Collocation 大英一

1、Collocation in English Writing,I. Definition the co-occurrence relationships between words. A word by the company it keeps 许多大城市的交通越来越拥挤 1aThe traffic in many big cites is getting more and more crowded 1bThe traffic in many big cities is getting heavier and heavier.,虽然他没有表达出来，但我还是看得出他想什么。 a) Althoug

2、h he did not express them, I could see his thoughts b) Although he did not express them, I could read his thoughts. 政府设法提高人民的生活水平。 a) The government tries to improve the standard of living b) . The government tries to upgrade/raise the standard of living.,II. Difference between English and Chinese C

3、hinese: more economy English has a new word for a new thing 图书馆，水族馆，博物馆，旅馆，饭馆、体育馆、展览馆，照相馆，大使馆 library, aquarium, museum, hotel, restaurant, gymnasium, exhibition hall, photo studio, embassy 啤酒、鸡尾酒、白酒、葡萄酒、香槟酒，烈酒 beer, cocktail, liquor,wine,champagne，spirits,N. 番茄汤，牛肉汤，人参汤。 tomato soup,beef broth, gin

4、seng decoction 个人卫生，公共卫生，环境卫生， personal hygienicy，public health，environmental sanitation 自然环境，社会环境，舒适环境 natural environment, social circumstances, comfortable surroundings 球迷，棋迷 fan: football fan, movie fan, addict: computer addict, chess addict.,Adj/ 黄色小说,黄色音乐,黄色电影 filthy novels”,“vulgar music”,“po

5、rnographic movies 副总统，副经理，副教授，副司令，副食品，副作用，副标题， vice president, deputy manager, associate professor, assistant commanding officer, non-staple food, side effects，subheading. 假牙、假象、假花、假肢、假钞、假画、假警察、假医生： false teeth, false appearance, artificial flowers, artificial limbs, counterfeit money, fake pictures

6、, fake policemen, phony/quack doctors.,浓汤、茶、咖啡、头发、眉： thick soup, strong tea, strong coffee, thick hair, thick eyebrow 谈水，谈茶，谈季： fresh water, weak tea, slow season 双人间,双重标准,双刃剑,双峰,双塔,双星,a double room, a double standards, a double-edged sword、 twin peaks, twin towers、twin stars 一次性付款,一次性拖鞋 lump-sum pa

7、yment, disposable slippers 恶性肿瘤,恶性循环 malignant tumor, vicious circle,V. 学习知识，学习讲英语，学习榜样， pursue knowledge, learn to speak English, follow the example 打开电视、打开箱子、打开敲门、打开领结，打开信件，打开奥秘 turn on the TV.，open the box, answer the door, loosen the tie, unfold the letter, discover the secrets “恢复健康”、“恢复谈判”、“恢复

8、秩序”、“恢复正常”、“恢复知觉”、“恢复镇静, 恢复疲劳,恢复经济 regain/restore ones health, resume talk, restore order, return to normal, recover consciousness, regain composure, relieve fatigue, reconstruct economy。,提高会话水平、领导水平、文化水平, 英语水平 improve ones conversational ability, improve the art of leadership, raise the intellectua

9、l level , improve English Subject. 我们国家的建设事业不仅仅需要的是工程师和科学家，同样需要各行各业的能工巧匠。 China in her development needs not only engineers and scientists, but talent of different kinds.,你的教学科研取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而自满。 You have made good progress in teaching and researching but you should guard against complacency. 我们同敌人的

10、斗争取得了一个又一个胜利。 We have won one victory after another in the struggle against the enemy,III. The Error Analysis 当地人似乎不怕天热。 a) The local people dont seem to be afraid of the hot weather. b) It seems that the local people dont mind the hot weather. 吸烟有害身体，不要学他的样。 a) Smoking is harmful for your body. Don

11、t learn from him. b) Smoking is harmful for health. Dont follow his example.,我感到大学学习相当紧张。 a).I feel college studies are quite busy. b). I feel quite busy with college studies. 他身体虽弱，但思路还敏捷。 a).His body is weak but his spirit is good b) He is physically weak but mentally sound. 如果像这样看电视，他的眼睛总有一天会瞎掉。

