新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit 3 A篇练习答案及课文翻译

1、Contents,Active Reading 1,1. Whats your first impression of American football game? 2. What are the differences between American football and soccer? 3. Watch the video clip and discuss the cruelty and wildness of sports.,Warming Up,American football is a ball game with complex rules and intricate s

2、trategies, played in a number of countries but mainly in the US. Each team has 11 players on the field at a time (out of 46 in a whole team who are divided into offence, defence and specialized teams) and each player has a specialized role or task for each specific play. Players carry the egg-shaped

3、 ball and pass or hand it backwards to others (a “running play”) or throw it forwards to team-mates (a “passing play”). Opposing players may “tackle” a player running with ball (by pushing, grasping or pulling) or block other players.,Warming Up,Plays usually begin with a “scrimmage” in which player

4、s on the field take up particular formations for offence and defence and consist of a series of “downs” (rapid bursts of play in which the offence attempts to advance the ball towards their opponents endzone), outside of which the ball is “dead” (out of play). The main points are scored by a 6-point

5、 “touchdown” (when the ball is taken to the opponents end zone), a 3-point “field goal” (when the ball is kicked through the opponents goal posts), or a 2-point “safety” (by tackling an opposing ball carrier in their own end zone).,Warming Up,Players need strength, speed, technique and high collabor

6、ation and understanding of teamwork in different plays. Because the game stops after every “down”, teams have many opportunities to change the “plays”, choosing different ones from a wide repertoire with different strategies (safer or more risky, disguised or deceptive, easy or more complex ones), w

7、hich makes American football like a war game. Soccer is a word for the game of football. The word soccer is used so that it is not confused with American football.,Warming Up,Text,Blowing the whistle on soccer,Discuss the questions,Go to the text,Text,1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 2 Loo

8、k at the title and the first two paragraphs of the passage and answer the questions.,Text,1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What are the most popular sports in China? 2 Do you think foreigners can understand Chinese sports such as tai chi and kung fu? 3 Do you understand foreign sports, s

9、uch as football and tennis? 4 How much do you think national culture is reflected in sports?,Text,1 What are the most popular sports in China? Well, I believe it has been a tradition that sports like basketball, table tennis, badminton, volleyball, swimming, gymnastics, martial arts and tai chi are

10、the most popular sports in China. However, in recent years, football has certainly become very popular, along with some other sports like golf, tennis, skiing, car racing and snooker.,Text,2 Do you think foreigners can understand Chinese sports such as tai chi and kung fu? This is a strange question

11、. Why not? Chinese people can surely understand sports which have come to China from other countries, invented or developed by foreigners, cant they? So the reverse must also be true. Many foreigners are interested in traditional Chinese sports like martial arts and tai chi, and if they learn them w

12、ell they can understand them.,Text,3 Do you understand foreign sports, such as football and tennis? Well, I know the sports, but I dont know the rules and hardly watch them. Yes. I understand a bit. Football is a ball game in which two teams of 11 players, using any part of their bodies except their

13、 hands and arms, try to manoeuver the ball into the opposing teams goal. Tennis is played on a court by two players (or four for doubles). Players on opposite sides of a net hit a ball over the net with a racket so that it lands on the other side of the court.,Text,4 How much do you think national c

14、ulture is reflected in sports? I believe participating in sports is a very important way to publicize, popularize and develop a national culture. Through sports, the nation shows its sporting spirit, and also the condition of its sports facilities, which indicate the general quality of life. For exa

15、mple, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and Para-Olympics were successful sporting events which showed how the Chinese nation is keen to implement its motto of “One World, One Dream”.,Text,Chinese people demonstrated their devotion to the ideals of peace, respect, care and working for a better life, an

16、d they shared their vision with all other nations. From the events and ceremonies, people all over the world could see that China has developed into a modern society, with good sporting, transport and living facilities. Chinese people heartily supported the events, and were enthusiastic about helpin

17、g foreign visitors enjoy their time during the events in China.,Text,2 Look at the title and the first two paragraphs of the passage and answer the questions. 1 Blow the whistle on someone or something means to tell people about something you know is wrong. Why do you think the writer chose this tit

18、le? 2 Is baseball a popular sport in France? 3 Is the writer French or American? 4 Is baseball a popular sport for Americans? 5 Is soccer a popular sport for Americans? 6 Will the rest of the passage describe baseball or soccer? 7 Will it be a factual description or a humorous one? 8 Does the writer

19、 enjoy watching soccer and find it exciting? 9 Is the writer looking forward to the World Cup?,Text,1 Blow the whistle on someone or something means to tell people about something you know is wrong. Why do you think the writer chose this title? The use of the phrase blow the whistle here is a pun, w

