英语基本句型翻译.ppt

1、写句子,基本句型 时态 被动语态,练写作，先练翻译， 句子-段落-篇章,主 谓 宾 定 状 补,主干，句子的最中心成分,句子的修饰成分，可以没有。,五种基本句型,主语+不及物动词 He died. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 He knows everything. 3. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 I showed him my passport. 4. 主语+系动词+表语 The boy is healthy. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语 You made me angry.,祈使句的主语一般都省略掉,练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型 Your sister dances

2、beautifully. They proved that the earth was round. This food looks delicious. Doing that would be playing with fire.,1.主语+及物动词+宾语,2.主语+及物动词+宾语,3.主语+系动词+表语,4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语,14.Harry seems happy. 15.It sounded crying. 16.I will pick up rubbish from the ground. 17.You can plant a tree or build a hous

3、e.,.主语+系动词+表语,.主语+系动词+表语,4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语,3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语,We found the hall full. 1. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 2. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 3. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告 We found

4、 the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 4. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位记者作有关东欧局势的重要报告。,那个教育家发现教室坐满了。 That educator found the classroom full. 2. 那个教育家发现教室坐满了学生和教师和领导。 That educator found th

5、e classroom full of students, teachers and leaders. 3. 那个教育家路过的时候，发现教室里坐满了学生和教师和领导，都在听一个重要报告。 When that educator passed by, he found the classroom full of students, teachers and leaders, listening to an important report. 4.那个教育家路过的时候，发现教室里坐满了学生和教师和领导，都在听一个著名的艺术家做的关于19世纪油画的重要报告。 When that educator pa

6、ssed by, he found the classroom full of , listening to report made by about ,2020/7/28,9,一、主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch

7、 the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,2020/7/28,10,一、主谓结构句型练习：,1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大 4她在学习英语。 5每天八时开始上课。 6这个箱子重五公斤。 7五年前我住在北京。 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 9我的爷

8、爷早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,2020/7/28,11,1. She went home very late yesterday evening.,2. The meeting will last two hours.,3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,4. She studies English. .,5. Classes begin at eight every day.,2020/7/28,12,9. My grandfather gets up

9、 early in the morning.,10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,8.In autumn, some birds fly to the south.,7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.,6. This box weighs five kilos.,2020/7/28,13,二、主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主 语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, fee

10、l, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,2020/7/28,14,Our English teacher is thirty years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We feel used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,The

11、ir boss seems satisfied with the work.,Deep water stays still.,2020/7/28,15,二、主系表结构句型翻译练习：,1、我的兄弟都是大学生。 2、冬季白天短，夜晚长。 3、Mr Li看起来很健康。 4、十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 5、孩子们，请保持安静。 6、这本书是有关美国历史的书。 7、她的工作是在学校里照看儿童。 8、他失业了。 9、树叶已经变黄了。 10、这个报告听起来很有意思。,参考答案： My brothers are all college students. In winter, the days are s

12、hort and the nights are long. Mr Li looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. Children, keep quiet please. This book is about the history of the United States. Her job is to look after the children in the school. He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow. The repor

13、t sounds interesting.,2020/7/28,16,2020/7/28,17,三、主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the d

14、am. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.,2020/7/28,18,三、主谓宾结构练习：,1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？,2020/7/28,19,1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afterno

15、on. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,2020/7/28,20,6. I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7. Jim cannot dress himself. 8. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. He did n

16、ot know what to say. 10. Do you mind my opening the window?,2020/7/28,21,英语基本句型4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用f

17、or 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,2020/7/28,22,四、双宾语结构句型练习： 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递

18、给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,2020/7/28,23,1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 6.The new ma

19、chine will save you a lot of labour. 7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,2020/7/28,24,英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get

20、your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,2020/7/28,25,五、双宾语结构句型练习： 1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小狗释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .老师命令我们立即离开。 6.

21、每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发 8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the dog free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The teacher ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,We wont let her go out at night.,We wont let her go out a

22、t night.,2020/7/28,26,9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。 11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12他感到很难跟你交谈。 13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,The terrible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word used that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk wi

23、th you.,I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.,The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.,2020/7/28,27,英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand

24、, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,2020/7/28,28,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 t

25、here might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ,2020/7/28,29,巩固练习： 2这个村子过去只有一口井。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 7战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 8恰好那时房里没人。 9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。 11就只剩下二十

26、八美元了。 13铃响了。,2020/7/28,30,There was only a well in the village. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. There used to be a cinema here before the war. There happ

27、ened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There comes the bus. There remained only twenty eight dollars. There goes the bell.,句子的种类 根据作用分 A 陈述句：肯定陈述句，否定陈述句 B 疑问句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 C 祈使句 D 感叹句 what感叹句 How感叹句,并列句 1.并列关系并列句 连词有：and, not onlybut als

28、o, neithernor 2.转折关系并列句 连词有：but, yet, however 3.选择关系并列句 连词有：or., eitheror. 4.因果关系并列句 连词有：for, so, therefore,复合句 定语从句 同位语从句 复合句： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 状语从句,定语从句,定语从句又称关系从句：在主句中相当于一个定语，只不过这个定语是一个句子 定语从句可以修饰一个名词，代词，或一个句子，被修饰的词叫先行词，从句在其后，由关系代词，关系副词引出 关系代词有：that. Which, who, whom, whose等 关系副词有：when , where , wh

29、y The man who wrote this book in famous scientist 先行词 关系代词 (定语) The village where I was born has grown into a town (先行词) 关系代词 (定语),that,关系代词与先行词的关系,限 制 性 定 语 从 句,先行词,关系代词主语,关系代词宾语,关系代词所有格代替人,who/that,which/that,whom/that,which/that,that,whose=of whom代替物,whose=of which 代替人 和物,代替人,代替物,代替人 和物,非限 制性 定语

30、从句,代替人 和物,代替前 一句话,which,which,whose,which,关系副词与先行词的关系 先行词 关系副词 在从句中作用 时间名词 when=at,on,in, 时间状语 during / which 地点名词 where=in, at/which地点状语 只有reasonwhy=for which原因状语 例句说明（在定语从句中，关系词在句中一 定要担任成分）,关系代词引导的定语从句,John is the girl who/that was injured in the accident,（先行词） （关系代词）（ 关系代词在从句中作主语）,He found the wa

31、tch which/that he had lost （先行词） （关系代词） （ 关系代词在从句中作宾语）,The man whom/that you saw just now is our manager 先行词 关系代词 （ 关系代词在从句中作宾语） The house which/that was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt 先行词 关系代词 （ 关系代词在从句中作主语）,Is there anyone whose name is wangli? 先行词 关系代词 ( 关系代词在从句中作主语） The building whose roof

32、we can see form here is （先行词） （关系代词）（ 关系代词在从句中作宾语） She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood 先行词 关系代词 （ 关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that连接） There is not an easy question that you think it to be （ 先行词） （关系代词） （ 关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that连接）,注意的问题 One of+复数名词+关系从句的结构中， 关系分词的谓语有两种形式 先行词为复数，从句谓语用复数 Tom is one of those wome