虚拟语气TheSubjunctivemoodGrammar.ppt

1、虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood,GRAMMER 语法,一. 语气的分类,1.陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace! 2.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气

2、:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,3.虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等. If I were a boy,I would not be able to wear so many beautiful dresses. If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the match. Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afte

3、rnoon.,条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句 和虚拟条件句 两种。,a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.,三. if Sentence Structure if 虚拟条件句的结构,a. 表示与现在事实相反 的假设 b. 表示与过去事实相反 的假设 c. 表示与将来事实相反 的假设,虚拟语气在if 条件句中的用法,1在非真实性条件

4、句与主句中的用法 1）表示与现在事实相反,If I were you,I should accept the invitation. If I had time,I would go there. If I were a boy, I would join the army. 。,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money,I would buy

5、 a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now,I would go shopping.,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,broke,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fill in

6、the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) better. d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.,were not,could be,were,would ask,2）与过去事实相反,例如：If you had come earlier,you couldnt have missed the bus. If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your boo

7、k.,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had

8、been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have gone,3）与将来事实可能相反,例如：If he were to come, what should we say to him. If he should see me, he would know me.,If he got up early,he would

9、 be on time.,假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看见我, 就会认识我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power . b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,should make,would h

10、appen,should get up,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks,c. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, there _ (be) no friendship.,were to control,would be,Summary: 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法,动词过去式(或were),should/ would /could/ might+动词原形,had+过去分词,should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词,should/ would/ could/ might +动

11、词原形,1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形,注意1：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。 例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,注意：if的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，

12、而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 If it should/were to rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. =Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. =Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your boo

13、k.,二.wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,过去时（were）,had+过去分词,would/could/might+动词原形,He wished he _in such affairs. (involve) I wish I _a bird. (be),had never been involved,were,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.

14、,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,三.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气,一个坚持 _ 两个命令 _ 三个建议 _ 四个要求 _,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。 The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.,insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,demand,

15、require, request, desire,2.If there were no subjunctive,English_ much easier. (NMET) A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be,析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。,虚拟语气高考链接,3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey,析：根据i

16、nsist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。,虚拟语气高考链接,4. I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see,析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。,5. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be,析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在 事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。,

17、Exercises I,1. You _ to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come 2. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. haveD. will,3. Here is some money in case you _ it. A. needs B. need C. needed D. will need 4. He demanded that the classroom _ at once. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned,6. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A.