20、hich indicates a) something needs to be said about soccer and, b) the referee blows a whistle to start and stop a soccer match. 2 Is baseball a popular sport in France? No. I dont think so. But football is very popular there.,Text,3 Is the writer French or American? I believe the writer is an Americ

21、an, because the writer indicates that baseball is a foreign sport to his French friend, but baseball is popular in the US. 4 Is baseball a popular sport for Americans? Oh, yes. Baseball is played in schools and by professionals. Other popular sports include basketball, American football and ice hock

22、ey, I understand. But in the 2008 Olympics, the US team only won the bronze for baseball. The Korean team won the gold!,Text,5 Is soccer a popular sport for Americans? Unfortunately it is not, although there is more interest in it now. The writer indicates this with: “I will have no clue whats going

23、 on out there on the pitch.” 6 Will the rest of the passage describe baseball or soccer? I guess it is about soccer, since the last few sentences talk about how puzzled the writer is about soccer. 7 Will it be a factual description or a humorous one? Well, it is likely to be a humorous one. The firs

24、t paragraph describing his French friend has set the tone of the passage through its use of humour, showing that the passage isnt really serious.,Text,8 Does the writer enjoy watching soccer and find it exciting? I doubt it very much, since the writer claims “Im colliding with this same cultural bar

25、rier”, where people dont know the rules and reasons for the excitement of a game. 9 Is the writer looking forward to the World Cup? Not really. The writer talks about how much he is puzzled by soccer (“I will have no clue whats going on out there”), and states that it is time for a critical assessme

26、nt of the sport (“blow the whistle on the so-called beautiful game”).,Blowing the whistle on soccer 1 A French friend of mine got a big laugh at a dinner party recently with his account of the game of baseball: “Seven guys stand around in a field doing nothing while two of their teammates throw the

27、ball back and forth.”,Text,2 I understand its hard to get excited about a foreign sport if you didnt grow up with it. Now Im colliding with this same cultural barrier. The World Cup soccer tournament begins on June 9 and I will have no clue whats going on out there on the “pitch”. It seems a good ti

28、me to blow the whistle on the so-called beautiful game.,Text,3 I have been watching soccer for years and all I can see on the field is 22 grown men in shorts running around madly trying to kick the ball and tripping over each other. I guess the object is to get the ball into the net (also known as t

29、he goal), but if it ever gets close it looks like an accident. 4 What we have here, it would seem, is a game of chance.,Text,5 For an hour and a half, the field is a scene of sheer chaos as the ball sails back and forth and the fans hum some mournful tune reminiscent of “The Slaves Chorus” from Nabu

30、cco. Neither team seems to be in control. 6 The scoring system says it all. Most finals are 00, 10 or 21, indicating that games tend to be stand-offs and its a matter of luck to be ahead when time runs out. To put a good face on it, they call this tension or suspense.,Text,7 Newcomers to soccer most

31、ly Americans might wonder how many ways points can be scored. Besides kicking the ball it is permitted to whack it in mid-air with your head, which is not the best use of the cranium, as doctors will tell you. 8 To be honest, though, many goals are scored by the ball accidentally bouncing off random

32、 players who get in the way. The crowd loves these, especially when a defenders leg sends the ball by chance, of course into his own net.,Text,9 Goals are the best illustration of the chance nature of this game. Ninety per cent of goal shots (known as “chances” or, in hopeless cases, “half chances”,

33、 or in France, opportunits ) are either blocked or are so far off course that they soar deep into the stands. 10 If the ball happens to be aimed about right and slips through the forest of hairy legs, its sheer luck. The shooter, or “striker”, then takes full credit for this accident, peels off his

34、shirt and sprints around in circles as four or five fellow players jump on his back to try to stop him and get his shirt back on. 11 The chaos resumes, the humming in the stands starts up again, and the clock slowly ticks away toward 90 long minutes.,Text,12 Unlike baseball or basketball, precision

35、ball-handling is not a top priority in soccer except perhaps for Thierry Henry and a couple of Brazilians. Lets face it, God never meant for most of us to control a ball with the feet while running at top speed. 13 Periodically a player gets an elbow in the face and goes down writhing. The clock sto

36、ps while little men with black bags rush over and massage his phony-baloney injury, after which he jumps up good as new. The player who elbowed him gets something called a “yellow card”, a mild reprimand.,Text,14 How can you have a sport in which strategies and regulations are so obscure? Besides th

