look forward to doing something Hear from somebody,4. Would you let _ to the park with my classmate, Mum?（2010年4月） me go B. me going C. I go D. I going,Let somebody do something,5.

12、After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made _ all sorts of awkward questions.（2010年4月） answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer,Make somebody do something Somebody is made to do something,时态,一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时，现在进行时、现在完成时，过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时,1. The you

13、ng _ eaten up almost everything on the table.（2010年4月） is B. are C. has D. have,现在完成时：have/has + done,2. Its high time that he settled down in the country and _ a new life.（2010年4月） A. start B. started C. starting D. to start,And连接的两个动词的时态和形式都要保持一致,3. Hi, Jane. Would you like to go to the ball this

14、evening? Sorry, Frank. _tomorrows lessons, I have no time to go out with you. （2009年12月） Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared,非谓语动词的完成时,4. _ tomorrows lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.（2009年12月） Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not

15、to prepare D. Being not prepared,非谓语动词的完成时,(not)Having done,5. Nancy was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital. Oh, really? I _. I _visit her.（2010年4月） A. didnt know; will go to B. dont know; will go to C. didnt know; am going to D. havent known; am going to,一般过去时和表示意愿

16、的一般将来时态,Be going to表示计划 Will表示意愿,语态,英语语态包括主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语能执行谓语动词的动作，被动语态表示主语不能执行谓语动词的动作，是谓语动词的逻辑宾语，主语是谓语动词的承受者。,1. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.（2009年12月） covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover,非谓语动词中现在分词体现主动语态，过去分词体现被动语态,2. Why does he look sad? There are s

17、o many problems _.（2010年4月） A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled,被动语态：Be done 动词不定式：to do 动词不定式的被动语态：to be done,3. Take this medicine twice a day, Peter? Do I have to take it? It _ so terrible.（2010年4月） is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D.

18、has tasted,系动词+形容词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel,4. _ his examination of the patient, the doctor wrote out a prescription.（2009年12月） Having finished B. Finishing C. Finished D. Having been,非谓语动词的完成时,5. A sudden noise of a fire-engine made him _to the door.（2010年4月） hurrying B. hurried C. hurry D.

19、to hurry,Make somebody do something Have somebody do something Let somebody do something Ask somebody to do something,主谓一致,主谓一致主要是指主语和谓语要在人称与数上保持一致,1就近原则。当作主语的名词和代词由or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also连接时，谓语动词采取就近原则，要和最接近谓语的名词和代词在人称与数上保持一致。,2当主语后有with，as well as，along with，together with，besides，i

20、n addition to，accompanied by，rather than，but，except等词汇时，谓语动词要和这些词前的主语保持一致。,3. 其他情况：（1）当主语由and连接，但表示同一人、同一物或单一概念时。谓语动词要用单数形式。当and连接的两个单数名词由each，every，many a 和no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。当不定代词each，every one，no one，either，neither，another，somebody，nothing，nobody，anything，everybody作主语时，谓语动词用单数。当none做主语或修饰的名词、代词作主语时，

21、若是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，若是可数名词，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。,1. The young _ interested in pop music.（2010年4月） isB. haveC. hasD. are 2. I will count three hundred and not one of you _ move a bit.（2010年4月） is toB. are toC. is D. are 3. Two thousand dollars _ enough for the car.（2009年12月） beingB. wereC. areD. is 4. Both the

22、 kids and their parents _ English, I think. I know it from their accent. （2010年4月） A. is B. beenC. areD. was,从句,定语从句 状语从句 名词性从句,1. Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies _ bad for their mental development.（2010年4月） A. that isB. that are C. as is D. as are 2. Did you noti

23、ce the guy _ head like a big potato?（2009年12月） A. whoB. which C. whose D. Whom,3. We all thought _ pity that you were unable to come to our meeting.（2009年12月） A. thatB. which C. thisD. it 4. You object _, dont you?（2010年4月） A. that they come B. that they came C. to their comeD. to their coming 5. Pe

24、ople at the party worried about him, because no one was aware _ he had gone. （2010年4月） A. of whereB. of the place where C. whereD. the place,倒装句和强调句,倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。当表示地点、方向和时间的副词或介词如here，there，up，down，out，away，now，then，thus等放在句首，主语为名词时，通常用全部倒装。当具有否定意义的词或词组如never，hardly，seldom，by no means，under no ci

25、rcumstances等词放在句首时需部分倒装。,强调句通常指It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他句子成分。当强调部分为人、物或人与物时，that均可用，只有等强调部分为人时，可用who。,1. Hardly _ on stage _ the audience started cheering.（2010年4月） he had come ;than B. he had come ; when C. had he come ; when D. had he come ; than 2. I was satisfied with her explanation, _.（2009

26、年12月） A. so my classmates wereB. so were my classmates C. so my classmates didD. so did my classmates 3. No matter _, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.（2010年4月） A. it was snowing hardB. hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hardD. how hard it was s

