ZS7056SX-320型叶菜清洗机的设计研究
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ZS7056SX
320
型叶菜
清洗
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ZS7056SX-320型叶菜清洗机的设计研究,ZS7056SX,320,型叶菜,清洗,设计,研究
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山西农业大学工程技术学院专业综合实习报告AbstractAt modern social people the improvements of living standardses, and foreign trade the developments of cause, vegetables process day by day demand increase products day by day, This ask we want and break artificial to wash dish way a traditional one, realize automation and continuity who vegetables wash is by saving a large amount of manpower, material resources soon, Improve the competitiveness of the products. This article discusses the development of automated continuous washing machine leafy vegetables need and feasibility. The surface of the leaf type vegetables remains to have dust, orangic fat. Chomical agriculture chemical and microorganism. And it is fresh and flat, getting easy to be rolled over . We focused on the characteristics of phyllodes vegetables designed 6SX-320-type leaf-like vegetable washing machine, and presented the overall structure of the process. Model 6SX-320 rhizome type vegetables wash machine adopt cylinder. And the processes of the Model 6SX-320 leaf form type wash machine is immersion washingspray washingultrasonic wave washingbringing the vegetables out.Keywords The Device The Performance The Automation Immersion Spray The Ultrasonic Cleaning Water TreatmentThe ltrasonic Cleaning: The basic principles and applicationUltrasonic cleaning machine mainly utilize air impacted effect height frequency and vibrational signal, which ultrasonic vibrational case produce，translate mechanical vibrational and transmit into the intermedium via the exchanged energy organ Ultrasonic fardel,nonstopped vibration produce spoke wise and line transmits ted one. can give birth to ten thousands of negative pressured little air bubble. Via the pressure, the air bubble give birth to dense explosin on the surface of cleaned object. The lash the surface of cleaned object around-the-clock continuous continuous, contain another flank that pene trate the cleaned object. All the inside cavithy,blind holke and narrow interstice, that immerge intermedium,will flake off the greasae stain of the claned object surface. The cleaned object will be perfect and very clean. At the same time, ultra is provided with the liquid purpose. The grease stain that have ever been cleaned will be forfendedSANYO Introduces the Worlds First Zero-Detergent Electrolyzed Water Cleaning Powered Washing Machine .Allows the option of Detergent Course or Non-Detergent Course according to the extent and type of dirt . Tokyo, June 22, 2001-SANYO Electric Co., Ltd., a world leader in Home Appliances announced the sale of the Worlds first Washing Machine using Electrolyzed Water that does not require the use of detergent through the use of Ultrasonic Waves and Electrolysis. Up until now the industry standard and excepted norm of traditional washing machines worked on the principle of using the water from the washing machines spin function and soap to remove dirt from the clothing. Three years ago SANYO introduced a new type of washing machine that was different from anything ever seen in the washing machine industry: Dirt Removal through the Ultrasonic Wave Washing Machine.LathesLathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing, and boring. Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the workpiece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, carriage assembly, and the leadscrew and feed rod. The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well-normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides a heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shaped for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted and one flat way in one or both sets. They are precision-machined to assure accuracy of alignment. On most modern lathes the ways are surface-hardened to resist wear and abrasion, but precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed. The headstock is mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end of the bed. It provides a powered means of the rotating the work at various speeds. Essentially, it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gearssimilar to a truck transmissionthrough which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from 8 to 18 speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives. Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types. The spindle has a hole extending through its length, through which long bar stock can be fed. The size of this hole is an important dimension of a lathe because it determines the maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle. The tailstock assembly consists, essentially, of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location. An upper casting fits on lower one and can be moved transversely upon it, on some type of keyed ways, to permit aligning the tailstock and headstock spindles. The third major component of the assembly is the tailstock and headstock quill. This is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 51 to 76 mm (2 to 3 inches) in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a handwheel and screw. The size of a lathe is designated by two dimensions. The first is known as the swing. This is the maximum diameter of work that can be rotated on a lathe. It is approximately twice the distance between the line connecting the lathe centers and the nearest point on the ways. The second size dimension is the maximum distance between centers. The swing thus indicates the maximum workpiece diameter that can be turned in the lathe, while the distance between centers indicates the maximum length of workpiece that can be mounted between centers. Engine lathes are the type most frequently used in manufacturing. They are heavy-duty machine tools with all the components described previously and have power drive for all tool movements except on the compound rest. They commonly range in size from 305 to 610 mm (12 to 24 inches) swing and from 610 to 1219 mm (24 to 48 inches) center distances, but swings up to 1270 mm (50 inches) and center distances up to 3658 mm (12 feet) are not uncommon. Most have chip pans and a built-in coolant circulating system. Smaller engine latheswith swings usually not over 330 mm (13 inches)also are available in bench type, designed for the bed to be mounted on a bench or cabinet. Although engine lathes are versatile and very useful, because of the time required for changing and setting tools and for making measurements on the workpiece, they are not suitable for quality production. Often the actual chip-production time is less than 30% of the total cycle time. In addition, a skilled machinist is required for all the operations, and such persons are costly and often in short supply. However, much of the operators time is consumed by simple, repetitious adjustments and in watching chips being mad. Consequently, to reduce or eliminate the amount of skilled labor that is required, turret lathes, screw machines, and other types of semiautomatic lathes have been highly developed and are widely used in manufacturing. Machining Turning The engine lathe, one of the oldest metal removal machines, has a number of useful and highly desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarily in small shops where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered. The engine lathe has been replaced in todays production shops by a wide variety of automatic screw machines. All the advantage of single-point