37、e mystery of “injury time”, there is something called the “offside rule”, which deems, roughly, that the striker cannot receive the ball unless at least two opposing players are ahead of him. Why not? This leaves everyone perplexed. 15 Not to worry even professional commentators are at a loss for wo

38、rds. The BBCs voice of soccer, John Motson, notes that there is no “universal interpretation” of the offside rule. Imagine real football with no agreement on what “touchdown” means.,Text,16 Why does your typical soccer match seem so out of control? Simple. Only one referee is on the field, and he is

39、 responsible for keeping 22 hopped-up athletes in line. He allows no backtalk (for this, you get a “red card” and a shower) but most of the infractions pushing, punching, tripping, kneeing, handballing are committed when he isnt looking. But the fans see them, setting off more moans in the stands. 1

40、7 The mystery remains why so many people flock to see this game. I must be missing something.,Text,Text,揭足球的短 1 我的一位法国朋友在最近的一次晚宴上说起垒球时哈哈大笑：“当两个队友在场上来回投球时，另外七个小伙子在边上站着无事可做。”,Text,2 我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感兴趣。现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。6月9号世界杯足球赛就要开始了，而我对球员在“球场”上干些什么却一无所知。看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。,Text,3 我看

41、足球也有好几年了，我所看到的就是22个穿着短裤的成年人在场上疯狂地奔跑，力争踢到球，互相绊倒对方。我猜想他们的目的是要把球踢进网里（也叫球门），可是，如果不是碰巧的话，球是很难靠近球门的。 4 看起来，我们现在谈论的是一项靠运气取胜的运动。,Text,5 整整一个半小时，球场上一片混乱：球飞来飞去，球迷们在哼着一首悲伤的曲子，让人想起纳布卡的“奴隶合唱团”。双方队员好像都失控了。 6 记分法说明了一切：多数球赛都是以00、10或21结束，这意味着球赛结果倾向于平局，如果比赛结束时一方胜出了，那只是因为他们运气好。为了粉饰这种现象，他们称这样的比赛为“激烈”或“有悬念”。,Text,7 足球新人

42、大多是美国人或许不知道有多少种得分法。除了用脚踢球之外，在空中用头顶球也是允许的。可医生会告诉你，这可不是脑袋的最大用途。 8 老实说，很多进球是从某个无意中挡住球的球员身上反弹进球门的。观众喜欢这种进球，尤其是防守队员当然是偶然地把球送进了自家的网内。,Text,9 射门最好地说明了这种比赛的碰运气性质：90% 的射门（被称为“机会”，或在无望的情况下，称为“半个机会”；在法国称为opportunits）或被挡住，或因为射得太偏球直接飞上了看台。 10 万一球碰巧瞄准了，穿过长满毛的队员的腿滑进球门，那纯粹是运气。射门的人，亦称“前锋”，会因为纯属偶然的进球而独揽所有的赞誉，他会脱掉球衣，绕

43、圈猛跑，四、五个队友会扑到他的背上阻止他，让他穿上球衣。 11 接着又恢复了混乱，看台上的观众又开始哼歌曲，而计时器则在滴答声中慢悠悠地走向漫长的90分钟的尽头。,Text,12 足球与垒球或篮球不一样，对足球来说准确的控球并不是最重要的，蒂埃里亨利和几个巴西球员例外。让我们面对事实吧：上帝从未想让我们大多数人在全速跑动时用脚来控制球。 13 时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫“黄牌”的东西：一种温和的惩戒。,Text,14 怎么会有战术和规则都

44、如此模糊不清的运动呢？除了“伤停时间”之谜，还有那个被称为“越位”的规则，大概是指除非有两位对方球员在他的前头，否则前锋不能接队友的传球。为什么不能呢？这让所有的人都迷惑不解。 15 不必担心即便是职业解说员也往往对此感到语塞。BBC的足球名嘴约翰莫特森认为对越位规则“不存在国际通用的解释”。想想真正的足球（即美国人的橄榄球译注）对“持球触地”没有一致的解释会有什么后果吧。,Text,16 为何你们典型的足球比赛看上去如此失控呢？很简单，因为球场上只有一名裁判，他要负责管束22名极度兴奋的运动员。他不允许球员提出异议（否则就给他一张“红牌”，让他冲个澡走人）。但是，大多数的犯规，如推人、出拳打

45、人、使绊、用膝盖顶人、手球都是在他看不到的情况下进行的。可是球迷都看见了，于是引发了观众席上更多的抱怨。 17 有一个谜一直解不开：为什么会有这么多人蜂拥前去观看这项比赛呢？我一定是漏掉了什么关键的东西。,teammate,collide,tournament,clue,pitch,chorus,stand-off,suspense,newcomer,mostly,illustration,soar,hairy,shooter,striker,madly,sheer,hum,mournful,reminiscent,whack,cranium,accidentally,random,defen

