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大连水产学院毕业设计(论文)任务书2009届 机电工程系 机械设计制造及其自动化专业题目： 专用卧式铣床液压系统设计 子题： 学生姓名： 班级： 机自07-1班 指导教师(签章)： 职称（学位）： 所在教研室： 数控技术教研室 教研室主任： 专业负责人(签章)： 下达日期：2009 年 3月12日 完成日期：2009 年 6月24日课题名称专用卧式铣床液压系统设计题目性质真实 题目类型设计 题目来源生产一课题简介:本课题的思想主要是通过对现有的卧式铣床进行分析和计算，设计出专用于自动化生产的专用机床，根据设计要求将其改良，使之达到较理想的方案。结果表现形式为全部设计图纸及设计说明书。其中说明书及50%以上的图纸必须形成文档。二报告内容:（调研资料的准备，论文或设计目的、要求、思路与预期成果；任务完成的阶段内容及时间安排；完成论文或设计所具备的条件因素等。）任务、内容及要求（包括设计计算、实验分析、绘图质量各类图纸张数、外文翻译及撰写外文摘要等）题目：在卧式铣床上设计一个夹紧进给液压系统，完成工件的先夹紧后、后进给任务。工作原理如下：夹紧油缸：快进 慢进 达到夹紧力后启动进给油缸工作进给油缸：快进 慢进 工进 快速退回 夹紧油缸快速退回 夹紧缸快进速度：0.05m/s夹紧缸慢进速度：0.008mm/s最大夹紧力：40KN 进给油缸快进速度：0.18m/s进给油缸慢进速度：0.018m/s最大切削力：120KN进给工作部件总质量：m=250Kg 夹紧缸行程：用行程开关调节（最大250mm）进给缸行程：用行程开关调节（最大1000mm）主要内容：1 设计内容及要求2 负载与运动分析3 确定液压系统主要参数4 拟定液压系统原理图5 计算和选择液压件6 验算液压系统性能7 液压系统结构设计8 绘制工作图和编制技术文件（设计说明书、液压系统原理图、集成油路装配图、泵站装配图、非标准件零件图、管路装配图、电气线路图等。）要求：1 绘图量：折成A0号图纸4张其中50%以上的图纸形成文档。2 设计计算及说明书字数不少于10000字，并形成电子文档。3 完成3000字以上的外文参考文献翻译，完成1500字以上的文献综述撰写等工作。指导教师签名： 年 月 日大连水产学院本科毕业论文（设计） 外文资料 外文文献资料：Centrifugal pump improvement measures of energy saving technology workEnergy is to develop the national economy and improve the level of human life. With the rapid development of economy in China and the global energy saving energy and reducing has increasingly become the focus of attention. Pump products belong to fluid machinery, domestic demand is very big, 20% of the year - 25% of all electricity consumption in pump products. Centrifugal pump for pump products demand for Chinese economy is 50%, the construction of the mechanical equipment, therefore essential for the energy-saving centrifugal pump is very important and urgent.1. the centrifugal pump energy conservation technology analysisIn the past 10 years, along with the rapid development of science and technology, a lot of advanced scientific research and a high level of mechanical processing equipment, the products of pump energy is mainly embodied in the following respects.1.1 The development of design technology The rapid development of computer technology for centrifugal pump design research has brought the ideal method of CAD CFD technology. The centrifugal pump design work in the application of centrifugal pump, and raise the level of design is very important meaning for centrifugal pump, the energy conservation work brought good prospects.1.2 The development of advanced manufacturing technology With the rapid development of CAM in pump products production, application of centrifugal pump efficiency improving technical index is very beneficial. Currently part of enterprise in pump industry has the technique is applied to hydraulic model, mould making, parts and components manufacturing process, greatly improve the accuracy of the size of hydraulic flow and surface or port surface roughness precision, improve efficiency index.1.3 corresponding technical developmentAnd the relevant supporting technology centrifugal pump recently got bigger development, such as motor design and manufacturing, automatic control, automatic control, automatic alarm, transmission system, seal design manufacture technology, new materials, testing technology, etc. The all-round development of technology, the centrifugal pump system reliability and efficiency index, and the other performance index, promote energy conservation.2 energy-saving technical measuresFor decades in technical design method was no big breakthrough, technical level is relatively backward. So far, the centrifugal pump design method using similar conversion method and main speed coefficient method. A reliable data and rich practical experience is the key design, design personnel should according to the actual needs of technical development, improve design level.2.1 CAD/CFD technology applicationAlong with the rapid development of computer technology, CAD/CFD