Scotland英文介绍苏格兰.ppt

1、North of the border: Scotland,Did you know?,Loch Ness Edinburgh Battle of Culloden Charles Edward Stuart,Riding the marches Bagpipe Hammer throwing Caber tossing Highland dances Tartan,Scotland: introduction,Theterrain地形ofScotland is predominantly突出地 mountainous but may be divided into three distinc

2、t 截然不同的regions, from north to south: the Highlands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. More than one-half of the surface of Scotland is occupied占据 by the Highlands, the most rugged高低不平的 region on the island of Great Britain.,Grampian Mountains, Scotland,Grampian Mountains, Scotland,The

3、Grampian Mountains in central Scotland form a natural division分界线 between the Lowlands and Highlands. Cairn Gorm Peak, shown here, has an elevation海拔 of 1245 m and is one of the Grampians major summits.,Scotland: introduction,TothesouthoftheHighlands lies the Central Lowlands, a narrow belt comprisi

4、ng由什么组成 only about one-tenth of the area of Scotland, but containing the majority of the countrys population. ThepopulationofScotland was 5,128,000. Nearly three-quarters of the Scots live in the Central Lowlands.,Shetland Islands,Scotland: introduction,Liketheclimateofthe rest of Britain, that of S

5、cotland is subject 受什么影响to the moderating 适中的influences of the surrounding seas. As a result of these influences, extreme seasonal 季节性的variations 变化are rare, and temperate温和 winters and cool summers are the outstanding climatic features.,Loch Ness,Loch Ness is a long, narrow lake in northern Scotlan

6、d. It extends in a northeastern direction for 37 km. The average width of the lake is about 2 km, and the greatest depth is about 230 m. The lake is reportedly 据说the home of the so-called Loch Ness monster怪物, but its existence存在 has never been proven.,Edinburgh,Edinburgh, the second largest city in

7、Scotland, is the capital of Scotland. It is Scotlands financial, cultural, educational, and service-industry center and one of Britains major tourist centers. The average January and July temperatures for the city of Edinburgh are 3 C and 14 C respectively.分别的,Edinburgh, Scotland,Edinburgh,Among Edi

8、nburghs cultural institutions are the National Gallery of Scotland, the Scottish National Portrait肖像 Gallery美术陈列室 , the Royal Scottish Museum, and museums of modern art and Scottish history. The Edinburgh International Festival, held here annually since 1947, is a world-renowned 有声誉的arts festival. T

9、he University of Edinburgh is especially noted for its schools of medicine and law.,Edinburgh,Edinburghs central dominating主要的 landmark标志 is Edinburgh Castle. Edinburgh Castle, historically the principal royal皇家的 fortress堡垒 of Scotland, perched 位于on Castle Rock, a massive volcanic火山的 rock that tower

10、s dramatically over the city of Edinburgh. Edinburgh Castle consists of a group of buildings dating from the 14th to the 17th century. The 11th-century Chapel of Saint Margaret, Edinburghs oldest structure, is located here.,Edinburgh Castle,Battle of Culloden,Battle of Culloden, a campaign 战役fought

11、in Culloden Moor, northeastern Scotland, on April 16, 1746. The battle marked the end of an ineffective无效的 effort by Charles Edward Stuart to depose废王位 George II and gain the British throne王座. The Scottish forces under Charles Edward had attempted to surprise the British troops军队 by night. However,

12、this attempt failed, and the next morning they were attacked by the British army under George IIs son William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland.,Battle of Culloden,The Highlanders were much fatigued 疲乏的from the unsuccessful march of the previous前一天 night, and their losses exceeded 超地1000, while the victo

13、rs lost less than 300. After the battle, Charles Edward escaped to France. This was the last land battle that was fought in Great Britain, and it marked the end of the armed 武装efforts of the Stuart family to recover the British throne王位.,Charles Edward Stuart,Charles Edward Stuart, who is called The

14、 Young Pretender妄求者, and Bonnie Prince Charlie is the grandson of James II of England. Charles Edward is determined to drive George II from the British throne. In 1745, he arrived in Scotland, where a number of Highland clans部落 came to his assistance援助.,Charles Edward Stuart,Charles Edward Stuart to

