大学英语精读第二册 Unit Five.ppt

1、阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦(1879-1955),他是一位德裔美籍科学家, 历史上最伟大的理论物理学家之一, 以提出狭义与广义相对论著称. 对物质动力论与比热原理贡献卓著,是量子论的先驱之一. 爱因斯坦出生于德国一犹太人家庭,他从小即对简单代数和几何问题兴趣浓厚, 14岁接触自然科学书籍, 受到极大影响而将兴趣转向理论物理学. 1916年发表广义相对论, 1921年获诺贝尔物理学奖, 以表扬他在光电效应方面的成就. 爱因斯坦以钟情于“简单与真理”的信念而闻名于世, 完全不受传统枷锁束缚, 具有高度的幽默感. 他继承母亲对古典音乐的爱好, 拉得一手好小提琴; 偏好帆船运动. 他致力于研究工作, 却不象牛

2、顿一样与人隔绝疏离, 他对前辈大师相当敬重. 他的成就为他赢得了二十世纪理论物理学之父的尊称.,E=mc2,这是爱因斯坦著名的光电学公式, E代表能量(energy), m为物质(mass), C为光速, 为3108 米/秒, 光速为一定值. 能量等于质量乘以光速的平方, 质量和能量可以互相转化.,Woolworths 伍尔沃思连锁店,它由美国商业家伍尔沃思创办, 原来只出售5分钱和10分钱的货品,现在也出售其他不贵的日常小用品.伍尔沃思最初在许多商店当职员, 他从5分钱商店起家, 在许多城市开办连锁店, 最终成为多种银行和信托公司的董事. 1912-1913年他在纽约城修建了著名的伍尔沃思大

3、厦, 曾是人们知道的世界最高建筑.,Correspond with 与通信, exchange letters regularly with与通信; e.g. Bob and Kate had corresponded with each other for several years before they saw each other. (鲍勃和凯特见面之前已经通信了多年.) Though John was in prison, Linda corresponded with him. (虽然约翰在坐牢, 琳达仍然和他通信.) be in agreement with 与一致, 符合; e

4、.g. The house exactly corresponds with my needs. (这房子恰恰合我的需要.) Her white hat and shoes correspond with her white dress very well. (她的白帽子, 白鞋子与白色的服装很相配.),Ex. 15 Translate the following sentences into English.,1. 那个小女孩跑得太快, 身体一下失去平衡, 跌倒了 The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and

5、fell down.,2. 他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)给我留下了很深的印象, 但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣.,I was deeply impressed by his devotion to research, but Im not interested at all in his profound theories.,3. 千万别说可能会被误解的话. (capable of),Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.,4. 我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了, 不知如何去

6、做才是.,I am bewildered by their contradictory opinions and do not know how to do.,5. 起初,这个复杂问题使他们感到灰心丧气, 但经过仔细思考他们终于研究出了解决办法.,At first, this complicated problem frustrated them. After thinking it over and over, they finally worked out a solution.,6. 体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了.,The head of the sports d

7、elegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of fresh flowers.,7. 这学期我们都学习得不错, 我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人.(single out),This term all of us have made achievements in our studies. I really dont know why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise,8.我相信比

8、较高级的(higher)的动物是由比较低级(lower)的动物进化而来(develop from)的这一学说.,I believe in the theory that the higher animals are developed from the lower ones.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气的使用范围及判断: 一 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。 二 if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 If 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句（如在阴天说if it rains, we woul

9、d not go out), 反之为非真实条件句, 要用虚拟语气。 三 假设条件一般为: 与过去事实相反, 从句谓语动词用过去完成时,主句动词为情态动词完成时态。 e.g. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.,与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句动词为情态动词动词原形。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 与将来事实可能相反，从句谓语动词用过去将来时，主句动词为情态动词动词原形。 e.g. If it should snow t

10、omorrow, they couldnt go out. 主句谓语动词为情态动词（should, would, could）和相应的从句一致的动词形式。,四、 if 条件句中如果有were, should, had, 可以省去if, 并使用倒装句序。 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 一 wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断： 1与现在和将来相反的事实，从句谓语动词用过去时态； e.g. I wish I were a bird. 2与过去相反的事实，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。 e.g. I wished he hadnt done that.,二 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面

11、的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 从句用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should 可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。 e.g. I insisted that he (should) go with them. He suggest that a meeting (should) be held to discuss the matter. He demanded that I (should)

12、 help him. 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。e.g.,1) He insisted that he was honest. 2) The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what he got. 3) I had done for him. 三 would rather + 从句: 在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。 e.g. I would rather you did this instead of me. 主语从句中的虚

13、拟语气 一 It be + 形容词+ that. (should). 用于该句型的形容词有： necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, etc. e.g.,1) It is necessary that we should get everything ready by the end of the week. 2) Its natural that he should feel hurt. 一些名词也可用于此结构中. 如 a pity, no w

14、onder,二 It be + 过去分词 that(should) 用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。 e.g. It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 三 It is time (about time/ high time) that.(过去时动词形式或should + 动词原形). e.g. It is high time I went home now = It is high time I should go home now. 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气、其谓语动词为： should +