初中英语八种时态.ppt

1、初中英语八种时态,一、一般现在时( simple present tense) 1.形式 一般现在时通常用动词原形来表示。be动词用am、is、are。主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化规律: 一般动词后加-s；以s、x、ch、sh结尾，加-es；以辅音字母加o结尾，一般加-es；辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加-es。,2用法 a. 表示经常发生的动作或现阶段的习惯性行为，常与时间状语often， usually，always，every day，sometimes， seldom，never等连用。 I never do my homework in the evening. Sometimes

2、we play football on the playground. He seldom listens to music.b. 表示现在的事实或状态。 China is a developing country. I like English very much.c. 表示格言，科学事实和客观真理。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事总是由难而易。 Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。 The teacher tol

3、d us yesterday that December 25 is Christmas Day.,3.句式 肯定 否定 疑问 回答 He likes eggs. He doesnt like eggs. Does he like eggs? Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. I want an apple. I dont want an apple. Do you want an apple? Yes, I do./No, I dont.,4.做题时常见错误如下： 一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中 例：We are plant (plant) the trees

4、 in spring. 二、单三人称形式易出错 例：1. He plays (play) football very well. 2. Danny goes (go) to school at 7:10. 三、在句式变换时易出错 例：1. Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2. Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China. 四、对do的理解易出错 例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 五、对主语的数判断有误 例： Li Ming with me are (be)

5、 in Beijing. 另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。,5.中考真题及模拟 （2009东城区一模）Mary_ the piano well. She is often asked to play at the concert. A. play B. plays C. playing D. played (2009海淀区一模）My mother will take me to the movie if she _ free this weekend. A. is B. will be

6、C. was D. would be (2009崇文区一模)The girls will have a trip if it _fine. A. is B. was C. will be D. has been (2008北京)Hell send us a message as soon as he _ in Sichuan. A. is arriving B. will arrive C. arrived D. arrives （2007武汉）What do you do? Im an engineer. I _ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job ve

7、ry much. A. work B. had worked C. will work D. worked (2006武汉)Is your father a doctor? Yes, he is. He_ in Town Hospital. A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked (2006陕西)Every year many foreigners _to China to learn Chinese. A. have come B. comes C. came D. come,二、现在进行时( present continuous ten

8、se)1构成 be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词,2用法 a. 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。He is eating an ice cream.他正在吃冰激凌。 Lets wait. The children are crossing the street. b. 表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。We are working on a farm these days? 这些天我们在一个农场干活。 c. 表示位置移动或趋向的词，如go，come, start，leave, arrive, move等常用进行时表将来。He is leaving f

9、or Shanghai tomorrow. Im coming! Whats the score now? 我就来！现在比分是多少？ We are moving to a big house next month. 下个月我们将搬到一所大房子里。 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.,3.现在分词的构成规则 1）一般情况， 在动词后加ing，例词work-working，study-studying，go-going2）以不发

10、音的e结尾，去e再加-ing，例词have-having，live-living，take-taking 3）重读闭音节，只有一个辅音字母结尾，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing， 例词cut-cutting stop-stopping，forget-forgetting，begin-beginning 4）以ie结尾，变ie为y再加-ing，例词die-dying，lie-lying，tie-tying,4. 形式肯定句否定句疑问句 简要回答 I am studying. I am not studying.Am I studying? Yes，I am/ No，I am not.,5. 一般现在

11、时和现在进行时的区别(1) 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，现在进行时表示正在发生的行为。 a. He is cleaning his room now.他在打扫房间。 He cleans his room every day.他每天都要打扫房间。 b.They are visiting China.他们正在中国观光。 They often come to China for a visit.他们经常来中国观光。 (2) 一般现在时表示现在的状态。 He likes jiaozi. They have a lot of friends,考例：Mr. Smith _ short storie

12、s, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writing is writing B. is writing writes C. writesis writing D. writes writes 6.中考真题及模拟 (2009崇文区二模)Dont turn off the radio. I _ to the news. A. listen B. have listened C. listened D. am listening (2009朝阳区一模)Have you seen Mr. Smith? Yes. Look, he _ his bike over

13、 there. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. has cleaned (2009海淀区一模)Wheres Susan, Mike? She _ in the kitchen. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked (2009西城区一模)Have you got a job offer? Not yet. I _. A. waited B. am waiting C. wait D. was waiting (2009宣武区一模)Do you think John will help me m