tooling for maximum metal removal, and the use of form tools for finish and accuracy, are now at the designers fingertips with production speeds on a par with the fastest processing equipment on the scene today. Tolerances for the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator. The design engineer must be careful in using tolerances of an experimental part that has been produced on the engine lathe by a skilled operator. In redesigning an experimental part for production, economical tolerances should be used. Milling With the exceptions of turning and drilling, milling is undoubtedly the most widely method of removing metal. Well suited and readily adapted to the economical production of any quantity of parts, the almost unlimited versatility of the milling process merits the attention and consideration of designers seriously concerned with the manufacture of their product. As in any other process, parts that have to be milled should be designed with economical tolerances that can be achieved in production milling. If the part is designed with tolerances finer than necessary, additional operations will have to be added to achieve these tolerancesand this will increase the cost of the part.Grinding Grinding is one of the most widely used methods of finishing parts to extremely close tolerances and fine surface finishes. Currently, there are grinders for almost every type of grinding operation. Particular: cylindrical grinders, centerless grinders, internal grinders, surface grinders, and tool and cutter grinders. The cylindrical and centerless grinders are for straight cylindrical or taper work; thus splines, shafts, and similar parts are ground on cylindrical machinesdesign features of a part dictate to a large degree the type of grinding machine required. Where processing costs are excessive, parts redesigned to utilize a less expensive, higher output grinding method may be well worthwhile. For example, wherever possible the production economy of centerless grinding should be taken advantage of by proper design consideration. Although grinding is usually considered a finishing operation, it is often employed as a complete machining process on work which can be ground down from rough condition without being turned or otherwise machined. Thus many types of forgings and other parts are finished completely with the grinding wheel at appreciable savings of time and expense. Classes of grinding machines include the following either of the common-center type or the centerless machine. Thread grinders are used for grinding precision threads for thread gages, and threads on precision parts where the concentricity between the diameter of the shaft and the pitch diameter of the thread must be held to close tolerances. The internal grinders are used for grinding of precision holes, cylinder bores, and similar operations where bores of all kinds are to be finished. The surface grinders are for finishing all kinds of flat work, or work with plain surfaces which may be operated upon either by the edge of a wheel or by the face of a grinding wheel. These machines may have reciprocating or rotating tablesSubject analysis1.The purpose of a vegetable washGenerally a few years, the purpose of washing vegetables for the following two: First, remove the vegetables contaminated surface sediment of raw materials, impurities Vegetable raw materials in its growth, maturity, harvesting, storage, transport process, after a long time, after more than process, will inevitably contaminated sediment, impurities such as foreign bodies, especially from the fruits of the ground floor, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, etc. it is inevitable that with the adhesion of the soil. These soil, the existence of impurities will be the quality of the products extremely adverse effects.Therefore, these