第二十四讲 动词的时态.ppt

1、Grammar :动词的时态（Tense),Context：,last summer, I went to San Francisco. That was my first time to the US. I had been to UK before, so I thought the US might be the same as UK. But when I got there, I found that the two countries were quite different. Even though people from both countries speak English

2、 , the accents and the intonations are not the same. Another,difference lies in peoples personality. To me, the Americans are more cheerful, always laughing and telling jokes, while the British are conservative, always trying to keep their head calm. But nowadays, I can feel the influence of US on e

3、very corner of the world. Even the British are using some words that the Americans create. Maybe one day, people from all over the world will speak English with a strong American accent.,1. 一般现在时,构成： 主语+动词(vt.)+宾语 主语+动词（vi.） 主语（第三人称单数）+动词（-s, -es),be动词和have的变化,一般现在时用法：,1.讲述事实,客观真理 eg: Our teacher to

4、ld us the earth goes around the sun. Air is important to us. He does well in Physics. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2. 描述习惯性动作 标志：every day (week, year), often, always, usually, sometimes eg: Everyday he arrives at school at 7:30. School usually begins in early September.,3. 叙述现在已经

5、安排好的未来行程或其他活动。常用动词：go, come, start, leave, arrive, begin eg: The train leaves at three sharp. What time does the next train leave for New York tomorrow?,4. 在从句中，代替将来时 eg: Will you be able to come when you are free tomorrow? I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. I will stay here until he com

6、es back. If you join us, be here at 3 this afternoon. If you will help me, I shall be much obliged. （此处的if 表示意愿，不表示将来）,Exercises： 1. He never_ (walk) to school. He goes to school by bike. walks 2. If it_ (rain) tomorrow, we will put off the football match. rains 3. The river_(run)all the way to the

7、sea. runs 4. He knows clearly where his duty_(lie). lies 5. My plane_(take off)at 10am tomorrow. takes off,6. I will tell him the news as soon as I _(see) him. see 7. Here _(come) the teacher. comes 8. Ice _(feel) cold. feels,2. 一般过去时,构成： 主语+动词的过去式（vt.）+宾语 主语+动词的过去式（vi.） 动词的过去式： 规则动词+ed 不规则动词-特殊变化,一

8、般过去时用法：,1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或状态， 标志：last day (week, year), yesterday, ago, in 2001, at that time, just now, the other day(前几天）, the day before yesterday eg：I went to the US last summer.,一般过去时用法：,2. 表示过去习惯性动作 eg: He used to go camping at weekends. During our stay in Los Angeles, we often went swimming at

9、 Santa Monica Beach.,3. 现在进行时,结构： 主语+be动词（am, is , are) + doing 标志：now, at this moment, these years, in a few days, this morning( afternoon, evening), tonight, this term,现在进行时的用法：,1.动作正在进行 eg：It is raining. I am reading a book. 2. 某阶段正在进行的动作 eg：He is teaching English in a high school.,3. 最近将要发生的动作 e

10、g: I am leaving for San Francisco this summer. The train is leaving very soon. Spring Festival is coming. 4. 与always连用， 表示厌烦或赞扬 eg: He is always coming late. Im always making the same mistake. He is always practicing his shooting skills.,5. 不用进行时的动词 A：表示无意识感觉到的动词：feel, hear, see, smell, notice, tast

11、e, look, sound eg: He saw man coming towards him. You look tired. I feel cold. The dish tastes nice.,但如果表示有意识地去感受，比如feel, look, taste, listen等可用进行时 eg: How are you feeling now? -Hi, son. What are you doing there? - I am tasting the salad. He is listening to CD at the moment.,B. 表示爱憎的动词， 比如like, disl

12、ike, love, hate eg: I like sports. He hates being left alone. C. 表示思维，判断活动的词， 比如agree, disagree, believe, think, know, realize, recognize, remember, forget, see, understand eg: I dont agree with him. I see. I think you are right.,但是如果think 表示“思考”， 就可用进行时 eg: Im thinking about how to solve the proble

13、m D. 某些固定词汇或词组，比如belong to, break out, take place, oweto eg: The book doesnt belong to me. The war broke out in 1939. I owe much of my achievement to my family. I owe you 10 dollars.,4. 过去进行时,构成： 主语+be动词的过去式（was, were)+doing,过去进行时的用法：,1.表示在过去某个时间， 一个动作正在发生 eg: I was reading a book when he phone me.