14、ove the piano? Youd better not ask him. He _ a composition. A. write B. writes C. is writing D. wrote (2009崇文区一模)Wheres the children, Mr Black? Oh, they _ their PE lesson on the playground. A. have B. had C. are having D. have had （2008北京）Dont turn on the TV. Grandma _ now. A. is sleeping B. will sl

15、eep C. slept D. sleeps,(2007北京)What are you doing, Cathy? Im _my cat. I cant find it. A. looking for B. looking at C. looking up D. looking after （2006北京）Whats your brother doing in his room now? He _ a kite. A. makes B. made C. is making D. will make (2005北京) -Where is Frank now? -He _ his bike in

16、the yard. A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed （2008辽宁）Mary,could you help me? Wait a moment. I _. A. read a book B. did my homework C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner (2007浙江)Listen，who _ in the room? Lets go and see. A. is crying B. crying C. cry D. cries They _ about “Supper Voi

17、ce Girl”.lets join them. A. talk B. are talking C. have talked D. talked (2006山东威海)Are you a baby-sister here? No. I _after the baby instead of Ms Green.She is away for shopping. A. look B. am looking C. have looked D. looked,三一般过去时(simple past tense)1概念 一般过去时表示过去某一时刻，某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时用动词的过去式表示

18、。,2构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。be的过去式有was，were两种； have的过去式是had；规则动词的过去式在动词词尾加-ed，具体构成规则如下： 1）一般情况，动词后加ed，例词work-worked，clean-cleaned，play-played，wash-washed 2）以不发音的e结尾，-d，例词live-lived，move-moved，hope-hoped，arrive-arrived 3）以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为 i再加-ed，例词study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried，identify-identified 4）以辅音字

19、母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母加-ed，例词plan-plannedstop-stopped，beg-begged，grab-grabbed,3用法 (1) 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。如：He went shopping with his friends last week. They arrived ten minutes ago. He became a hotel manager ten years ago. Did you go to the concert last night? (2) 表示在过去经常发生的动作或习惯动作。如：He visited his gran

20、dparents once a month last year. She usually went to work by car last year. When I was at school, I always went to school by bus.,4.如何识别 一般过去时常见的标志词有：1）. yesterday, the day before yesterday.2）. last week / year / month / term (简称last系列)3）. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago(简称ago系列)4）. in

21、/ on + 过去的年/月/日，如 in 1999, on April, 2005 5）. just now, once upon a time, one day,5.易错点例析：（1）Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. Its 4331577A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant (2)Mr. Smith isnt coming tonight. But he _.A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised(3) Hey, look whe

22、re you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice(4) Oh its you ! I _ you. Ive had my hair cut.A. didnt realize B. havent realized C. didnt recognize D. dont recognized (5) Since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready? But

23、 I _ that you would have me start at once.A. dont realize B. didnt realizeC. hadnt realized D. havent realized(6) Its twelve oclock, I think I must be off now. Oh, really? I _ it at all.A. dont realize B. havent realized C. didnt realize D. hadnt realizedKey：ABBCBC,6.中考真题及模拟 (2009朝阳区一模)He went into

24、his room, _ the light and began to work. A. has turned on B. will turn on C. turns on D. turned on (2009海淀一模)Whats the best food have you had in Beijing, Alex? Roast duck! I _to a famous restaurant to have it last week. A. have gone B. go C. will go D. went (2009宣武区一模)Do you know how many gold medal

25、s the 23-year-old Michael Phelps _at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games? Eight. A. win B. wins C. won D. has won (2008北京)We were in Qingdao last week and _ great fun there. A. will have B. have had C. had D. have (2007北京)What did you do after school yesterday? I _basketball with my friends. A. play B. pl

26、ayed C. will play D. am playing （2005北京）-Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? -I _well last night. A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. havent slept D. wont sleep (2008四川泸州)Yesterday，Tonys family _ a good time. A. has B. have C. had （2007湖南湘潭）Im sorry youve missed the train. It _10 minutes ago. A.