technology, to explore the birth of centrifugal pump, and improve the internal flow pattern in the advancement of centrifugal pump design method.Modern centrifugal pump design method must be combined with advanced computer technology and CAD/CFD technology. The advanced computer technology can solve centrifugal pump complex internal flow field of the calculation problem. Application of CAD/CFD technology, we can further understanding and mastering the centrifugal pump flow to the objective laws of optimization design of centrifugal pump. CAD/CFD technology to improve the features and advantages of the centrifugal pump design method of the technical level is very important.Modern centrifugal pump design method without centrifugal pump test means. Test is an important means of science and technology research, has reliable features. CAD/CFD is limited to approach the information system of the information system of real infinite. Due to the calculation of the mathematical model, the discretization process, format and grid generation and boundary conditions worsen produced artificially error handling, thus from actual conditions. The application of CAD/CFD success needs to be verified test.Thus, the modern centrifugal pump design method should be the traditional design method, CAD/CFD technology, test means all combination of a design method are indispensable.2.2 Traditional design method of improvement2.2.1 The properties of high steam ammeters hydraulic model library aloneCentrifugal pump cavitation performance is very important in the performance of a technical indicators of quality, it mainly by water-obsorbing room and imported hydraulic impeller size to decide. In similar conversion method, because of different sizes, the impeller imports of pump impeller speed, the import size is accomplished very hard geometric similar, dynamic similar to mention movement and similar. So the cavitation performance of the large deviation is similar conversion. Previously established hydraulic model library mainly efficiency index for selection for design, high cavitation performance of the pump, it is difficult to meet the requirements by model, a method of conversion high cavitation performance of hydraulic model.2.2.2 comprehensive reasonable hydraulic model base establishedTraditional hydraulic model choice model reference library, the standard of the pump efficiency index is mainly, and many other factors need to be taken into consideration, such as pump performance curve, the performance parameters of the pump matching, pump structure factors.2.2.3 The method to improve speed coefficient and improvementAccording to the theory of centrifugal pump head equation and design experience, analysis of test, the influence of factors besides velocity coefficients than speed pump, there are other important factors. One, the main export circumferential velocity coefficients are pump structure, blade outlet Angle, leaf number, etc. Influence factors of inlet velocity coefficients of pump structure, leaves are imported attack Angle, leaf number, etc. Statistical analysis of these factors should be the influence degree, and summarizes the change rule, influence factors determine the standard rate of these factors coefficient curve of size values. According to the extent of the law, will significantly improve the accuracy of speed coefficient method.2.3 CAM technology application in manufacturing process pumpIn the production process, the CAM computer aided manufacturing is the relatively advanced technology, CAM technology in manufacturing process of centrifugal pump application, will give the energy-saving centrifugal pump working to bring very ideal effect. Currently in pump industry backbone enterprises, some have been carried out in this aspect of the production practice.2.3.1 centrifugal