14、2. 与always 连用，表示过去常做某事 eg: He was always surfing the internet when he was young.,5. 将来进行时,结构： 主语+will be + doing,将来进行时的用法：,1.表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作 eg: Everybody else will be wearing jewelry that night. 2. 表示将来某一时刻开始，并将持续下去的动作 eg: From this October on, I will be living in Sweden.,6. 现在完成进行时,结构：主语+have/has

15、been + doing 表示某个动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在 eg: I have been painting the house for a whole day. I have been reading the novel since last Saturday.,Exercises:,I have been learning (learn) English since I was 9 years old. But still I have some difficult. One day, when my Dad came back home from work. I was d

16、oing (do) my English homework. He asked me, “ How are you getting (get) along with your English study?” I told him I did make some progress, even though it was not so great. And I asked him if he could buy me,some more books. He said,“ I are leaving (leave) for Beijing tomorrow. Maybe I can find som

17、e books there for you.” I really hate (hate) waiting. Luckily tomorrow Dad will come back. This time tomorrow, I will be reading(read) the books that I have been waiting for such a long time.,7. 现在完成时,结构： 主语+have/has +done 标志：already, yet, notyet, just, never, ever today, lately, recently, in the pa

18、st (last, few）days, during the last two weeks, up to now, so far, all day, for, since etc.,现在完成时用法：,1.表示某个动作或状态从过去的一个时间开始发生， 到现在刚刚完成，且对现在造成影响 eg: He has been ill for three weeks. I have learned 12 units up till now. It has been three years since I started to learn Chinese.,eg: I have been there befo

19、re. In the past 3 years, I have collected more than 300 valuable stamps. Have you ever been to Shanghai recently? So far, nobody has ever reached that corner of the world.,Great changes have taken place since his visit to the city. 2. 在固定句式 It is the first (second) time that I have +done eg: It is t

20、he first time that I have been to the US.,8. 过去完成时,结构： 主语+ had+ done ( 过去分词）,过去完成时用法,1.表示在过去的一个动作或时间之前，发生了另一个动作或状态 在句中，如果要用过去完成时，一定要在句子中先找到一个过去的时间或过去的动作，然后才能确认在此之前发生的事件应使用过去完成时,eg: By the end of last week, they had finished half of the project. Before he came to Britain, he had visited South America

21、n. 2. 固定句型 it was first (second) time that I had + done It was the second time that he had come to China.,3. 表示“刚一.就.” eg: I had hardly got home when it began to rain. = Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. = No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,4. 某些动词的过去完成时表示 “原本打算”，“原本计划”或“原本期待

22、”，但结果没有实现 如expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire, etc. eg: I had planned to visit Scotland, but I didnt because of lack money. I had thought you would be here before 5.,9. 将来完成时,构成：主语+will/shall have + done 表示在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作或状态 eg: I shall have finished the book by next month.

23、 This time tomorrow I will have arrived in Beijing.,Exercises:,1.The time I got there, I realized that everybody_(go). had gone 2. Everybody_by the coming summer. (fully prepare) will have been fully prepared 3. I _ to see him that night, but he just didnt turn up. (expect) had expected,4. I love China, And it is the third time that I _ China. (visit) have visited 5. Before his graduation, he_in that university for three years. (stay) had stayed 6. So far, I _ never_ to Guangzhou. (be) have been,10. 一般将来时,结构： 主语+will/shall +动词原形 主语+be (am/is/are）going to +动词原形 标志：tomor