中考题型单选和词汇专项讲解-(共45张PPT).ppt

1、,中考解题方法指导之,单 项 选 择,单项选择考什么？,从近几年来常州的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词;时态、语态;词义辨析、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句及交际用语上。 在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。,怎样解答单选题？,Step 1 读,Step 2 排,Step 3 选,Step 4 验,Step 1 阅读审题 首先要默读试题中的英语句子，了解空格在句中所处的位置，句子缺少什么成份，初步确定一个答案的范围。根据备选答案二者结合起来就会大致明白考查什么

2、。,观察排除 这是一个快速而又严密的思维过程。要求将试题中所提供的条件和备选答案的情况结合起来去分析、推理、排除那些明显不符合试题，甚至本身就有错的各选项目，再在剩余的备选中比较分析。,选择判断 在分析句子和备选答案的基础上，经过反复验证，选出一个使句子语法正确、语意通顺，符合逻辑道理的答案。,复查验证 将所选答案放在句中空格处再默读全句。首先看是否顺口，再在读法、意思和逻辑关系上推敲一下，完全符合条件则可放心。,根据语感立即确定答案。有些单选题，简单易懂，仅仅考查语言点，考生往往凭已掌握的知识和语感能够直接选定正确答案。 如：We often have sports after class，

3、and I like to play _ basketball. a B. an C. the D. 不填 解 析：本题考查冠词的用法，根据词组“ play basketball ”，中间无冠词， 直接选答案 D .,方法一：直接法,play _ basketball,许多题目都有一些关键词，它们对于快速而准确地判断出答案起着至关重要的作用。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口。,方法二：关键词法,-Is Wei Fang good at singing?-Yes , she is.We often hear her _ in the next room. A. to sing B. si

4、ngs C. sing D. singing,often,hear,hear sb do(经常或做过) doing（正在做）,The boy was seen _ into the house and go upstairs an hour ago. A. to enterB. entering C. to walk D. walking,be noticed/heard/seen/made to do (被动),notice/hear/see/make sb do (主动),seen,在对四个选项难以确定的情况下，考生可以采取逐个排除法，把没有被排除的答案定为正确答案。,方法三：排除法, W

5、heres Lucy? Im not sure. She _ in the library. A. maybe B. must be C. may be D. may,句中没有谓语动词,情态动词+动原,The young man was caught for murder because he killed _ girl. A a 8- years -old B an 8-years-old C an 8-year-old D a 8-year-old,冠-形-名，去？加？,复合形容词,8eight 前用 an,有些单选题不能很快确定答案，必须对其时态、语态及同义词等方面进行比较，最后选出答案

6、。,方法四：比较法,Hes never heard to sing songs, _? _. He once took the first place in a big singing competition in our school. A. has he; Yes B. hasnt he; No C. is he; Yes D. isnt he; No,前肯后否，前否后肯,is he,Yes,_ enjoyable it is to travel by air! _.,“形容词”时感叹词是应用how 去掉 C、D,做飞机去旅行多愉快啊！,So it is. 正装（陈述句语序）是表示对前者的

7、肯定，意思是：“它的确是的，果真是的”。 。 So is it. 倒装（一般疑问句语序）是表示另外的人和事有相同的情况, 意思是：“它也是。”,是的。,A. How, So is it,B.,C. What, So is it,D. What So it is,So it is,B,How,例：我这周末做作业很认真。,I did my homework carefully this weekend.,So you did.,是的，不错，你是认真的。,你的同班同学们也是认真的。,So did your classmates.,So+主+ 助动词.,So+ 助动词+主,我,你,你的同班同学们,-W

8、ould your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday ?-If I dont go, _ . A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he,dont,引导词应该是 neither或nor,If,主句用一般将来词，if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示，比较 C 、 D 两个选项，正确答案应为 C .,有些题目的选项，从语法上判断答案不只一个，这时可以通过逻辑推理的方法得出正确答案。 如：There are _ people in the street b

9、ecause it is almost midnight . A. a few B. few C. a little D. little,方法五：逻辑推理法,people,because it is almost midnight,people为可数名词,a few 和 few 都可修饰 people ，此题的意思：“因为时间几乎是半夜了，所以街上几乎没有人。”若选A ，不合逻辑，所以，只有 B 是正确的。,有的单选题应根据固定搭配和习惯用语选正确答案. 1. -Do the dishes, John, or I will tell Mum. -Mind your own_, Lily. A.