27、nowing 4. Never before _ see such a terrible car accident on the road!（2009年12月） A. I have B. have IC. I did D. did I,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用来表达与事实相反的假设或说话人的主观愿望。此部分只需记忆三种类型：一般情况、should+动词原形、特殊情况。,一般情况 （1）表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去时（be用were），主句谓语动词用would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形； （2）表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用had+过去分词，主句谓语动

28、词用would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词； （3）与将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去时或should+动词原形，主句谓语动词用were to +动词原形或would/should/could+动词原形。,2. should +动词原形 （1）当主句中出现ask，request，demand，require，advise，suggest（建议），recommend，propose, urge，order，plan，prefer，maintain, ensure, insist（坚决要求），desire，agree、decide等以及它们的名词或形容

29、词出现在主句中时，从句谓语动词一般用should+动词原形，should可省略。 （2）当It is/was+形容词+that 从句结构中出现如important，necessary，natural，essential，urgent，vital，possible，probable，strange，better等形容词时，从句中的谓语动词一般用should+动词原形，should可省略。 （3）当主句中出现如pity，idea，motion，shame，no wonder等名词时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可省略。,3. 特殊情况 （1） 在as if 和as thou

30、gh引导的从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。主句若为一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；如主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时态；等等。 （2）It is/was high/about/better/good time +that从句中，从句中谓语动词通常用一般过去式。 （3）If only 引导的从句中，谓语动词用一般用过去完成式时表示过去的情况，用过去式表示现在的情况，用would / could +动词原形表示将来的情况。 （4）在 lest，for fear that，in case引导的从句中，谓语动词一般用should+动词原形，should 不可省略。 （5）当主句中出现would rath

31、er时，从句谓语动词一般用过去完成式表示过去，用过去式表示现在或将来。,1. If you _ your work, you can go there first.（2010年4月） A. will finish B. finished C. finishingD. have finished 2. The old lady is quarrelling as if she _ mad.（2010年4月） A. wasB. is C. are D. were 3. Each person at the reunion was required to talk to other relative

32、s to find out if they would buy one of the histories _ it were printed.（2009年12月） A. whetherB. if C. when D. after 4. I wish everybody _ the meeting tomorrow.（2010年4月） A. will attend B. would attend C. had attended D. is going to attend,高频题目选讲,1、Professor, would you slow down a bit, please? I cant _

33、you. A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to,答案. A,2、_ these honours he received a sum of money. Except B. But C. Besides D. Outside,答案. C,4、Theres lots of fruit _ the treeOur little cat is also _ the tree. in；in B. on；on C. in；on D. on；in,答案. D,5、-_I put my coat here? -Sorry, you

34、 _. May; mustnt B. Do; dont C. can; neednt D. May; cant,答案. D,6、On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several _ a day. customers B. supporters C. guests D. clients,答案. D,7、 Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a _ and disorder! mass B. mess C. guess D. bus,答案. B,8、

35、Many people watched the boys _the mountain at that time. climb B. climbing C. to climb D. climbed,答案. B,9、On _ side of the street there are some trees. both B. either C. every D. all,答案. B,10、Never before _ see such a terrible car accident on the road! I have B. have I C. I did D. did I,答案. D,12、- I

36、ts a good idea. But whos going to_ the plan?- I think John and Peter will. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside,答案. A,11、The students were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant, at Professor Brians _. money B. pay C. expense D. loss,答案. C,13、The computer system _ suddenly while he was

37、searching for information on the Internet. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in,答案. A,14、A sudden noise of a fire-engine made him_to the door. hurrying B. hurried C. hurry D. to hurry,答案. C,15、Both the kids and their parents _ English, I think. I know it from their accent. is B. been C. a

38、re D. was,答案. C,16、The manager will not _ us to use his car. have B. let C. agree D. allow,答案. D,17、_ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony. Before B. At C. In D. Between,答案. A,18、_her and then try to copy what she does. Mind B. See C. Stare at D. Watch,答案. D,19、While I wa

39、s in the university, I learned taking a photo, _ is very useful now for me. it B. which C. that D. what,答案. B,20、No matter _ , the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was sn

40、owing,答案. D,21、A police officer claimed he had attempted to _ paying his fare. avoid B. reject C. refuse D. neglect,答案. A,22、How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? can B. must C. need D. may,答案. A,23、The children _ play with them. want

41、that I B. want me for C. want me to D. are wanting that,答案. C,24、James Watt _ the steam engine. was inventing B. invented C. had invented D. has invented,答案. B,25、A long time ago, I _ in London for three years. had lived B. have lived C. lived D. have been living,答案. C,26、She _ 100 pages of the book

42、 today. has already read B. already reads C. already read D. was already read,答案. A,27、Yesterday was _ day that we decided to go swimming. such beautiful B. so beautiful C. such a beautiful D. a so beautiful,答案. C,28、At that time, she _ on a journey with her friend. is B. was C. has been D. is being,答案. B,29、We are next-door _. neighborhoods B. neighbor C. neighborhood D. neighbors,答案. D,30、He helped me _ my homework. with B. to C. about D. of,答案. A,31、He _ to me last week. is writing B. write