Unit 3 Pronouns代词.ppt

1、Unit 3,Pronouns 代词,我们过了江，进了车站。我买了票，他忙着照看行礼。 这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。 我 我的 他 他的 别人,We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage At the sight of his burly back tears started to my eyes, but I wiped擦 them hastily 急速的so that neith

2、er he nor anyone else might see them. (Translated by Hsienyi Yang and Gladys Yang）,Pre-task 1,How many pronouns do you know? Can you give a list? I me we us you This That They,He,She,They,It,Pre-tasks 2,Discuss with your partner and do the following exercises concerning English pronouns.,Multiple Ch

3、oices, Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you? Im afraid I do. Ill be glad to lend money to _ but Charlie. A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one C,The boy spent as much time playing computer games as he _ studying. A. does B. was C. had D. did D,I want to have my CD playe

4、r fixed, but I cant find a repair shop. Oh, I know _ . Come on, Ill take you there. A. one B. the one C. ones D. many C,Will you see to _ that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? A. it B. me C. / D. yourself A,He has two brothers and three sisters. Do you know _ of them? No, I kn

5、ow _ of them. A. some; none B. any; some C. any; none D. either; some C,代词的种类,人称代词 I 物主代词 my 反身代词 myself 相互代词 each other 指示代词 this 疑问代词 who 不定代词 some 连接代词 whom 关系代词 that,3.1人称代词为表示”你、我、他”等的词,3.1.1 forms and uses of personal pronouns 人称代词的主格形式在句子中作主语，宾格形式在及物动词中作宾语或介词的宾语 3.1.2 it,3.1.1 personal pronou

6、ns (nominative主格 object-accusative（分裂句，即强调句） iii. you, he and I; he and I你、他、我 NOTE: I and Tom are to blame. iv. noun + pronoun (except you) you, Mary and I; Smith and he v. she: country, city, the earth, the moon, ship,3.1.2 it,一般情况下， 表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。但 it 还可用来指天气、时间、距离等。这时并不译为“它”。 i. bab

7、y or infant婴儿 ii. it: item mentioned above iii. it: weather, time, distance, season iv. cleft sentence强调句,3.2 物主代词possessive pronouns (adjectival feelings e.g. a friend of mine iv. all/ both + possessive pronoun They are all my best friend.,3.3 反身代词 reflexive pronouns,表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”等概念的代词称为反身代词（例

8、如：myself, yourself） 反身代词在句中可作为：宾语、名词与代词的同位语、与介词搭配表特殊意义。,i.作宾语enjoy, apply, pride, help, adapt + oneself : The young man teaches himself Japanese ii.在句中作名词、代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，表示“亲自”“本人”的意思，通常紧跟在名词、代词之后，但也可位于句末。 I did the work myself. / Ill ask the teacher himself about my exams Iii. set expressions:

9、 by oneself（不要别人帮忙）单干John drew the pictures all by himself. of oneself自动地 for oneself替自己，为自己 in oneself本性，本身 between ourselves咱俩私下说，不可告诉他人，常作插入成分或表语The matter is between ourselves. among ourselves在我们之间 teach oneself / seat oneself / lose oneself,3.4 相互代词 reciprocal pronouns,表示一种相互关系的代词称为相互代词(例如: eac

10、h other, one another)。 each other着重指两者之间: two one another:指三者或三者以上之间three or more 相互代词在句子中作动词或介词的宾语 They write to each other every week. We should learn from each other. 相互代词含有所有格形式，只能作关系代词They put small presents in each others stockings.长袜 有时在中文字面上没有“相互”“彼此”等字样，但译成英语时要用each other, one another They

11、dont often see each other now.他们现在不常见面,3.5 指示代词Demonstrative pronouns,表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等意思的代词称为指示代词（例如：this, that) He had a bad cold. _ is why he didnt attend the meeting. A. thisB. thatC. theseD. those 用法：代替名词作主语、宾语、表语；代替形容词作关系代词；表示时间与空间中人事物的远近；承上启下等,i. 在句子中代替名词作主语、宾语、形容词，也可代替形容词作关系代词 This is m

12、y dictionary./ I like this (these), while she likes that (those). /What I want is this. / These sheep are all fat. ii. This和these一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物，而that和those则常指时间或空间上较远的人或物 These are jeeps吉普车. Those are buses.,iii. this. these常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用 ；而that常指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用 What I want to tell you is this

13、: the film will be on at seven. iv. That, those的特殊用法：有时用来代替前面出现过的名词，以避免重复。 that代替单数; those代替复数。常用that of/ those of。This film is not as interesting as that I saw yesterday./ He says that the cars made in Japan are better than those made in America. (those = the cars) v. usual: such a/ an; NOTE: all/

14、no/ one/ few/ several/ some/ any + such vi. the same vii. that的特殊用法：用做副词 I cant speak that fast. / I can also walk this far.,3.6疑问代词 interrogative pronouns,用于表达疑问的代词叫作疑问代词例如who, when, where, which, what) 4.6.1 who/ whom/ whose 4.6.2 what/ which 疑问代词用来引导特殊疑问句，有who, when, where, which及what，它们通常位于句首作句子

15、的某一部分,3.6.1 who/ whom/ whose主格形式作主语，宾格形式作宾语，所有格作关系代词。,i. who: subject or predicative; whom: object ii. whose: possessive,3.6.2 what一般指事物，可以作主语、表语、宾语和关系代词 / which指人或事物，可以作主语、宾语和关系代词,i. which within a scope范围; what: no scope Which one do you prefer, this book or that book? What harm does it do after a