pump hydraulic model moldsCentrifugal pump hydraulic model is decided hydraulic properties and technology products, the most important component. Due to internal flow model of hydraulic parts and complex shape of mechanical manufacturing, most companies have adopted casting parts. During casting process, should first before FanSha casting. The traditional mould manufacture is basically adopts handmade, its deficiency is too big, can accurate error to guarantee the type line flow of hydraulic model, the efficiency is low, the shape of hydraulic properties to guarantee. CAM technology application, will overcome them.2.3.2 centrifugal pump hydraulic model components manufacturingCentrifugal pump parts including hydraulic model of pump body, impeller, diffuser, etc. These parts of the traditional processing manufacturing methods, is formed by casting billet, then it will be through mechanical equipment manufacture size shape forming finished parts. After the completion of the casting parts surface machining operations will no longer. Because some of the model FanSha operation, it will cause a big size of surface roughness, and less error of hydraulic performance and efficiency of head, not guarantee flow. Therefore, the deficiency in pump industry, formulate the relevant standards of casting, but cant completely meet the requirements. Application of CAM technology, using CNC machining equipment, can directly on pump body, impeller, etc. According to the requirement of design of hydraulic parts manufacturing, size directly with a high quality guarantee the accuracy of the type line flow, precision, surface roughness, improve the capacity and head guaranteed, so as to increase the efficiency.2.3.3 In other parts of the manufactureTo improve the machining precision components, reduce rotor and stator parts processing, improve the accumulative error of centrifugal pump assembly quality, improve the centrifugal pump hydraulic properties of the machine.2.4 To improve casting technology level. The main products of the centrifugal pump are casting parts, components, such as pump body, impeller, pump cover, bearings, base, etc. Casting technology level directly influence the quality of casting parts, hydraulic model of hydraulic size directly influence the performance parameters of the pump, casting parts inside surface roughness and pump efficiency index is directly related to the pump, casting technology has an important influence on performance. In a few points below the foundry technology improvement measures:2.4.1 Is against centrifugal pump hydraulic model to improve quality of mould manufacturingCentrifugal pump hydraulic model of mould manufacturing, directly affects the quality of the casting billet hydraulic model of casting quality. The traditional mould adopts hydraulic model of handmade, large size deviation, the influence of the hydraulic characteristics of technical indexes. At present more advanced manufacturing method is adopted CAM technology, manufacturing equipment used numerical control machine tool manufacture, to improve the efficiency of centrifugal pump, the effect is very good.2.4.2 To improve the centrifugal pump hydraulic model mould material levelCentrifugal pump is a kind of consumption, application of general machinery products, specifications, the pump industry pump performance specifications of, so need to make a large hydraulic model of mould. But every specification product batch and not many, many enterprises to reduce the cost of manufacture and material on pump body is often USES wooden mold, the impeller is metal model, or the pump body, impeller is wooden mold and die, flat is woodiness impeller blades are metal mould. Wooden mold size deviation, yi deformation, casting billet roughness of the thing, compared with the metal mould various