organizations must be sand, washed to remove impurities.Second, raw materials to the surface of the pesticides and microbial contamination Vegetable raw materials in the growth process, in order to control pests and diseases, are often sprayed on the vegetables to a number of pesticides, the existence of these pesticides would be detrimental to human health. In addition, the surface will be more or less of vegetables contaminated with a variety of micro-organisms, these organisms may vegetable raw materials and hazards to human health, it must be removed.Vegetable raw materials is the purpose of cleaning materials to remove all the vegetables do not meet operational requirements of the material, in particular micro-organisms. In the washing of the former, the normal material on the surface of vegetables, the number of micro-organisms 10000-100000000 months / g between, some vegetables, often as a result of adhesion of the soil, much higher number of micro-organisms.Through proper cleaning process, the number of vegetable raw materials, micro-organisms will be reduced to the initial amount of about 2.5-5%.2. Cleaning process and equipment designIn the selection of cleaning processes and equipment, cleaning must take into account the degree of cleaning required. Wash the requirements of different degree of cleaning should choose a different cleaning process and equipment. Wash the higher the degree requirements, the higher the cost of cleaning and the cost of production is increasing geometrically.In the design and cleaning equipment cleaning process, the main aspects of the following considerations:First, the reliability requirements of the selected cleaning process and equipment to clean a stable quality, to achieve the required degree of cleaning; Second, the impact of treatment to clean the object requested in the treatment of the cleaning process to clean the damage caused by objects as small as possible, and can not deal with the effect of having to clean the new secondary pollution; Third, the protection of the natural environment conducive to cleaning processes and equipment requirements to prevent or minimize the waste water cleaning, noise, emissions and other damage caused by the natural environment;Fourth, the efficiency of cleaning processes and equipment requirements with high efficiency, saving labor force characteristics; Fifth, a good operating environment requires the use of clean technology and equipment to maintain a good operating environment for the health and safety of workers be guaranteed; Sixth, the economy can achieve the adoption of the degree requirements Wash, clean, low-cost process and requirements.Food processing raw materials in its mature stage and the transport, storage process is often affected by dust, sand and micro-organisms, such as pollution, therefore, must be carefully cleaned before processing, and removal of debris and the failure of the processing procedures in order to post.3. Common program analysis3.1 The Leaching brush-type washing machineBrush-type washing machine through water immersion, the role of brushing and spraying can effectively improve the cleaning effect of cleaning the water tank can also direct the use of steam heating, applied to apples, oranges, pears, tomatoes and other fruit and vegetable cleaning. Working, materials from the feed into the cleaning tank, equipped with a brush in the brush roll of the relative role of inward rotation to the agitation of materials in the formation of water eddy circulation to be cleaned, at the same time as a result of water flow between the brush roller the role of pressure difference, the material automatically to the brush roller was brushing mobile.Materials wash up after the float, double hopper by moving along the arc surface by high-pressure water spray rinse, and