第3讲--主谓一致.pptx

1、Section 1:Coordinate Subject 1.and/bothand When coordinate sentences is the subject ,which connected by and or both and .We should pay attention to the meaning of the subject .If it is plural ,the form of verb should be plural. Otherwise ,it should be singular. Examples: Page 31(14、22、1、13、5）,2.Two

2、main principles,就近原则 由nor/or/eitheror/neitheror/not onlybut also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式按就近原则处理。 就远原则 当主语后跟有由as well as/in addition to/with/along with/together with / except等引导的从属结构时，动词形式依主语而定。 Examples: 1.An older man or a mature woman (is,are)needed for the job. 2.Ben ,together with his brothers (was,we

3、re) awarded for good study. Page31.就近（4、8、16、23、25 ) 就远 （2、19、20、29）,some exceptions in informal style. 3.If the none phrase ,connected by the word and ,has any words like each,every or many a ,the forms of the verb should be singular. etc: Many a boy (was, were) disappionted after having a PE class

4、. Page 31.（18、27） 4.主语+as much as 、rather than 、 more than 、 no less than 等结构时，the forms of verb depend on the subject. etc: Man ,no less than the lower forms of life ,(is, are)the product of evolutionary process. Join rather than his roommates,(is,are) to blame.,Section 2. Noun phrase of amount,In

5、the situation of certain quantity 1.整体概念（holistic）.if the concept of quantity is holistic ,the form of verb is plural,otherwise singular. etc:Five hunderd yuan (is, are)enough for him as living expenses. There (is,are)six silver dollars in each of the stockings. 2.加减乘除 两数相减或相除，动词用单数。Minus/divided by

6、 两数相加或相乘，单复数均可。Plus/and/times,if the nouns of amount is constituted by “分数（或百分数）+of-词组”，the form of verb depends on the kind of the 4,350-mile road (is,are)paved. 34% more(is,are)comfortably passable. If the subject is constituted by “one in /one out of +复数名词”.the verb is singular. Exceptions: 就近原则在

7、非正式语体中。 比较： One in ten students has passed the exam. One in ten students have passed the exam.,2.Rules to solve the problems in the situation of uncertain amount of noun phrases,动词单数形式情况：主语由以下形式构成 a).a portion/series/pile/ panel of +名词 b).this/a kind/sort/type of +单数或不可数名词 C).many a/more than one +名

8、词 d).an average of /a majority of +复数名词，且表示整体概念。 etc: A majority of three votes to one was recorded. Examples:P34.(22、29、46）,动词复数形式情况：出现以下结构的,These /many /several kinds of +nouns An average of/a majority of +plural nouns,且表示多数个体概念。 etc: The majority of students (is,are) hardworking. P35(41),动词形式不定的情

9、况,若主语是All of /some of/none of /half of /most of 等表示非确定数量名词词组 若主语是由“ lots of /heaps of/loads of /scads of /plenty of +nouns”构成，表许多 出现上述情况时，动词形式 依名词类别而定 etc: Some of the students are crying. Lots of food is going to waste.,d. Exceptions,比较：This kind of dogs are cute.(wrong) Dogs of this kind are cute.

10、 在this/a kind/sort/type of + noun 结构中通常不用复数名词，若用就 在非正式语体中，常见“these/those kind of + 复数名词”这样的结构作主语，随后的动词用复数。 etc: These kind of men are unreliable.,Section 3: Other situations,Nominal clause 1.由what、 who、why、 how、 whether等wh-等词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后动词用单数。 etc :What they want is some financial aids. When the s

11、ub , two clauses ,is connected by and ,and if it means two things, the form of verb should be plural. etc: What he thought and did at home are not important.,When the complement of sub(主句补语) are plural，the verb can be plural. Etc: What was real to him were the details of his actions . If the complem

12、ent and verb of what- clause are both plural ,the verb can be plural. etc: P36 2. infinitive and ing clauses. when they are sub ,the verb should be singular. etc: Playing games is very exciting. Exceptions: 以两个and连接的并列非限定分句作主语，若指的是两件事，动词用复数。若指的是一件事，动词用单数。,3.Relative clause,在“one of + 复数名词+关系分句”，关系分句

13、的动词单复数问题。 语法一致原则： etc: Han is one of the students who always do sth exciting . Sometimes if we want to stress the one, the verb can be singular .And its common in Britain. etc:Han is the one of the students who always does sth interesting.,If there are some words like the /the only before the struct

14、ure, the verb is singular. etc: Ben is the only one of those boys who is eager to be a pilot. 4.Cleft sentence(分裂句) I am It is who to blame he is 在it is+who-分句中，形式与主语一致,Exceptions: In informal style ,the focus element could be replaced by me. And the verb in that-sentence is singular . etc: It is me that is to blame.