aspects of the performance will vary a lot. In order to further improve the quality of the blank piece of hydraulic model, guarantee the technical indexes of hydraulic properties, should raise centrifugal pump hydraulic model, make the material level mould adopts metal materials all mold, but deficiency is to increase the production cost.2.4.3 adopts the advanced precision casting methodThe traditional casting method is adopted, casting sand casting of ordinary blank piece of quality is poorer, the thickness of the castings, waste materials, large size increases cost, it is big, easy assurance error size and the hydraulic characteristics of hydraulic, blank piece of roughness, increase the hydraulic losses. The advanced precision casting method can overcome the above shortcomings, such as, improve the quality of the welding, sand casting method, etc.2.5 Adjust speed of energy-saving Adjust the speed of the method has good energy saving effect, and it has been proved by many domestic production practice. In many applications, sometimes the pump to the performance parameters of the pump is constant, sometimes need to pump performance parameters according to the conditions of use, adjusting speed can achieve this goal, at the same time, improve efficiency, due to pipe device efficiency obviously improved. Speed way are mainly in the following aspects: (1) the belt transmission speed, 2 use the speed gearbox, gear, 3 the speed by hydraulic coupling, 4 the engine speed, 5 the motor speed.2.6 To improve the centrifugal pump selection of design levelDue to various reasons, the selection of design in pump exist many unreasonable phenomenon, resulting in energy conservation, waste to bring much influence.2.6.1 centrifugal pump selection should follow the following principles(1) the use of pump unit reasonably determine necessary working conditions and parameters of the performance, 2 should be reasonably determine the pump design department, the type, the parameters of the rational use of conditions, 3 the highest efficiency, fully consider its scope of pump, the actual use efficiency index, 4 for technical and economic comparison, select the advanced technology, reasonable scheme.2.6.2 Present to improve the efficiency of the centrifugal pump systemThe energy-saving centrifugal pump work should not be limited to research the centrifugal pump itself, should be more efficiency of the system is widely studied all aspects of the efficiency index, the whole system of high efficiency and energy saving, the potential is bigger.3 energy-efficient restricting factorsCentrifugal pump energy efficient work in practical implementation process, there are many factors, we should correctly understand the problem, in order to take corresponding measures.3.1 Lack of awareness of energy saving, corresponding policy guidanceDue to the government on the energy conservation work seriously enough, lack of publicity, cause people to work for energy saving. On the other hand, because of the country has not yet for energy conservation policy and preferential measures, the use of centrifugal pump units in the procurement process of centrifugal pump products, pay no attention, but just consider saving factors of product use conditions. And because the energy-saving centrifugal pump product price is on the high side, use the unit cost of production. To reduce cost, use the unit generally dont consider energy-saving index, and choose cheaper centrifugal pump products.3.2 traditional energy-saving concepts is not correctThe traditional concept of energy-saving centrifugal pump is to improve the efficiency index, thats actually energy-saving concepts are not accurate. The scientific concept of energy efficiency index should not only, also should consider to many other content, also is in the centrifugal