finally by the outflow of the entrance and exit.3.2 The Blade-type washing machineBlade-type washing machine through the rotating blades, soaked in water and stir the raw materials, will be rolling materials, friction and the completion of the cleaning process, mainly applied to the surface texture than the hard and strong anti-loss materials.Blade-type washing machine main body by the trough, paddle, fishing, etc. hopper. Body is a rectangular slot horizontal trough exposure, the lower part of the space for the semi-circular cylindrical leave flowers at the end of the funnel is 1-2, can be collected sediment debris. Trough generally welded together with stainless steel plate.Longitudinal body axis trough, according to a certain interval of its blades installed, arranged perpendicular to each other adjacent blades, blade-shaped with blunt edges and corners may be less susceptible to injury in the protection of raw materials. On the end of the tank body are fishing hopper, driven by the rotary spindle.Working, to be installed in the trough of water body, and then enable the spindle rotation, and then poured into the tank body of raw materials, due to the rotating blades, stirred raw materials, its rolling movement, the other, as compared with the main blades have a certain point of view, raw materials so as to promote the end of its body to the groove mobile, in the process basically completed the cleaning of raw materials to the end of remove from the fish hopper, remove the materials, the water nozzles out of water to complete the cleaning of raw materials Kavalan process. Under the sand and debris washed through the air to spend the holiday at the end of the funnel being gathered to fight at the end of the regular open sewage discharge valve to the plane.3.3 The Immersion-type washing machineWater jet washing machine of raw materials is first soaked in water so that impurities in the sand soaked in water to become loose, and then by high-pressure water jet to wash raw materials off the surface deposits to achieve the purpose of cleaning. Working, the first inclined wall of water filled the tank, and then poured into the raw material to be cleaned after a certain period of time after the immersion began running gear so that conveyor belt, conveyor belt is driven up raw materials in high-pressure water spray from the spray area leaching to the first direct injection of raw materials, raw materials on the sediment contamination, dust, impurities under running water.If the contamination of raw materials of chemical reagents, is also very easy to remove.The structure of water jet washing machine main tank wall ramp, conveyor, spray head, gear and so on. Inclined conveyor belt was installed, with the horizontal angle of 25-30 degrees, with metal mesh conveyor belt manufacturer in order to facilitate the Li Shui, in a certain distance between the metal line to install a bar in order to block the material down.Oblique angle of the tank wall with the same oblique angle of the conveyor belt in the middle of the top of a conveyor belt equipped with multi-spray head, a conveyor belt driven by the gear movement.3.4 The Drum-type washing machineDrum-type washing machine is a circular cylinder with the rotation, so that raw materials in which the constant turnover at the same time using water pipes to spray water rinse turning raw materials, in order to achieve the purpose of cleaning. It suitable for washing citrus, oranges, potatoes and other root vegetables. Drum-type washing machine features are: simple structure, high cleaning efficiency, the work of a smooth, there is no power imbalance, strong adaptability to raw materials. Also as a result of welding along the cylinder wall has a few tubes, greatly enhance the cleaning effect of the drum. Inadequacies of the whole area of large