16、ll? 疑问代词作主语时，动词用单数还是复数形式，要根据它们代表的数决定。如果没有指示特定的人事物，动词多用单数形式。Whats in the box? / Who is / are in the room? what和who开头的疑问句都可以指人，但what一般是问人的职业，用who一般是问人的身份。What is his mother? She is a teacher. Who is she? She is my mother.,3.7.1 all, both,both和all均表示“都”的含义，both 指“两者都”，all 指“三者或以上”。 i. all作主语指人时，代表三个或三个

17、以上的人， 动词用复数形式。指事物或情况时往往表示“一切”“所有的”意思，常用作单数， be动词用单数形式，而both是“两者都”的强调，表达复数的概念。 All are here. / All is going well. / Both are wrong. all, both before main verb, after linking verb be. ii. all, both后接名词时可不用介词，接人称代词时应使用of Both brothers didnt go there. / All of them like playing basketball.,3.7.2 each, e

18、very,each, every 都表示每个的意思。但each强调个体，偏重说明同类的个别性，用于两个或两个以上的场合，意为“各自，每人”。 You can have one bag each, children. 而every强调整体，偏向于把分散的项目集中成为一个整体来看待，并且只能用于三个或三个以上的场合，指“每个”人或事物。意为“任意一个”。 I go to Chinese classes every week. each可跟of短语，every只作定语。 every可与body, thing, one合成不定代词。everyone, everybody只能表示人， every one

19、即可表示人，也可表示物。 She has kept every one of his letters.,3.7.3 no one, none,i. none用于表示“三者或三者以上都不”，不管后面接不接of，可以指人，也可以指物。none可以指代不可数名词，也可以指代可数名词； no one 后面接上of，既可以指人，也可以指物，如果of后接复数名词，谓语动词可用单数或复数。但no one单独使用时，只能指人，动词用单数。 e.g.: None of the students failed the exam. Ill have none of your stupid ideas. No one

20、 in the class failed the exam.,ii. set expressions i) none other than 不外乎是，正是，就是 The man was none other than my husband. ii) none +the + adj. + for没有（形容词），仍然 He was none the better for the remedy补救办法 药品 iii) none but只有 None but the aged and the sick stayed at home.,3.7.4 some, any,i. some和any都可以作主、宾

21、语和关系代词，但some常用在肯定句中，而any常用在疑问句、否定句或条件句中。 If he has any, ask him to give us some. / Have you got any books? ii. 当疑问句表示“请求”“建议”“反问”或“希望得到肯定答复”时， some及其复合词也可用于疑问句。 Could you let me have some money, Mom? / Have you lost something? iii. 可用来修饰单数可数名词，意思为“某一个”。 Some boy has broken my window. iv.用于数词前，意为“大约”

22、，等于about用作副词。 It happened some 20 years ago.,3.7.5 few, a few, little, a little,这些都是表示数量的代词，little, much 用来修饰不可数名词，few, many用来修饰可数名词。little, few表示否定含义，而a little, a few则表示肯定含义。 few, little 否定 a few+ plural little+ singular,3.7.6 everyone, every one,everyday adj. everyone: everybody只能指人，不可跟of短语 every

23、one可指人或物，可跟of短语,3.7.7 either, neither,either两者中任何一个 neither两者之中都不 You may go by either road. *You may go by both roads. i. either和 neither是一对反义词。either指“两个中的任何一个”，neither表示“两者都不”，在句子中都可用作主语、关系代词，宾语或副词。它们作主语时，动词通常用单数。 Either / Neither of them studies English. / There are shops on neither / either sid

24、e of the street. / I agree with either / neither of you. ii.下面句子中either, neither用作副词，表示“也”或“也不”的意思。 She hasnt been to Japan. I havent, either. / She hasnt been to Japan. Neither have I.,3.7.8 other, another,other指两个中的“另一个”，有复数形式others和所有格形式others；与定冠词连用表示特定对象，another 指不定数目，（至少三个）中的“另一个”或“又一个”，用作单数。它

25、们在句中可作主语、关系代词和宾语。 She has two sons. One is a teacher; the other is a lawyer./ Have you got any other books? / Four of them are in the room. What about the others? / The trousers are too long. Please show me another pair.,i. another= an+ other,不跟复数形式，但是后面附加two, three等数词或few，接复数，表示许多里面的一个。 another复数：s

26、ome others, any others ii. another + proper noun“第二” He is another Einstein. iii. other另外的人或物-pl. others; the other两者中的另一个；the others其余的人或物；others指别人。,3.7.9 one,i. one替代上文出现过的单数可数名词，复数为ones。one和ones前可用some, any, the next, which, any等修饰 A: Do you want a pen? B: Yes, I want one. ii. i) one不代替不可数名词；ii.

27、 基数词后不用one；iii) 不用于形容词性物主代词或所有格后；iv) 可说this/ that one, 不说these/ those onest iii. one ”人“ No one can do it.,iv. one + 时间名词，表示不确定的时间。 One day hell understand his mistake. v. one+ 定语从句或短语 This picture is the one i wanted to have so much. Lend me the book, the one with a red cover. vi. one/ ones有时可省略。,It; that,it指代已被提及过的同一个事物 A: Are you still using your old pen? B: No, I lost it the other day. that表示已经提到过的、同一类中的另外一个确定的对象 The pen you bo