pump products in life, reduce cost of centrifugal pump, such as design, manufacture and maintenance costs.3.3 Use of centrifugal pump the complexity of the conditionThe use of centrifugal pump is complex, requiring a comparison with various centrifugal pump performance, such as pump hydraulic performance technology index, pumps, pump seal material performance, reliability, performance, pumps pumps, pump, the overall structure of high temperature resistant performance, etc., some properties of the laboratory testing is not easy, and testing costs are particularly expensive. But these properties and energy-saving centrifugal pump system is the important link, therefore this complexity seriously affected the further development of energy-saving centrifugal pump energy, this is not used by units of work.4 conclusionTo sum up, the centrifugal pump for energy conservation and technically view is completely feasible and has the technology strength, but from other factors, energy conservation of the resistance is larger. To be truly develop energy-saving centrifugal pump, to work, to take some coercive measures, preferential policies, the establishment of special competent energy conservation work on the functional departments, the whole range of the extensive publicity, eliminate restricted centrifugal pump energy work, can the unfavorable factors can work into ambassadors virtuous circle.外文文献翻译：离心泵节能技术工作的改进措施能源是发展国民经济、改善人类生活水平的重要物质基础。随着我国经济的高速发展和全球能源的日益减少，节约能源已成为人们关注的焦点。泵类产品属于流体机械，国内的需求量非常大，每年发电量的20%25%都消耗在泵类产品上。离心泵需求量占泵类产品50%左右，为我国经济建设中必不可少的机械设备，因此针对离心泵开展的节能工作是非常重要和刻不容缓的。 1 离心泵节能工作的技术分析 近10年来，随着科学技术的高速发展，产生了很多先进的科研成果和高水平的机械加工设备，对泵类产品的节能工作是非常有利的，主要体现在以下几个方面。 1.1 设计技术的发展 计算机技术的迅猛发展为离心泵设计研究带来了理想的手段.CAD,CFD技术在离心泵设计工作中的应用，对离心泵设计水平的提高有着非常重要的意义，为离心泵的节能工作带来了良好的前景。 1.2 先进制造技术的发展 CAM技术的快速发展及其在泵类产品的生产中的应用，对离心泵效率技术指标的提高是非常有利的。目前泵行业中的部分企业已将该技术应用于水力模型模具的制作、零部件的制造加工，极大地提高水力尺寸的准确性和过流表面或流道表面的粗糙度精度，提高了效率指标。 1.3 相应配套技术的发展 与离心泵有关的配套技术最近得到了较大的发展，如电动机的设计与制造、自动调速、自动控制、自动报警、传动系统、密封设计制造技术、新材料、试验测试技术等等。这些技术的全面发展，有利于离心泵系统的效率指标、可靠性指标及其他性能指标的提高，促进了节能工作的开展。 2 高效节能的技术措施 几十年来在技术设计方法上没有大的突破，技术水平比较落后。到目前为止，离心泵的设计方法主要采用相似换算法和速度系数法。大量可靠的资料和丰富的实践经验是设计成败的关键，设计人员应根据实际技术发展的需求，不断提高设计水平。 2.1 CAD/CFD技术的应用 随着计算机技术的迅速发展，CAD/CFD技术的诞生，有利于探索离心泵内部流动规律，并提高了离心泵设计方法的先进性。 现代的离心泵设计方法必须要结合先进的计算机技术和CAD/CFD技术。先进的计算机技术可以解决离心泵复杂的内部流动场的计算问题。应用CAD/CFD技术，我们可以进一步了解和掌握离心泵内部流动的客观规律，以便进行离心泵的优化设计。CAD/CFD技术的特点和优势对提高离心泵设计方法的技术水平是非常重要的。 现代的离心泵设计方法离不开离心泵的试验手段。试验是科学技术研究的重要手段，具有真实可靠的特点。CAD/CFD是以有限的信息系统来趋近真实的无限的信息系统。由于计算的数学模型、离散化过程、格式、网格生成和边界条件处理等会产生人工误差，从而偏离实际情况。CAD/CFD应用的成功与否需要得到试验的验证。 由此可见,现代的离心泵设计方法应该是传统设计方法、CAD/CFD技术、试验手段三者相结合的一种设计方法，三者缺一不可。 2.2 传统设计方法的提高和改进 2.2.1 高汽独性能的水力模型库设计 汽蚀性能是离心泵性能中非常重要的一个技术指标，它的好坏主要由吸水室和叶轮进口的水力尺寸来决定。在相似换算法中，由于叶轮的进口尺寸不同、泵的转速不同，叶轮的进口尺寸很难做到几何相似，更谈不上运动相似和动力相似.因此汽蚀性能的相似换算结果偏差比较大。以往建立的水力模型库主要以效率指标为选择条件，对于设计高汽蚀性能的泵，很难通过模型换算法满足要求，应建立高汽蚀性能的水力模型库。 2.2.2 全面合理的水力模型库的建立 传统水力模型库选择模型时，参考的标准主要是泵的效率指标，以及其他许多因素需要考虑进去，如泵性能曲线、泵的性能参数的匹配性、泵结构因素等。 2.2.3 速度系数法的提高与改进 根据离心泵的理论扬程方程以及设计经验、试验进行分析，影响速度系数的因素除了泵的比转速以外，还有其他一些重要因素。其中，影响出口圆周速度系数的主要因素有泵的结构、叶片出口安放角、叶片数等;影响进口速度系数的主要因素有泵的结构、叶片进口冲角、叶片数等。应分析统计这些因素的影响程度，并总结出影响因素的变化规律，确定标准速度系数曲线对这些因素的大小取值范围。根据影响程度的规律进行修正，这样将显著地提高速度系数法的准确度。 2.3 CAM技术在泵制造过程中的应用 在产品的制造过程中，CAM计算机辅助制造是目前比较先进的一门技术，CAM技术在离心泵制造过程中的应用，将给离心泵的节能工作带来非常理想的效果。目前在泵行业的一些骨干企业中，已陆续开展了这方面的生产实践。 2.3.1 离心泵水力模型模具制作 离心泵的水力模型是决定产品的水力性能和技术水平高低的重要部件。水力模型零件由于内部流道形状复杂，不易进行机械加工制造，大多数企业都采用铸造零部件。在进行铸造加工之前，首先要进行翻砂铸造。传统的模具制作基本上是采用手工制作，其不足之处就是误差太大，不能准确地保证水力模型流动型线的形状，效率偏低，水力性能不易保证。CAM技术的应用，将克服这些不足。 2.3.2 离心泵水力模型零部件加工制造 离心泵的水力模型零部件主要包括叶轮、泵体、导叶等。这些零部件的传统加工制造方法，是通过铸造形成毛坯件，再通过机械设备将毛坯件外形尺寸进行加工制造形成成品件。零部件的表面铸造完成后就不再进行机械加工。由于模型的翻砂操作中的一些原因，表面尺寸会产生很大的误差，同时粗糙度较差，对水力性能和效率带来较大的影响，流量扬程不易保证。为此，泵行业针对此项不足，制定了相关的铸造标准，但不能完全满足要求。应用CAM技术，采用数控机械加工设备，可以直接将叶轮、泵体等零部件按设计要求的水力尺寸直接加工制造，高质量地保证流动型线的准确性，尺寸精度提高，表面粗糙度提高，流量、扬程得到保证，从
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