情态动词高考复习.ppt

1、高中英语语法之情态动词,Modal Verb,can could may might shall should must will would ought to,have to dare need used to,We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Ability （能力） 2. Obligation （义务） 3. Certainty （可能性） 4. Permission （允许） 5. Make requests（提出请求） 6. Make suggestions（提出建议） 7. Make offers（提供帮助） 8. Give advice（提

2、出意见),高考热点：,1.推测可能性 2.情态动词+have done 结构 3.shall,should, can 和must 表特定语气,应试策略：,1.掌握情态动词的基本用法特征 2.仔细体会句子语境，不放过任何细节 3.通过实战练兵，确保精通,考点一 Ability (能力):,Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.,备考清单,can, could, be able to, was/were able to, could have done,1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力.,Man can not liv

3、e without air.,He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course speak English quite well.,will be able to 用来表示将来的能力,If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.,Attention:,can/be able to区别:,Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was not able t

4、o.,can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而be able to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。,Attention:,can/be able to区别:,A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.,was able to,2. She _ speak both English and French.,can,2.表过去的能力时，could表示过去一般的能力，即不表示是否做成某事；was/were abl

5、e to 表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事，相当于managed to do something/succeeded in doing something; could have done 表示过去有能力做但未作。,She could /was able to sing like an angel when she was a child. （一般的能力）,I could have worked out the problem, but I didnt. （过去有能力但未做）,Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.,Althou

6、gh the chance of winning a medal is small, Ill try my best!,考点二. Certainty (可能性) :,Attention:,might,should,must,may,could,ought to,will,1.He _ be at home.,2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 10 seconds ago.,A.may B.might C.must,A.may B.might C.must,can,1.表示推测的情态动词层次比较,2.肯定句中，can 可

7、以表示客观的（理论的）可能性，并不涉及具体某时是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征；要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时不可用can ,须用could, may ,might.,A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a railway station.,行李寄存处是在车站人们可以短期存放行李的地方。（客观的可能性）,Accidents can happen on such rainy days.,这样的天气可能会发生事故。 （客观的可能性）,We may go camping next Sunday.,下星

8、期我们可能野营去。（实际可能性）,Peter may come with us tonight , but he isnt sure yet.,彼得今晚可能来我们这儿，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不能用can),表示推测,一定，肯定 must 一定不，不可能cant, couldnt 可能肯定句 may ,might ,could 否定句 may might not 疑问句 can ,could do sth.表示现在 be doing 表示正在发生的动作 have done表示过去发生的动作,都可以 +,He must have a car now.,.must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在

9、发生的动作/过去发生的动作。他一定有一辆车 他一定在教室里做练习。 他一定已完成了工作,He must have finished the work.,He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.,一定不，不可能 cant couldnt He cant be at home. He couldnt have said such a thing . 他们一定不在图书馆读书。 约翰是很聪明的，他应该不会叫他儿子那样做。,They cant be reading in the library.,John is very clever . He c

10、annot have told his son to do that .,可能肯定句 could , may ,might 否定句may might not（可能不） 疑问句 can ,could 肯定句 These students may / might have seen the film before. 否定句 The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. 这个男孩可能没在家看电视,He may / might be sleeping now,疑问句 How could he have forgotten such an importa

11、nt thing?这么重要的事他怎么能忘了呢？ Its so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？ Can you have left the watch at home?你会不会把表丢在家里呢？,1. I thought you_ like something to read. So I have brought you some books.A. ought B. might C. could D. must 2. That man must be Sarahs husband.-No, he_ be her husband. She i

12、s still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ought to 3. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will,May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal?,考点三. 表请求、许可,Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示，此外此种用法还可用May/might/can/could I-?等句型；当主语是第二人称时，用Would/will/could/can you

13、-? 1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you?,shall:,2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished according to the rule. 等我读完这本书，就会给他的。,He shall have the book when I finish it.,警告,

14、威胁,允诺,考点四. “情态动词+have done”的用法,（1）must have done对过去某事的十分肯定猜测 （2）may/might have done对过去某事的可能性猜测 （3）cant/couldnt have done对过去某事的否定猜测 （4）should/ought to have done过去应该做而未做 （5）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 过去不应该做而实际上做了 （6）neednt have done 本没有必要做的事实际却做了 （7）could have done 本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到,Practice,With

15、 so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have gone C. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone,2. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried,Practice,3. I saw Mary in the library yesterday. -Y

16、ou_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see,4. Aunt Mary_the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss,考点五. 情态动词表示各种语气,1.must 用于指偏要，硬要（指做令人不快的事）等语气。 The car must break d

17、own just when we were about to start off. 我们正要出发车子偏偏坏了。 Must you shout so loudly? 干吗要叫那么大？,2.Can 可用表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）,Can this be an excuse for not giving them help? 这难道能成为你不帮他们的理由吗？ No, no, this cant be true. 不，不，这不可能是事实。 How can you be so careless! 你怎么这样粗心！,3.may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。,May you s

18、ucceed.,May you be happy all your life.,4 should表示意外或惊讶 常译为 “居然，竟然”。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。,考点六. 其他用法,1.表示“宁愿做某事”时，可使用下面这些句式： would rather do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth. woud do sth. rather than do sth. would rather sb. did sth.

19、 prefer to do sth. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.,2.used to 和would 的区别 used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而would则表示单纯过去的习惯动作，常与often, every day 等连用。,He used to be a very strong man. 他以前是一个身体很强壮的人。（不可用would,言下之意是:现在体质差多了） She isnt what she used to be. 她跟

20、过去不一样了。（表示对比，不可用would） We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他讲故事（表示过去的重复行为）,3.Can not-too/enough - 表示“无论怎么-也不过分-”，“越-越好,You cant be too careful. 你越小心越好。 You can not remember enough English words. 你记的英语单词越多越好,can not but + do sth. 表示“不得不，只好”。,I cannot but admire

21、 your bravery. 我不得不佩服你的勇气,4.might (just) as well “只好”,Our holidays were ruined by the weather；we might just as well have stayed at home!,Thank you,过关落实 1.Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be，but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B.would C.should D.must 解析：should译为“应该”，含有批评

22、的语气。 答案：C,2.What does the sign over there read? “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” A.will B.may C.shall D.must 解析：shall表示按法律，规则等条文规定“必须”。 答案：C 3.She looks very happy.She _ have passed the exam. I guess so.Its not difficult after all. A.should B.could C.must

23、D.might 解析：must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译为“肯定 发生过某事”。 答案：C,4.Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put 解析：might have done表示对过去事情的不太肯定的推测，译 为“或许发生过某事”。 答案：D 5.The teacher _ have thought Johnson was

24、worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him，I suppose. A.should B.can C.would D.must 解析：must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。 答案：D,6.My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where _ I have put it? A.can B.must C.should D.would 解析：在否定和疑问句中只能用can表推测。 答案：A 7.My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. A.would

25、nt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt 解析：shouldnt have done表示本不应该做某事但实际上却做 了，含有责备的语气。 答案：C,8.The biggest problem for most plants，which _ just get up and run away when threatened，is that animals like to eat them. A.shant B.cant C.neednt D.mustnt 解析：根据上下文的意思应用cant表示能力。 答案：B 9.Theres no light onthey _ be at home. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt 解析：对现在事实的否定猜测，用cant。 答案：A,10.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 解析：此处cant表示不具有某种能力(不会)。 答案：C 11.Dont interrupt me，John._ you force me to tell you the truth at the moment? A.