10、 matter B. event C. choice D. business 2. The teacher asked angrily, Whats your _ for being late this time, John? Did your bike break down on your way a fifth time? idea B. mind C. excuse D. result,方法六：固定搭配判断法,忠告：要有解题痕迹。把句中的关键信息或暗示信息圈起来，根据这些信息或上下文排除选项中的A、B、C或D，并要在上面划掉，这样一目了然，在答题卡上涂时就不会出错了。10道选择题要做到一

11、次为准，一定要细心，难题目读2遍后开始答题，注意“陷阱”。尽量用排除法来解题。,1)-What are you going to do, Jane? -Oh, my mother asks me _ some food for supper. A buy B to buy C buys D buying 2) We have worked for three hours. Now lets stop _a rest. A had B have C to have D having,ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事,stop to do sth 停下来,3) We have got

12、 two TV sets, but _ works well. A. any B. both C neither D either 4) It_ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. A was, met B has been, met C was, meet D is ,meet,is,常见陷阱,单项选择题考查准确而灵活的运用语法知识的能力和在语境中进行交际的能力，因此，答题时应该随机应变，灵活作答。以下是常见的陷阱类型。,陷阱一：利用固定词语或固定搭配干扰选项。如,1）Ma Yun said he would prefer _ more attenti

13、on to helping the poor children in Chinas poor areas in the future. A. paying B. paid C. to pay D. pay,prefer,陷阱二：省略句子成分，干扰选项。,1）-What do you think made the little girl so happy? -_ a new dress. A .Because she bought B . Buying C .Because of buying D . As she bought,made the little girl so happy.,陷阱

14、三：套用某种句型，干扰固定搭配。,When he went to see the doctor , he was told not only _to bed early, but also _ more exercises. A go, do B going, doing C to go, to do D went, did,not only,but also,陷阱四：利用汉语思维，干扰选项。,1)The price of gold is _ than before. A. expensive B .more expensive C. high D. higher.,than,东西用贵贱（ex

15、pensive/cheap） 价格用高低（high/low）,陷阱五：导致时态误用，干扰选项。,1）I dont know if he _here , I will tell you if he _. A comes, comes B will come, comes C comes, will come D will come, will come,陷阱六：混用相似句型句式，干扰选项。,1）Shanghai is larger than_ city in India. A any other B the other C any D the,city,比较时若包含本身在内，则需加other/e

16、lse排除本身，但如不包含则不加。,陷阱七：知识记忆缺陷，干扰选项。,1）There is _ “u” and _ “ s” in the word “bus”. A a, an B an, an C an, a D a, a,1) You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A found B to find C finding D founded,陷阱八：插入定语从句或宾语从句或感叹句中某部分的干扰选项,have difficulty (in) doing,选择题与词汇题要一次为准，力争不失分！,单项选择

17、,词汇运用,完成练习-单项选择部分。,1. - What are on show in the museum? Some pictures_ by Tom last week. A. took B. taken C.were taken D. are taken,are on show.,2. The man we talked to _ us happy sometimes. A make B makes C made D making,(we talked to),sometimes,3. The man we like_ in our city next week. A singing

18、B to sing C sings D will sing,(we like),4.Everything I _ to the new house. A have taken B has been taken C have has been taken D was taken,(I ) +谓动,( by Tom),next week,选择题与词汇题要一次为准，力争不失分！,单项选择,词汇运用,中考解题方法指导之,词汇运用,第一部分用所给动词的适当形式填空。 5分,注意点： 1。名词考虑单复数、名词所有格 2。数词考虑基或序，或数词复数 in his twenties 3。代词（反身代词，名词性物主代词,人称代词主宾格) 4。形容词副词考虑比较等级 (双写,不规则表要背出）,各个级别的关键词 5。形修名，副修动（形）；形容词变副词(ly, 变y为ily, ble、ple结尾去e加y，truetruly），特殊good-well,6。ed与ing结尾的形容词； 7。动作-人（er/or-visitor,inventor,director）-名词 （treatment，discussion） 8。名词