history-canada-immigration加拿大历史.ppt

1、7/29/2020,1,Overview of the History of Canadas Immigration PolicyResearched by Janet DenchCompiled by Loly Rico and Kemi JacobsCanadian Council for Refugees,7/29/2020,2,People have been coming to Canada for many years .,7/29/2020,3,Canadas immigration policies (or lack thereof) have always had signi

2、ficant impacts on the people who were allowed to come,Early policy was very simple.,7/29/2020,4,1896 - 1905,“I think that a stalwart peasant in a sheepskin coat, born to the soil, with a stout wife and a half dozen children, is good quality” Clifford Sifton, Ministry of Interior,7/29/2020,5,1901 cen

3、sus,Population 5,371,315 96% of European origin 13% population were immigrants 55% foreign-born were citizens 4% Chinese were citizens 43% immigrants female 41% pop of British origin 31% French 22,050 Chinese 17, 347 Blacks 16,131 Jews,In 1901 the Chinese Head tax doubled from the 1885 level of $50

4、to $100.,7/29/2020,6,1906,Immigration Act passed to stop undesirable immigrants,7/29/2020,7,This Act,Expanded the list of prohibited immigrants Allowed deportation of immigrants within 2 (then 3 then 5) years of landing for . Becoming a public charge Insanity Disease,Handicap Becoming an inmate of a

5、 prison or hospital Infirmity Committing crimes of moral turpitude Deportations increased dramatically!,7/29/2020,8,Arrival of Sikhs in BC in 1906-07 resulted in an “anti-Asiatic” parade which ended in a riot,State the purpose of the discussion Identify yourself,7/29/2020,9,1908 - 1910,Chinese Immig

6、ration Act amended to increase those under the head tax and expand list of prohibited persons Border inspection service created at US-Canada border Continuous journey rule imposed New Act allowed Canada to prohibit immigrants belonging to any race deemed unsuitable and expanded deportation grounds t

7、o include immorality and political offences; New Act introduced concept of domicile First Caribbean Domestic Scheme,7/29/2020,10,CENSUS 1911: Population 7,206,643 97% population of European origin 22% population immigrants 47% of these naturalized (9% Chinese, 22% Japanese) 39% of immigrants were wo

8、men Population: 54% British origin 29% French origin 75,681 Jews 27,774 Chinese, 9,021 Japanese 3,342 Hindus”,7/29/2020,11,War Initiatives - Terror suspects?,7/29/2020,12,Special Measures.,War Measures Act . Increased govts power to arrest, detain and deport Enemy aliens forced to register themselve

9、s and subjected to many restrictions 8,000 9,000 enemy aliens interned. .released in response to labour shortages.,Wartime Elections Act (1917) Disenfranchised all persons from enemy alien countries who had been naturalized since 1902,7/29/2020,13,And for women. (No not these women),7/29/2020,14,And

10、 for the women,Womens division created in 1919 within Immigration Dept to care for single women immigrants 1919 . Immigration Act amended to add new grounds for denying entry and deportation alcoholism, illiteracy. Classes of immigrants could be denied entry because of unsuitability, peculiar habits

11、, modes of life or holding property British-born subject to deportation on political grounds (Winnipeg general strike),7/29/2020,15,1921 Census,Population 8,787,949 97.5% European origin 22% immigrants 44% immigrants female 58% of foreign-born naturalized citizens 55% pop British origins 33% French

12、origins 126,196 Hebrews 39,347 Chinese 23,342 Japanese 18, 291 Negroes,7/29/2020,16,Chinese Immigrants Under Attack,Several restrictive laws come into effect,7/29/2020,17,1920sAttacks on Chinese Immigrants.,Opium and Narcotic Drug Act led to deportations: 35% of all the deportations in 23-24 in Paci

13、fic Division 1923 Order issued excluding any immigrant of any Asiatic race except agriculturalists, farm labourers, female domestic servants and wife and children of persons legally in Canada Chinese Immigration Act more prohibitions. Humiliation Day,Doors opened to British citizens, Americans and c

14、itizens of preferred countries. Limitations placed on immigrants from Austria, Hungary, Poland, etc.,7/29/2020,18,Overt Targeting Of Identified Populations Characterized this period. ,1930 Order further prohibited the landing of any immigrant of any Asiatic race except wives and minor children of Cd

15、n citizens Order requiring Chinese and Japanese to renounce their former citizenship before becoming citizens; impact on Japanese. Deportations on grounds of becoming public charge increased from 1930 to 34 the deportations on this ground increased 6x.,7/29/2020,19,A time of terror.,Communist party

16、made illegal grounds for deportation (31) Deportation of unemployed 31 political deportations legalized 32 Red Raid In 34 94% of applications for naturalization refused Political deportations,7/29/2020,20,Faith communities join with others,To advocate for Jewish refugees (38) Opposed by many anti-Se

17、mitic groups Cdn National Cttee on Refugees and Victims of Persecution formed Cttee focused on individual cases, as unsuccessful in affecting policy,7/29/2020,21,Reluctant moves on refugee issues.,38 Canada reluctantly participated in Evian Conference on refugees with NO mandate. Canadas immigration

18、 department was anti-Semitic (“None is too many”) Canada takes some German refugees, but insists on higher payment from Britain In response to 38 refugee crisis, Canada insisted it would accept only those who met categories for admissible immigrants 2,500 “potentially dangerous enemy aliens” brought

19、 to Canada from Britain) and interned (in fact many were Jews),7/29/2020,22,Census 41,Population 11,506,6755 98% pop of European origin 18% immigrants 45% of these female 71% of immigrants naturalized 50% population of British origin 30% French origin 170,241 Jews 34,627 Chinese 22,174 Africans,7/29

20、/2020,23,The End of WW II Some Change,Govt resistance to pressure for a more open immigration policy began to give way in the mid 40;s with: Sponsorships Identity documents Citizenship Act Emergency measures for refugees (economic considerations),7/29/2020,24,However the 52 Immigration Act still ,Ga

21、ve the Minister and officials significant powers over selection, admission and deportation. Allowed refusal on grounds of nationality, ethnic group, area of origin, peculiar customs, unsuitability re: climate, rate of assimilation, sexual orientation, etc.,7/29/2020,25,Govt allowed 4 groups to selec

22、t and process immigrants in 53 Oops! Conflict arose because the groups (churches) selected the people most in need! 54 Bar Assn criticized the arbitrary exercise of power by immigration officials and called for a quasi-judiciary Immigration Appeals Board,7/29/2020,26,61 Census followed restriction o

23、f admission of family members (temporary) Assisted loan program extended to Caribbean 66 White paper promoting a balance btwn economic interest and family relationship 67 Points system 1969 Canada finally signs Refugee Convention & Protocol,7/29/2020,28,Opening the doors.,71 Multiculturalism policy

24、announced Many immigrants and refugees from new source countries 74 Creation of ISAP program 78 New Immigration Act which identified 4 categories Refugee sponsorship program,7/29/2020,29,1981 Census,Population 24,083,500 86% had single European origin 16% immigrants 47% of these female 69% immigrants were citizens 40% population British origin 27% French Greater variety in countries of origin of immigrants,7/29/2020,30,91 Census. (domestic worker program, special measures for Salvadorans, CSIS, Singh, 86 administrative review