M2-M4现在完成时.ppt

1、,现在完成时复习,Review of the Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时的构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词,注：动词过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化， 规则变化的动词过去分词与过去式是一样的，不 规则变化的动词须特殊记忆。,规则动词过去分词的构成,1. 一般在动词后直接加-ed,构成规则,2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词， 直接加-d,3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加-ed,4.结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词， 先变“y”为“i”再加-ed,例词,look looked,play played,live lived,h

2、ope hoped,stop stopped,plan planned,study studied,carry carried,写出下列动词的过去分词：,work like cry stay learn,use help finish cook arrive,worked,liked,cried,stayed,learned,used,helped,finished,cooked,arrived,不规则动词过去分词的构成,三个主要动词 现在式 过去式 过去分词,is, am be are,was were, been,have/has,had,had,do/does,did,done,2. 现

3、在式 过去式 过去分词（三者一致）,cut cut cut,let let let,put put put,cost cost cost,read read read,3.现在式 过去式 过去分词（过去分词与原形一致）,come came come,become became become,run ran run,4.现在式 过去式 过去分词（过去分词与过去式一致）,bring brought brought,find found found,hear heard heard,keep kept kept,make made made,此外还有leave, win, tell, spend,

4、say，meet等等。,5.现在式 过去式 过去分词（三者不一致）,eat ate eaten,give gave given,write wrote written,see saw seen,forget forgot forgotten,begin began begun,此外还有go, take, know, speak, swim等等。,.肯定句：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。,现在完成时态的句式：,.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。,3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分词其他成分？,4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？,肯定

5、句：I have cleaned my bedroom.,否定句：I havent cleaned my bedroom.,一般疑问句：Have you cleaned your bedroom?,（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since last year.,I havent seen him since last year .,Have you seen him since last year?,He has already written to me.(改为一般疑问句), Has he written to you yet?, He hasnt w

6、ritten to me yet .,现在完成时的用法：,1. 表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,1） 标志词:,already: yet:,多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句末。,e.g. I have already finished my homework.,用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。,e.g. Have you found your lost book yet ? I havent had breakfast yet.,ever : never:,多用于疑问句，“曾经”。,e.g. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you eve

7、r been to Beijing?,用于否定句，位于have/has后,e.g. He has never been to English.,注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,just : before:,多用于陈述句，位于have/has后,e.g. Lucy has ju

8、st washed her clothes.,可用于各句式，位于句尾。,e.g. I have read this book before. He hasnt been abroad before. Have you flown to Hainan before?,2）无标志词的：,e.g. He is not feeling well now. He has caught a cold. I have lost the key. I cant go into my room.,2. 表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作 或状态，有可能还要持续下去。,标志词:,1）for +一段时间e.g.

9、We have lived in this city for ten years.,2） since +过去点时间 since +一段时间+ago since +从句（从句用一般过去式） e.g. He has worked here since 1990. She has taught in this school since two years ago. We have known each other since we met.,3） so far(迄今为止）, once/twice/ three times , all ones life,e.g. They have learnt 2

10、000 words so far. Tom has seen the film twice. Her father has worked in the factory all his life.,4） in the past +一段时间 during the last +一段时间,e.g. They have built many high buildings in the past three years.,during the last two years,注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived he

11、re for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hours ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3): 因为for或since引导的时间是表示一段时间，所以动词也必须用能延续的动词，短暂性动词不能和for/since连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,5).短暂动词和延续动词转换,have,ke

12、ep,be here,be away (from),be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be,be married,wear,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,练习,判断：他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ),He has been at the station for half an hour . or He arrived at the station half

13、an hour ago,He _the League since two years ago Joined B. has joined C. has been in,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,C,翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了,3. have / has been to have / has gone to have / has been in,曾经去过某地 (说话时已经回到说话地点),到某地去了(人不在说话地点),在某地呆了多长时间,1. A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school librar

14、y. 2. The Greens _China for three years. 3. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.,has gone to,have been in,have been to,翻译下列句子,她曾经去过上海。,She has been to Shanghai before.,他在上海10年了。,He has been in Shanghai for ten years,他去上海了。,He has gone to Shanghai.,4. It is +一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时) = 一段时间+has p

15、assed +since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I came here. = Five years has passed since I came here.,练习,自从我来到这正好两天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has passed since I came here,5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。可以和表示过去的 yesterday,

16、last year, in 2008 等时间状语连用。,He has studied English for five years.,He studied English five years ago.,（学习英语已经五年了，现在仍然在学）,（只说明他五年前学过英语，但现在不学了。）,He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自1999年以来他一直住在北京。 （说明他现在仍然在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在1999年的时候他在北京住过。 （现在是否住在北京不知道）,EXERCISE,He _(work) in our scho

17、ol for one year. 2. He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002. 3. They _(cook) the supper already. 4. They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,1. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago,2. The famous writer _ a new book in the past two year . .

18、 is writing .was writing .wrote .has written,3.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better,4.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see,5. These farmers have been to the United States . Re