27、 left B. has left C. had left,(2007福州)Mr Green, _you_ Three Lanes and Alleys（三坊七巷）last Sunday? No, but Ill visit them next week. A. will; go to B. have; been to C. did; go to D. have; gone to (2007浙江)What did the teacher say just now? He _us not to play computer games all day. A. tells B. told C. ha

28、s told D. is told (2007江西)Inventors have changed the way we live. So they are famous for the great things they _. A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done (06江西)Wheres the cake I made this morning? We _ it, mum. Can you make another one for us? A. ate B. eat C. will it D. were eating (2006天津)Have you m

29、ended your shoes，Bob? Yes，I_ them twenty minutes ago Ahave mended Bmend Chad mended Dmended (2006威海)The office was broken into last nightSomeone thinks you did it But I_ the whole night with my best friend，John Aspend Bam spending Cspent Dhad spent,四一般将来时（the future tense） 用法：表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表

30、示将来经常或反复发生的动作。I am going to/will watch a football match this evening.,形式：（1）“be going to/助动词will/be to+动词原形”，主语是I、we时，助动词也可用shall. be going to do 表示根据计划或安排将要做某事，也可表示根据目前情况判断很有可能但不是注定会发生某事；will/ shall do表示根据计划或安排将要做某事，也可以表示不以人的意志为转移的客观规律，be to do表示根据计划或安排将要做某事，也可以表示征求对方意见，还可以表示必要性或可能性。 Eg. He will go

31、 to his hometown next week. They are going to meet outside the school gate. (2) come，go, start, move, sail, leave等非延续性动词常用进行时表示按计划将要发生的事。 Eg. The whole family is going for two weeks.全家要去两个星期。 My sister is coming to see me. Shell be here soon. （3）在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Eg. Ill go to see you if i

32、t doesnt rain tomorrow.,常用的时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next time, “in+一般时间”,from now on, later(on),soon等。,中考真题及模拟 (2009朝阳区一模) I _ to the bookshop as soon as school is over this afternoon. A. will go B. have gone C. go D. went (2009西城区一模)When _ for Hong Kong, do you know? Im not sure. When

33、 he _, Ill let you know. A. he leaves ;leaves B. will he leave; will leave C. he leaves; will leave D. will he leave;leaves (2009崇文区一模)Where will they go next Sunday? They _ to the Great Wall. A. will go B. go C. has gone D. went (2007北京)I _the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow. A. will return B. r

34、eturned C. have returned D. return （2005北京）Frank _ a film if hes free next Saturday. A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see I want to know _the day after tomorrow. A. what he will do B. what will he do C. what he did D. what did he do,（2008襄樊）Has he returned the library book yet? Not yet. Dont worry.

35、 He _it soon. A. returned B. has returned C. will return D. returns (2007河南)Look at the noisy kids! Havent you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice _.”? A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play (2006厦门)He doesnt tell me when he_. Ill call you up as soon as he _. A. will come, arrive

36、s B. comes, arrives C. will come, will arrive (2006常德)If it_ tomorrow, we_ travel outside. A. will rain; will B. rains; wont C. will rain; wont (2006江西)Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes? Sorry, Dad. I_ to the shop. A. go B. went C. am going D. have been (2008广东) I hear that he will be back _ t

37、wo weeks time. A. at B. in C. after D. for,、现在完成时( Present Perfect Tense), 现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也最难掌握的一个时态，同时也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点.,基本构成 “have / has+过去分词” 其中have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not. 助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。,2、主要用法 现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法，也叫持续性

38、用法。两种用法的特点是： 1). 已完成用法（影响性用法）：表示动作发生在过去某个不太确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果，同时说话者强调或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果.还可表示刚刚、已经做完某事，曾经或未曾做某事。常与already, just, yet，ever, never，the past few years，before等连用,如： Has she found her car key？ 她找到她的车钥匙了吗？（对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗？） -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？

39、 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。 I havent read your novel yet.我还没有读你的小说。 He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。 Have you ever been a teacher？ 你当过教师吗？ Our hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. 我们家乡在过去的几年里变化很大。,2). 未完成用法（持续性用法）：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并

40、未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去（也可能到此结束）。常有下列标志：for+时间段（ten years, a long time等）；since+时间点（two oclock, August 2003,等）；recently，so far, up to now等。如： How have you been？ 你近来怎样？ She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。 How long have you been in Shanghai？ 你在上海已经多久了？ I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。 I