12、a) If he watches TV like this, his eyes will be completely blind one day. b) If he watches TV like this, he will completely blind one day.,VI. The way to study Collocation Opportunity: Adj. abundant, ample（足够的）, equal, favorable, golden, great, rare（难得的）, precious, unique（唯一的）, unusual, wide N. ,job

13、, education, employment, learning, money-making V. accept, afford/give/offer/present/provide, appreciate, await（等待）, be denied（拒绝给予）, embrace（高兴有）, enjoy,find, grasp/take/seize（抓住）, have, let slip, lose, miss, neglect（忽视）,give up/pass up（放弃） utilize/take advantage of（利用）, welcome, -arise/occur（出现）,

14、-slip away（滑过）,enjoy 1）保护、支持类 enjoy parental protection受到家长的保护 enjoy grassroots support 得到基层支持 enjoy the thanks and applause of 得到感谢和赞许 enjoy government subsidies得到政府财政补贴 enjoy assistance from从得到帮助 2）待遇、地位类 enjoy a series of privileges 享受一系列特权 enjoy great prestige 享有很高的威望 enjoy red-carpet treatment

15、受到隆重的接待 enjoy great credibility享有很高的信誉 enjoy access to 有权（有机会）进入（使用）,3）优势、能力类 enjoy advantages具备优越条件 enjoy market supremacy占据市场的绝对优势 enjoy better communications信息交流渠道更畅通 enjoy a bilingual ability具备使用两种语言的能力 enjoy unlimited market potential拥有无限的市场潜力 enjoy a special place in 占有一个特殊的地位 enjoy a distant

16、edge over sb.占明显优势,4）增长、发展类 enjoy low inflation and high rates of growth 通货膨胀率低，经济增长率高 enjoy a 31 percent increase in income 工资增长百分之三十一 enjoy a surge in sales销量激增 enjoy double-digit growth以两位数的百分比速度增长 enjoy the biggest salary rises工资增长幅度最大,5）生活、境况类 enjoy the occasional spree偶尔倾囊狂购一阵 enjoy the greene

17、ry 喜欢绿树成荫处 enjoy a revival重振雄风 enjoy a successful career从事一项有成就事业 enjoy affluence生活富裕 enjoy a rehabilitation得到恢复 enjoy prosperity 处于繁荣,6) 影响、关系类 enjoy considerable influence拥有相当大的影响 enjoy a warm working relationship 工作关系融洽 enjoy uncustomary warmth 关系亲热得异乎寻常 enjoy a political honeymoon 政治上打得火热 7)天气类

18、enjoy a fair amount of sunshine 有较充足的阳关 enjoy a dry day一天无雨,Suffer ）表示遭受病痛 suffer a stroke中风 suffer head injuries 头部受伤 suffer liver failure得肝病 suffer stomach trouble 得胃病 suffer brain damage大脑受伤 suffer agonizing pains 疼痛难忍 suffer mental disorders精神失常 suffer nervous shock 精神受到刺激 suffer a series of fev

19、ers高烧不退 suffer burns烧伤,2）表示遭受打击，不公正待遇 suffer mental agony精神痛苦 suffer emotional aguish情感少受痛苦 suffer discrimination受歧视 suffer inequalities/injustice受到不公 suffer negative publicity被人暴光 suffer abuse遭虐待 suffer torture受折磨 suffer beatings遭毒打 suffer a trauma精神受创伤 suffer physical violence遭暴力伤害 suffer punishme

20、nt受惩罚,3)表示遭受事故、灾害、损失 suffer serious pollutions 受严重污染 suffer rising unemployment失业人数不断增加 suffer an earthquake发生地震 suffer serious accidents发生严重事故 suffer steady economic deterioration经济状况不断恶化 suffer a sharp decline/drop in production/living standards产量/生活水平急剧滑坡 suffer a crash飞机坠毁，相撞 suffer a brain drain人才外流 suffer devastation/damage遭摧残 suffer decay衰败,suffer a trade deficit贸易逆差 suffer continuous grain deficits粮食连年歉