machinery.3.5 The Screw washing machineSpiral-type washing machine by feeding the mouth of the promotion machine screw, nozzle, hob, pumps, filters and electrical components and so on. Its main work is a spiral engine components. Outside the engine to filter off the bottom so water can drain into the sink. Feeding in the upward process the materials and surface spiral shell, as well as friction between the material and remove surface dirt.Machine equipped with a number of the central nozzle, dirt can be washed. The machines used mainly for fruits and tubers, tuber vegetables situation.For the characteristics of leaf vegetables, only brush-type washing machine and water immersion-type washing machine is suitable for cleaning. Now two ways for this comparative study, we strive to design the best institutions.摘 要随着现代社会人们生活水平的提高，以及外贸事业的发展，蔬菜加工产品的日益需求量日益增大，这就要求我们要打破传统的人工洗菜方式，实现蔬菜清洗的机械化和自动化，以节省大量的人力、物力，提高产品竞争力。本文论述了研制自动化连续型蔬菜清洗机的必要性和可行性。蔬菜可以分为叶状类蔬菜和根茎类蔬菜，叶类蔬菜表面残存有尘土、有机肥、及残存的化学农药、微生物等，且叶类蔬菜本身比较嫩脆，容易折段压溃，而根茎类蔬菜表皮强度较好，有的还要求去皮食用，不存在表皮损伤问题。我们针对叶状类类蔬菜的特点，设计了6SX-320型叶状类蔬菜清洗机，并介绍了其工艺流程和整体结构。6SX-320型叶状类蔬菜清洗机的工艺流程为浸泡清洗 - 喷射清洗 - 超声波清洗 - 出菜。关键词 设备 性能 自动化 浸泡 喷淋 超声波清洗 水处理 超声波清洗：基本原理及应用利用高于20KHZ的超音频电能，通过换能器转换成高频机械振荡而传入到清洗液中。超声波在清洗液中疏密地向前辐射，使液体移动，并产生数万计的微小气泡，这些气泡在超声波纵向传播的负压区形成、生产、迅速闭合称为空化现象。在空化现象中气泡闭合时形成超过1000个大气压的瞬时高压，连续不断产生的瞬时高压就像一连串小爆炸不断地轰击物体表面，使物体表面及缝隙中污垢迅速剥落，这种空化侵蚀作用就是超声波清洗的基本原理。SANYO 首先介绍世界没有洗涤剂，将电解水作为动力的洗衣机，根据范围和灰尘的类型可以选择用洗涤济或不用洗涤济进行清洗。SANYO 电气股份有限公司世界在家庭用具的领导人于2001 年6月22 日在东京宣布首先使用超声波和电解水而不需要洗涤济的洗衣机出售。 直到现在，工业标准和传统习惯都是利用水在洗衣机里的旋转运动，肥皂可从衣服上除去灰尘和污垢。3年以前SANYO提出了不同于过去任何清洗机的一种洗衣机： 超声波清洗机。车床车床主要是为了进行车外圆、车断面和镗孔等工作而设计的机床。很少有车削在其他类型机床上进行，任何机床都不如车床用来车削那样方便。因为车床还能够用于钻孔和铰孔，他们的多功能性允许工件再一次装夹中完成几种加工。因此，在生产加工中各种车床的使用比其他机床要多。车床的基本部件有：床身、主轴箱组件、尾架组件、拖板组件、丝杠和光杠。床身是车床的支架。它通常是由经过良好正火或失效处理的灰铸铁或球墨铸铁制成。床身提供了坚固的刚性框架，所有其他基本部件都安装在床身上。通常在床身上部有内外两组纵向排列的平行导轨。一些生产厂家对四条导轨都采用导轨顶尖朝上的方式（三角形导轨），而另一些制造厂对一组或两组导轨都采用一个三角形导轨和一个平行导轨。导轨需要精加工以保证其直线度精度。为了抵抗磨损和擦伤，大多数现代化机床都是经过表面淬硬的。但是在机械加工时还得谨慎小心以免导轨遭到破坏，导轨的任何不精确度常常意味着整台机床的精度遭到破坏。主轴箱安装在内侧导轨的固定位置上， 通常在床身的边端。 它提供动力以使工件在不同速度下旋转。主轴箱基本上由安装在精密轴承中的空心主轴和一系列变速齿轮 类似于卡车变速箱所组成。通过变速齿轮主轴，可以在很多转速下旋转。大多数车窗提供8支8种转速，转速通常按等比级数排列。而且在现代机床上全部转速都可通过扳动到2到4个手柄得到。一种不断渐增的趋势是通过电的或机械的装置提供无级变速。由于机床的精度在很大程度上取决于主轴，因此，主轴具有较大的结构尺寸，通常安装在预紧后的重型圆锥滚子轴承或球轴承中。主轴上有一个贯穿全长的通孔，通过该孔长棒料可以进料。这个孔的大小是车床上一个非常重要的尺寸，因为当原材料必须通过主轴孔供料时，它决定了能够被加工的棒料毛坯的最大尺寸。尾架组件基本上包括三个部分。底板和床身内侧导轨配合，并且能够在导轨上纵向滑动。底板上有一个可使整个尾架组件在任意位置上夹紧的装置。尾架体安装在底板上，可以沿某种类型的键槽在底板上横向移动，使尾架能与主轴箱中的主轴对正。尾架的第三个部分是尾架套筒。它是一个中空的圆柱体，直径通常约为51至76毫米（2到3英尺）。通过手轮和螺杆，尾架套筒可以在尾架体中移入和移出几寸。车床的规格用两个尺寸来表示。第一个称为最大加工直径。这是在车床上能过旋转的工件的最大直径，它大约是车床中心连线与导轨上最近点连线距离的2倍。第二个规格是两顶尖之间的最大距离。车床床面上最大加工直径表示在车床能车削的工件最大直径，而两顶尖之间的最大距离则表示在两顶尖之间能够安装的工件的最大长度。普通车床是生产加工中最常用的车床类型。它们是具有前面所描述的所有部件的重载机床，并且除了复合支架以外，所有的刀具运动都有机驱动。它们通常的规格尺寸是：床面上最大加工直径为305至610毫米（12至4英寸），两顶尖之间的距离为610至219毫米（24至48英寸）。但是床面上最大加工直径大刀270毫米（50英寸），两顶尖之间的距离达到3658毫米（12英尺）也并不少见。这些车床大部分都有切削盘和一个安装在内部的冷却液系统。小的普通车床床面最大加工直径通常不超过30毫米（13英寸）被设计为台式车床，床身被安装在工作台或柜子上。尽管普通车床的应用多种多样，且非常有用，但是由于更换和调整刀具以及对工件进行测量要花费很多时间，它们并不适合在大批量生产中应用。通常实际的生产时间总少于全部生产循环时间的30%。另外，需要熟练的技术工人来进行所有操作，而这些技工的工资很高并且常常雇佣不到。然而操作者的大部分时间却花费在简单的重复调整和观察切削的产生上。因此，为了减少或不再雇佣这些熟练工人，六角车床、螺丝车床和其他种类的半自动和自动车床已经被成功地开发出来，并且已经在生产中获得广泛应用。机械加工车削普通车床作为最简单的金属切削机床中的一种，有许多有用的和为人们所需要的特性。今天这些车床被主要地用于小工厂中，用来进行小批量生产而非大批量生产。在今天的生产车间中，普通车床已经被各种各样的自动车床所代替，诸如自动仿形车、六角车床和自动螺丝车床。用单刃刀具去除大部分的金属余量，然后用成型刀具获得表面光洁度和精度这种加工方法的优点，现在用在设计人员的手指尖上的生产速度等同于今天工厂中使用的最快的加工设备的速度。普通车床的加工偏差主要取决于操作者的熟练程度。设计工程师必须认真地确定由一个熟练的操作者在普通车床上生产试验零件所用的公差。在把试验零件重新设计为生产零件时，应该选用经济的公差。铣削除了车削和钻削，铣削无疑是最广泛应用的金属切削方法。铣削非常适合于也易于应用在任何数量的零件的批量生产中。铣削过程的几乎不受限制的多种使用性能，值得设计人员在他们的产品生产中认真考虑和选择。和其他加工种类一样，需要铣削的零件应该设计好在铣削加工中可以获得的经济公差。如果零件的设计公差比需要的公差小，那么，为了获得这个较小的公差，就需要增加一些额外的操作这将会增加工件的成本。磨削磨削是广泛使用的零件精加工方法之一，用来获得极小的公差和较好的表面光洁度。目前，几乎存在适合所有磨削操作的磨床。零件独特的设计特征在很大程度上决定了需要采用的磨床的种类。当生产成本太高时，就值得对零件进行重新设计，以便采用一种即便宜又具有高生产率的磨削方法进行加工。例如，在有可能的时候，通过对适当的设计方法的考虑，
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