46、der,peel,sprint,resume,precision,priority,Words a piece of information that helps explain a situation or provide a solution to a problem 线索；提示 e.g. 1. Police still have no clues as to the identity of the killer. 警察对凶手的身份还没有线索。 2. Two detectives were brought in to help search for clues. 两个侦探被找来帮着寻找线索

47、。 3. His expressionless face gave her no clue as to what he was thinking. 他的脸上毫无表情，令她无从知晓他在想什么。,Words reminding sb. of sth. 追忆往事的；怀旧的；使人想起某事的 e.g. 1. The scene is so familiar, reminiscent of my childhood. 这个场景很熟悉，让我想起童年的情景。 2. This painting is strongly reminiscent of Da Vincis Annunciation. 这幅画使人立即联

48、想到达芬奇的天使报喜。,Words as the result of an accident; by mistake rather than deliberate intention 偶然地；意外地；非故意地 e.g. 1. Police believe the fire was started accidentally. 警方认为大火是意外发生的。 2. “Wed just finished our meal when John realized hed accidentally left his checkbook at home.” “Accidentally on purpose, y

49、ou mean!” “我们刚吃完饭，这时约翰发现他无意中把支票本落在家里了。” “你是说他是有意装无意吧！” Word family: accident n. accidental a.,Words a CV 个人简历,Translate the following sentences into Chinese: 1. Well stop now and resume at two oclock. 我们现在停下来, 到两点再干。 2. He resumed his former position with the company. 他又恢复了在公司的职位。 3. Please send a d

50、etailed rsum to our company. 请给我们公司寄一份详细的简历。,Words if sth. or sb. is responsible for a situation or event, they are the cause of it 为负责；是造成的原因 e.g. 1. The board is ultimately responsible for policy decisions. 最终由董事会负责决定采取什么政策。 2. The chemical is directly responsible for those deaths. 这个化学药品是造成那些人死亡的

51、直接原因。,Fill the blankets with the following words: respond; response; responsibility; responsible; irresponsible 1. Who is _ for the terrible traffic accident? 2. The girl _ to the news by weeping all day. 3. The suggestions we put forward at the meeting met with little _. 4. It is _ of the young mot

52、her to leave the child alone in the house. 5. Mr. Smith was fully aware that his new post as general manager was a position of great _. 6. Every adult (except a mad person) is _ for his own actions.,Words pretend to be happy or satisfied when this is not the case 掩饰某事物；装出不在意的样子 e.g. 1. She hadnt pas

53、sed the exam but she tried to put a good face on it. 她考试没考及格，但她装得若无其事的样子。 2. Tom has run away from home, but his family are putting a good face on it. 汤姆已经离家出走, 但他的家人却装作若无其事。,Words go settle upon the slopes and the hills,where, soft and mild, the sweet airsof our native land smell fragrant!Greet the

54、 banks of the Jordanand Zions toppled towers.Oh, my country so lovely and lost!Oh, remembrance so dear and so fraught with despair!,Words Nebuchadnezzar in English), king of ancient Babylon roughly, modern Iraq whose armies in 587 BC captured Jerusalem, destroyed the city and its famous temple, took

55、 much of the Jewish population prisoners and exiled them to the city Babylon.,Words the team in possession is called the offense, and the team without possession is the defense.,Language Points,The offense has four attempts, called “downs”, to advance the ball ten yards. If they can do so, they are

56、given another four downs to attempt to advance the ball another ten yards. If they cannot do so, possession of the ball passes to the other team, who become the offense. There are several methods of scoring, the most well-known being the touchdown, where the ball is carried into the opposing teams e

57、nd zone. Unlike in other football codes, in American football, players are allowed to impede or block players on the opposing team who are not in possession of the ball.,Language Points,This has three important consequences that make the game very different to other forms of football. Firstly, it al

58、lows much of the action to be planned in advance. These plans are called “plays”, and they give the game a strategic complexity that is absent from other forms of football. Secondly, it means that players are extremely specialized many players will not come into contact with the ball throughout the

59、entire game, or possibly even the entire playing season. That is because their job is not so much to get the ball, but to prevent someone on the other team from moving into a certain position.,This leads to the third consequence, the high levels of protective clothing worn by the players. This is necessary to protect the players from the frequent collisions they all endure throughout a game. Because of the extreme specialization of the players and the structured nature of the plays, very high levels of c