倒装语法.ppt

1、倒装句,原因,语法结构的需要 强调或修饰手段的需要,倒装结构的种类,完全倒装: 将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。 部分倒装: 将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 Exercises,(1) 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away, ahead,now, then, thus 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。 Out rushed a

2、 missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. In came our teacher. There goes the bell. Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War. 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。 There came shouts for help from the river. There lies

3、 a large wheat field in front of the house. Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.,(2) 直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。 Let go , said the man. (3) 将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。这种倒装句主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词.如： In front of the tower flews a stream. Around the lake are som

4、e tall trees. In front of the mountain stood a girl, waving to us. Between the two buildings stands a tree. 注：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。,(1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until, not only 等。 Never have I seen such a performance

5、. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. （当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装） 以下短语中否定词位于句首时复合句前半部分也应使用部分倒装，后半部分不用倒装： 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticiz

6、ed the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.,注意：hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。 The bell hardly had rung when t

7、he class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began. 只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。 例：Hardly any people having

8、been invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。）,2）only，often等副词位于句首时也应使用倒装句型 Often did he come here with a good smile on his face. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 注意：Only + 名词做主语（位于句首）时，不可倒装。如：

9、 Only Li Lei can answer this question. 只有李蕾能回答这个问题。,3) so, neither, nor表示也、也不时采用部分倒装 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither will I. 注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -Its raining hard. -So it is.,(4)结构sothat/ suchthat引

10、导状语从句，当so或such提到句首时，主句须用倒装语序。如： So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it. (比较) Such a good girl is she that we all like her. So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. *在强调表语的句中表语提前,常不仅是为了强调, 而且是为了是句子结构达到平衡,使带有较长修饰的主语放在句子的后部,以免头重脚轻.(多数以SUCH作表语) Such were the viewpo

11、ints of the workers. Such would be our home in the future.,(5)当虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, had, should等谓语动词时，可将if省略，而将were, had, should提到句首，形成部分倒装。如： Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it. Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early.,(6) as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引起的倒装分三种情况：表语、动词原形及状语的倒

12、装。 a.原形动词的倒装。A. 动词前面带有情态动词may, might, will, would, can, could等时，只将行为动词提到句首，而这些情态动词保留在原处。B. 若动词前面没有情态动词时，应在动词原来的位置加上助动词do的适当形式。C. 用于这一句型的动词一般是不及物动词，而不能是系动词或及物动词。如： Try again as / though he will, he cant succeed. 尽管他还会再试一试，但是它不会成功。 Swim as / though he can, he cant swim so far. 尽管他会游泳，但是他游不得那么远。 Run as

13、 / though he did, he didnt run fast enough to catch the bus. 虽然他跑，但是他跑得不够快而没有赶上汽车。,b.表语的倒装。一般直接将表语提前到句首，若表语是带不定冠词a / an的单数可数名词，倒装后，不定冠词a / an须被省略。如： Child as he is, he knows much about the society. (句首名词不能带任何冠词) Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases. Old as / though he is,

14、he workslike a young man. c. 状语倒装。如： In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesnt read his texts. Carefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes.,(7) may用来表示祝愿时，一般用部分倒装。如： May you have a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 May you succeed. 祝你成功。,1)Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont k

15、now, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 2) Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 3) Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I

16、 realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize,4) Where is Kate? Look,_, she is at the school gate. A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is5)Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush 6) _, he knows a lot of things.A. A child as he is B. C

17、hild as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he 7)So carelessly _that he almost killed himself.A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive8)Only after liberation _ to be treated as human beings.A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun9)Only when _in the afternoon _ able to leave.A. the match was over; they were B. was the match over; were theyC. was the match over; they were D. the match was over; were they,10) _had I finished my translation when the class was over.A. Never B. No sooner C. H