定语从句 (2)

1、The Attributive Clause,(定语从句),什么是定语？,Who is Jane?,Jane Toms grandmother,The young girl is Jane.,Which woman is your aunt?,The woman under the tree is my aunt.,my aunt,my sister,定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、 短语或句子。,1. The red pen is broken. 2. The pen on the desk is broken.,定语从句,概念:修饰名词或代词的句子.,(Attributive clause)

2、,句子作定语,修饰名词music,She is the only one whos studying French.,句子作定语,修饰代词one,I like music that I can dance to.,Which woman is your sister?,my aunt,my sister,The woman who is sitting on the floor is my sister.,Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,The baby is Jack.,The baby is Jack.,whose trousers are red,

3、who is wearing red trousers,Jack,定语从句构成： 先行词+关系词+从句 关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分，而且先行词一定会在从句中做成分，可能是主语，宾语或状语。从句可以还原成为一个完整的句子。,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,who, whom, whose, which, that,where, when, why,1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词的作用： 1. 引导一个定语从句； 2. 在从句中代替先行词； 3. 在从句中担任

4、某一句子成份。,Mary is a girl.,A girl has long hair.,Mary is a girl,who has long hair.,I have an apple.,An apple is red.,I have an apple,that is red.,修饰 an apple,I have some friends.,Some friends like sports.,I have some friends,who like sports.,修饰先行词 friends,I like the movie. The movie is exciting.,I like

5、 the movie that is exciting .,that 修饰先行词movie,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,The woman lives next door.,who修饰先行词woman,定语从句关系代词的用法:,1)当先行词是物时, 用which/that引导.,These are the trees which/that were planted last year.,2)当先行词是人时, 用who/that引导.,Mary is a girl who/that has

6、 long hair.,that既可以指人又可以指物,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,who/th

7、at在定语从句中做主语时,谓语 动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。 1) I prefer shoes that are cool. 2) I like a pizza that is really delicious. 3) I love singers who are beautiful. 4) I have a friend who plays sports.,Exercises:翻译句子. 1) 他喜欢晴朗的天气。 He likes the weather 2) 我喜欢那些不太贵的鞋子。 I like the shoes 3) 我喜欢容易相处的朋友。 I like the friends

8、 4) 我有一个喜欢做运动的朋友。 I have a friend,that is sunny.,that are too expensive.,who are easy to get on with.,who likes playing sports.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers t

9、he cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.,The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from

10、 his parents farm.,The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.,The boys who are playing football are from Class One.,The man whom they wanted to visit is a scientist.,1. who指人, 在从句中做主语(不能省),2. whom指人, 在从句中充当宾语 (常可省),特别提醒：,1) Football

11、is a game which is liked by most boys.,3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语 或者宾语，做宾语时可省略,主语，不能省,2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.,宾语，可省,4. that指人时, 相当于who或whom; 指 物时, 相当于which。 在宾语从句中 做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。,The girl who/that we saw yesterday is Anna.,2) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.,注： 当one, ones

12、, anybody, anyone, all, none, those, he, they, that, you 等作先行词时（ 指人）一般用who，不用that. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 想去看电影的人必须在校门口等。,This is the teacher _ will go to the south with us tomorrow. (2) Is that the student _ the teacher is talking with? (3) I

13、 like the present _ youve sent to me. (4) The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well. (5) This is the job _ weve never done before.,who/that,who/that/whom,that/which,who/that/whom,that/which,(6) This is the man _I met yesterday. (7) This radio set _ we have had for two years is a good one. (

14、8) This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. (9) The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. (10) The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.,who/that/whom,that/which,that/which,who/that,who/that/whom,who, whom, whose, that用法区别.,who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a wo

15、rker.,The man is a worker.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,分解,作主语,Whom 作定语从句的宾语,The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,They wanted to visit the woman.,分解,作宾语,whose 作定语从句的定语.,I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.,分解,I know the girl.,The girls mother is a te

