主谓一致课件

1、主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在形式上与句子主语保持一致。即谓语在人称和数上须和主语保持一致。一致原则有： 形式一致：与主语在形式上取得一致。主语为单数， 谓语用单数。主语为复数，谓语用复数。 意义一致：与主语在意义上保持一致。主语虽为单 数，但意义为复数，谓语用复数。主语虽 为复数，但意义为单数，谓语用单数。 1）The crowd were running for their lives. 2）Three years in a strange land seems like a country. 就近一致：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于邻近的词的 形式。,I.形式一致 1.单数名词、代词，不可

2、数名词, 单个的动词不定式，动名词短语或从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。但由and连接的两个并列结构，谓语动词用复数。 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. Smoking _ harm to your health. Failure _ the mother of success. What he said _ quite right. The questions raised by Tom _ very important. To work hard and to realize my wish _ my aims. What I saw

3、and what I heard _ the same.,2.用and，both.and 连接的并列主语,谓语动词多用复数。但如果并列的名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。（这时and 后接名词前无冠词） 1）To go to bed early and to get up early _ a good habit. 2）Both bread and butter _ sold in the shop. 3）Bread and butter _ served for breakfast in this hotel. 4）A cart and horse _seen i

4、n the distance. 5）The girls teacher and friend _ a young lady. 6）The poet and writer _ arrived. The poet and the writer _ arrived.,is,are,is,was,is,has,have,7）What he says and what he does _ not agree. 8）What caused the fire and how much the loss _ still unknown. 3.由and连接的两个单数主语前分别有every, each, many

5、 a, no修饰时，谓语用单数。即everyand every,eachand each,noand no及many a and many a. Every boy and every girl _ to the party. (invite) Each boy and each girl _ got a seat.(have) No teacher and no student _ admitted. Many a desk and many a bench _ out of the hall.(take) Many a man _ it before.(see),do,were,4.在主谓

6、倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数与其后的主语一致。在there be句型中,如果有多个名词，谓语动词应与第一个名词保持一致。 South of the town _ a city. On the wall _ several pictures. There _ an apple and three oranges on the plate.(be) There _ to be four gunmen watching on the temple.(seem) Now _ your turn. Such _ his words.,5.主语后面跟有with, together with, along w

7、ith, as well as, no less than，more than，rather than， like, besides, except, but, including, in addition to 等引起的短语，谓语动词采取承前原则。 Tom, together with his parents, _ gone. No one except my parents _ about it. The visitors as well as the guide _ rescued. John, rather than his classmates, _ to meet you. All

8、 but me _ to blame.,6.不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another以及由any, some, no, every与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Each of us _ something to say. Something _ wrong with the phone. Someone _ using the telephone. Everything around us _ matter, _? 但none/neither/either of作主语时，后接不可数名词用单数

9、的谓语动词；后接可数名词时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。 None of the information _ useful to me. None of the books _ easy enough for us.None of us _ a camera.,7定语从句中的谓语动词与其先行词保持一致。 I, who _ your friend, will help you. 但one of +the+n(pl)+定语从句, 从句中谓语用复数,而 .the (only)one of +the+n(pl)+定语从句, 从句中谓语用单数 Tom is one of the students wh

10、o _ passed the exam. Tom is the only one of the students who _ passed the exam. One of the books I borrowed _ stolen.,8It + be + 被强调部分 + that/who 结构中，be用单数，如被强调的部分是主语，that/who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称和数一致。 It is I who _ going abroad for further study.(be) It is they that/who _ chatting on the Internet.(enjoy),9

11、. more than +n. 谓语动词取决于后面名词的数. more than +数词+n(pl) 作主语时,谓语用复数. more than +one +n(单数) 作主语时,谓语单复数均可,但多用单数。. More than 200 people _ seen the film.(have) More than one person _ made the suggestion.(have) more +n(pl) than one 作主语时,谓语动词多用复数. More members than one _ against your plan.,II. 意义上的一致: 1有些名词只有复数

12、形式, 如：glasses, scales (天平), scissors (剪刀), trousers, spectacles (眼镜), clothes, goods, socks, shorts, pliers(钳子) , compasses(圆规), chopsticks 等等作主语时,谓语用复数。但如有成双成对的名词a pair of , this pair of, a kind of 时,谓语用单数. Pair等用复数，谓语复数. The glasses _ to me.(belong) This pair of trousers _ mine. This kind of book

13、= a book of this kind, 作主语，谓语用单数； this kind of men, men of this kind 和these kind(s) of men三者意义相同，但后两者作主语时，谓语用复数。This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _ hard to get on with.,2有些名词形式上是复数,意义上是单数, 作主语谓语动词用单数.这些名词有:news, works, means, physics, mathematics, economics (以ics结尾的学科名词). Physics seems

14、to be difficult to me. (1)单复数相同的词, 作主语时谓语动词单复依定语而定.如:means,works,deer,Chinese,Japanese, Swiss等。1) All means have been tried. 2) Every means has been tried, but without much result. works 作“工厂”解时，谓语动词用单数，作“著作”解时，谓语动词用复数。 The glass works was set up in 1959. Chairman Maos works have been published. pol

15、itics 作“政治学科”解,谓语用单数，作“政治见解”解,谓语用复数. May I ask what your politics are？,3集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。如：people, police, cattle，youth 等。但people表示“一个民族”解时，谓语用单数；表示“多个民族”时.谓语用复数。 The cattle _ eating grass in the fields. The police _ searching the town for the murderer. Our youth _ all loyal to our motherland. The Ch

16、inese people _ a brave and hard-working one.,4表示书刊、剧名、报纸名、国家、城市、组织、人名等的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 “The Arabian Nights” _ a very interesting book. The Selected Poems of LiBai _ published long ago. The United Stated _ a developed country. The Times _ once a week.(appear),5有些集合名词如family, group, team, crowd, audience, class, crew，club，government，nation, public， enemy，company，committee, population 等作主语时，若作为一个整体，谓语用单数，若考虑其成员，谓语用复数。 My family _ a happy one. My family _ having breakfast then. Our foo