Book3Module4模块语法.ppt

1、Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia 模块语法,课文语法填空 Sandstorms，strong and dry winds _ carry sand，have struck some Asian countries for centuries. As a result of desertification，sandstorms in China seem _ (increase) in recent years. This is a process that happens _ land becomes desert because of climate changes a

2、nd _ people cut down trees and dig up grass.,that,to have increased,when,because,Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms sometimes have _ very bad effect on Beijing, _ (especial) on its weather and traffic. To solve the problem，many ways have been tried. For examp

3、le，in order to stop the desert, _ is only 250 km away to the west，_ (come) nearer to Beijing，the government is planting trees.,a,especially,which,coming,So far，over 30 billion trees _ (plant) and _ (many) trees will be planted for the next five years.,have been planted,more,模块重点语法： 动词不定式 阅读下列句子并体会黑体

4、部分的用法 1. There was nothing to be done. 2. It is difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. 3. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. 4. My job is to teach English at this school.,一、动词不定式 1动词不定式的时态和语态,to do,to be done,to be doing,/,to have done,to have been done,(1)不定式的一般

5、式： 表示不定式的动作与谓语动词_发生或在谓语动词_ 发生。 He asked me _ (help) him with the task. 他让我帮他完成这项任务。,to help,同时(几乎同时),之后,I stopped the car _ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story.,to take,to be published,(2)不定式的进行式： 表示不定式的动作_且与谓语动词_发生。 He is said

6、_ (study) abroad but I dont know which country it is. 据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道是哪个国家。,to be studying,正在进行,同时,(3)不定式的完成式： 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词_。 I am sorry _ (bring) you so much trouble. 对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。,to have brought,之前,(4)不定式的被动式： 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用动词不定式的被动形式。 Id like _ (tell) whats going on. 我希望被告

7、知正在发生什么。 The factory is reported _ (burn) down. 据报道这家工厂已经被烧毁了。,to be told,to have been burnt,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的情况: 在“主语系动词表语(形容词)( for sb.) to do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词有逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有_等。 The book is difficult _ (understand). 这本书很难懂。 This kind of food is not fit _ (eat). 这种食物不适合吃。,to un

8、derstand,to eat,easy，hard，difficult，fit,不定式作定语时，若构成不定式的动词与不定式所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，并且句子的主语是不定式动作的发出者时。 He has a large family _ (support). 他有一个大家庭要养。,to support,在“too.to.”和“enough.to.”结构中，若构成不定式的动词与句子的主语之间为动宾关系，不定式可以用主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is cheap enough _ (buy). 这本书很便宜，可以买。 The dish is too spicy _ (eat). 这道菜太

9、辣了，吃不了。,to buy,to eat,在“特殊疑问词to do”结构中，do与特殊疑问词之间为动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式。 I dont know what _ (do) next. 我不知道接下来该做什么。,to do,2动词不定式的语法功能 (1)作主语 不定式作主语表示_的动作，谓语动词通常用_数形式。 不定式作主语时可位于句首，也可位于句末(_作形式主语) _ (master) a foreign language is necessary. _ is necessary to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很有必要。,To master,

10、It,一次具体,单,it,(2)作表语 不定式作表语一般表示_动作，特别是表示_的动作。 They are _ (pay) a visit to the teacher together at 10 am. tomorrow. 他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师。,to pay,具体,将来,如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 _ (see) is _ (believe). 眼见为实。,To see,to believe,如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的

11、名词，或是what引导的主语从句，不定式作表语用来说明主语的内容。 Her wish is _ (become) a college student. 她的愿望是成为一名大学生。,to become,(3)作宾语 常用带to的不定式作宾语的动词有 afford，agree，ask, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。 He couldnt afford _ (buy) a car. 他买不起车。,to buy,有些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾语，也可以跟动名词作宾语，但

12、意思不同，如_等；有些动词后面接不定式和动名词作宾语时意思差别不大，如_等。 Remember _ (turn) off the lights before you leave the room. 在你离开房间之前，记得把灯关了。 I remembered _ (turn) off the lights when I left the room. 我记得我离开房间时关灯了。,to turn,turning,forget，remember，try,start, begin，hate，like,_这几个动词后面接不定式作宾语，且宾语后面有形容词/名词作宾补时，常用_作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之

13、后。 We think it quite important for us _ (learn)a foreign language well. 我们都认为学好一门外语对我们来说非常重要。,feel, find, think, believe, consider, make,it,to learn,(4)作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语，常用于下列动词后： ask, cause, call, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell等。 The teacher advised us _ (have) a re

14、st first. 老师建议我们先休息。,to have,在“五看(_ _)三使(_)两听(_)一感(_)”等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但当以上动词(let, have除外)用于被动语态时需要带to。 The boss made his men _ (work) all the night. 老板让他的工人整夜工作。 The person was seen _ (enter) the shop by us. 我们看见那个人进了商店。,see, watch, observe, notice, look at,make, let, have,hear, listen to,feel,

15、work,to enter,help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可带to也可不带to，即 help sb.(to) do sth. Tom always helps me _ (learn) English.,to learn / learn,(5)作定语 不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示_的动作。 The car _ (buy) is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。,未发生,to be bought,作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。 The Greens have a com

16、fortable house _ (live). 格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。,to live in,中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、only等修饰时，用不定式作定语。 She was the first woman _ (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。,to win,常用不定式作定语的名词：way, promise, plan, offer, decision, ability, warning等。 She said she had no plans _ (go) there. 她说她没有去那里

17、的打算。,to go,(6)作状语 不定式作状语表示目的、原因和结果。 原因状语。不定式作原因状语时，通常位于情感类形容词或表示心理活动的形容词/过去分词之后，表示产生某种情感或心理活动的原因。 He was very excited _ (see) you again. 再次看到你他非常激动。,to see,目的状语。不定式作目的状语时可位于句首和句末，且不定式前可加in order/so as，但so as to不能位于句首。 She reads China Daily every day _ (improve) her English. 为了提高英语，她每天读中国日报。 He ran v

18、ery fast _ catch the bus. 他跑得非常快以便能赶上这班公共汽车。 _ pass the exam, he studied very hard. 为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。,to improve,in order to/ so as to,In order to,结果状语。 不定式作结果状语时表示谓语动作的结果，一般表示出人意料的结果。 I hurried to the station，only _ (find) the train had left. 我匆匆赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。,to find,二、but动词不定式 1but用于cant but, ca

19、nt help but, cant choose but等短语后，意为“不得不，只能”，不定式_。 We cant but _ (face) the reality. 我们只能面对现实。 I couldnt choose but _ (speak) the truth. 我不能不说真话。 Whenever I think of the story, I still cant help but _ (laugh) at myself. 每当我想起那个故事，我仍不得不自嘲。,不带to,face,speak,laugh,2当but(表示“除之外”)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后的不定式通常不带t

20、o。其他情况不定式通常都要带to。 I have no choice but _ (accept) the fact. 除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。 There was nothing to do but _ (send) for a doctor. 除了派人去请医生，没有什么可以做的。,to accept,send,单句语法填空 1When the streets are full of melting snow, you cant help but _ (get) your shoes wet. 2Thinking of the increasingly bad situation, he couldnt but _ (feel) worried. 3The bank is reported in the local newspaper to _