16、acher.,作定语,1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.,2. I have bought a house whose windows face south.,3. Please pass me the book whose cover is green.,She is the girl _ talked with me yesterday. 还原为: the girl talked with me yesterday. 因先行词为人，且在从句中做主语，所以选用引导词who,2. He has a friend _ father is a

17、doctor.,whose,who,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿). A. who B. whose C. whos D. which,2. The man is a worker.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,1. I like the movie. The movie is exciting.,I like the movie that is exciting

18、.,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,3. The woman is a teacher. The woman lives next door.,4. Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,Mary who has long hair is a girl.,1) 先行词既有人又有物时;,只用that不用which,常见的情况有：,2) 先行词前面有最高级或序数词修饰时;, He is the first person that passed the exam., He is the hardest man

19、(that) I have ever met.,The film star (人) and her film (物) that you have just talked about is well-known.,3) 当先行词前面有the only, the same, the last, the very时;,The only thing (that) I want to do is to have a rest.,5. 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或

20、者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时;,4.在who, which引导的特殊疑问句中, 定语从句 中避免重复,一般也只用that; 1) Who is the man that is standing there? 2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?,1) Is there anything that you dont know?,2) I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.,Exercise 2.,M

21、y father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here. 5. This is the best n

22、ovel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree? 7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,A. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whom,This is the scientist _ name is known all over t

23、he country. 2. I have found a man _ can help you. 3. He _ plays with fire gets hurt. 4. Which statement _ is made according to the passage is right? 5. Is there anything more in this article_ you think is wrong?,D,A,A,C,C,6. She heard a terrible noise _brought her heart into mouth. 7. The young man

24、was very happy to get back the gold ring _ he had lost on the train. 8. The man _ is shaking hands with the headmaster is a policeman. 9. The famous basketball star _ you wish to see has come. 10. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _ none of us has ever heard of.,A. Who

25、 B. which C. that D. whose E. whom,B,B,A,E,C,A. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whom,11. This the best film _ I have ever seen. 12. Those _ break the law must be punish. 13.This is the only answer _ we think is right. 14. I know the student from _ you borrowed the dictionary. 15. That is the factor

26、y in _ they once worked.,C,A,C,E,B,用适当的关系词填空,1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.,4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 y

27、ears old.,5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/that,whom,6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,which/that,7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can do is to study hard.,9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.,that,that,that,句子翻译,1. 这就是救了那个

28、孩子命的医生.,This is the doctor who saved the boys life.,2. 正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.,The man who is running is my uncle.,3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.,I like the music that I can sing along with.,4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,定语从句关系副词的用法:,1、Where指地点，在从句中充当地点状语。 This is the place where (in which

29、) we lived ten years ago. 2、 When指时间，在从句中充当时间状语。 He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party. 3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。 I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.,when 作时间状语: She will never forget the day. She was married on that day.,She will never forget the day when (=on which) sh

30、e was married.,It was the year. The World War I broke out in the year.,It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.,When = 介词 + which,where 作地点状语,I want to know the place. I was born there.,I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.,The table where (= at which ) she is s

31、itting is a new one.,where = 介词 + which,The table is a new one. She is sitting on it.,why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason.,That is the reason why(= for which) Im late.,I know the reason why he said it.,why = for which,关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区别:,同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where, 有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whe

32、n， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点： 一：先行词在从句中所作成分； 二：定语从句中的谓语动词是否 一个及物动词。,1) This is the place where you worked. 2) This is the place which you visited. 1)还原后为: you worked in the place, 先行词the place做状语,所以用副词where作状语。 2)还原后为: you visited the place，先 行词the place 做visited的宾语，所以 用代词which做宾语。,1) This is the factory _ I visited last year. 2) This is the factory _ I worked last year. 3) This is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose,以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分； 1）还原为: I visited the factory.是动宾关系，因此选