15、ok Edinburgh, defeated a British force at Prestonpans, and advanced as far south as Derby, England, before being forced to retreat撤退. In April 1746, however, his forces were utterly 完全地routed at Culloden Moor. Charles Edward Stuart escaped to France in September 1746.,Riding the marches,An annual ce

16、remony that takes place in a number of towns in southern Scotland. It involves riding on horseback around the marches (borders) of the town and inspecting 检查the boundary 边界stones. A young man takes the riding flag. Other riders join him as they ride in the streets along the border.,Riding the marche

17、s,In the days of the border wars between England and Scotland in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries the town boundaries frequently had to be redefined after a destructive 破坏性的enemy attack. People ride along the border between Scotland and England to demonstrate证明 how they are independent and differe

18、nt from English.,Scottish Flag,Bagpipe,Bagpipe,The bagpipe 风笛is a musical instrument of Celtic凯尔特人 origins which consists of an inflated 膨胀的bag, usually leather; one or two chanters吟唱者, melody pipes with finger holes; and one or more drones, harmony pipes which each produce one tone. Wind is supplie

19、d in bagpipe to one or more reed-sounded pipes from a bag inflated by the performer, either through a blowpipe or by a bellows. Because the wind supply is continuous, the sounding pipes normally cannot be silent, and repeated melody notes must be articulated 连接by inserting grace notes (notes of extr

20、emely short duration) between them.,Bagpipe,The simplest bagpipes have a cane pipe with a single reed 簧片cut in the side; often two parallel 平行pipes are present, one a chanter (melody pipe) and the other a drone (harmony pipe). Bagpipeswere probably introduced by the Romans, who acquired them in the

21、Middle East. Bagpipes were generally known in Europe and western Asia by the time of the Roman Empire, often as shepherds instruments. The earliest surviving Scottish Highland pipe dates from 1409.,Bagpipe,Although bagpipes are found throughout the world, Scotland is probably the country most identi

22、fied with the instrument. Around 1670, bagpipers began to play for the Highland troops serving the English Army. Since that time, bagpipers have accompanied Scottish troops through many wars.,Bagpipers on Parade阅兵,Highland Games,Hammer throwing, and caber tossingare typical highland games in Scotlan

23、d. The practice of hammer throwing was supposedly started by a group of hardy blacksmiths铁匠. Bored with their work, they decided to see who could throw a hammer the farthest. The object used in modern hammer-throwing contests is a metal ball weighing approximately大约 9 kg and attached to a wooden han

24、dle by a chain.,Highland Games,The tedium沉闷 of work also led to the creation of another highland sport, caber tossing. Before cutting a downed tree into lengths suitable适当的 for building houses, loggers 樵夫often challenged one another to lift the enormous log and throw it. Cabers range from 5 to 6 m i

25、n length and weigh 40 to 50 kg. The longer the caber, the more difficult it is to throw. Often the logs are soaked 浸湿in water to make them heavier.,Highland Games,Once the caber is balanced, the athlete runs in the direction of the toss. With momentum活力 established, the athlete stops, bends slightly

26、, and lets the caber fall forward. At the proper moment, the athlete then heaves the caber in the direction of the fall. In a good throw, the tapered end of the pole flips up and away from the athlete. Ideally, the pole should flip over itself causing the wide end to hit the ground first before fall

27、ing to rest horizontally水平地.,Highland Games,With the athlete remaining in place, a judge “reads” the throw according to a clock face. With the athlete standing at 6 oclock, a perfect toss points the tapered end of the caber to 12 oclock. The closer an athlete throws to 12, the more likely he is to w

28、in.,Highland Dancers of Scotland,Highland Dancers of Scotland,Traditional Highland dances of Scotland began as military dances, performed before or after battle. The Highland fling, for example, was originally performed by Highlanders to celebrate a victory, and the bagpipe is most often associated

29、with it. Here, at the annual Aboyne Highland Games, dancers perform wearing the traditional Scottish attire服装, including tams and kilts苏格兰方格呢短裙.,Tartan格子呢,Tartan, name given to certain geometrical几何 patterns woven into cloth, or to the cloth itself, from which are made the garments 外衣traditionally worn in the Highlands of Scotland. Stripes 条纹of varying 改变widths and colors, crossing at right angles against a solid background, form the distinctive与众不同 patterns, associated with the Scottish clans, and certain districts of Scotland.,Tartan,The Canadian province of Nova