四级听力3 (2) - 副本.ppt

1、,英语四级听力讲座4 复合式听写,一、复合式听写的命题规律,1. 选材 复合式听写多为说明文或议论文，涉及科普、经济、社会、历史、文化等多方面，且其观点鲜明、条理清楚。这为考生准确捕捉所需信息提供了语境条件。 ps: 01年以后全部为说明文，难度在增加。,一、复合式听写的命题规律,2. 设题 共十个空。占10的分数比例（新题型中分值为1071071分） 前七空为单个单词填写，必须写下听到的准确形式，即听到什么写什么。得分，每空0.5分，共3.5分。 后三空为句子填写。请注意，此时，你既可以听到什么写下什么，也可以按照自己的话将要点写下来。后三空的分数设置为：2分、2分和2.5分。三句中最长的一

2、句是2.5分的句子。,一、复合式听写的命题规律,3. 考查的时间 第一遍，单词部分尽量写出首字母一个或两个。以减少 第二遍的负担。句子部分，尽量确定主语和谓语。 第二遍，单词部分填写完整。句子部分，用自己的语言 结构出主要含义。 第三遍，检查单词部分。完善句子部分。,一、复合式听写的命题规律,4. 考查的难度 虽然本题型的第二部分要求填写的内容较长，但并不要求考生把听到的内容一字不差地写下来，考生只需把听到的内容的大意用自己的话表达出来即可，这在一定程度上降低了听写的难度。 需要提醒，听写部分得满分的几率和写作得满分的几率一样低。,二、复合式听写的考查要点,1. 不仅考听的能力，还考单词拼写、

3、信息记录和内容概括的能力。 例如，在2006年的四级试题中，第一部分的“schedule”、“considerate”、“necessarily”等单词都比较长，考生少写、多写或写错一个字母该题将不能得分。 2006年12月的四级试题中，第二部分的最后一题原文内容为：There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal.这句话共19个单词，只凭记忆很难把它准确地写出来，这就要求考生把听到的要点记下来，然后再用自己的话概括出来。,二、复合式听

4、写的考查要点,2. 不仅考单词和句子，而且考语法。 从形式上看，本题的两部分主要考单词和句子。但由于录音中的连读、弱读等现象的存在，有时只靠听难以辨别名词是单数还是复数，动词是现在分词还是过去分词等等，考生须根据已具备的语法知识来加以推断，得出正确的结论。,You would also use formal English in compositions and (41) _ that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with (42) _, family members and friends, a

5、nd when we write (43) _ notes or letters to close friends. 41. essays 42. colleagues 43. personal,二、复合式听写的考查要点,3. 不仅考词义，而且考词性。 一般情况下，只要听出单词的正确发音，结合其在所处的上下文语境中应有的语义即可做出正确判断。但有时在没有完全听清楚或记录时发生笔误的情况下考生可以根据其所处位置判断其应有的词性从而做出正确判断或修正。 例如，上文提到的2006年12月四级试题的复合式听写第43题答案应为personal，但如果考生把该单词最后一个音同后面一个单词的第一个发音混在一

6、起或记录时发生笔误，考生可根据语法判断出该词应为形容词，从而判断出其正确拼写形式。,二、复合式听写的考查要点,4. 不仅考单句，而且考句与句之间的逻辑关系。 逻辑是指上下文的因果、转折、递进、解释等关系。考生可根据这些关系，在听录音之前即可概略地预测所缺单词，从而做到心中有数。 例如，But Michaels (4) success hasnt alwayscome easy. (5) _ his intelligence, he still lacks important life (6) _.,二、复合式听写的考查要点,5. 不仅考细节，而且考主题或结论。 第二部分(后三空)的考查主要分两

7、种情况：一是考细节，二是考主题或结论。 Another challenge was his size. (8) _. He likes computers so much (9) _ . He wants to make robots do all the heavy tasks (10) _ . 第8小题横线上的录音内容为High school physical education was difficult, because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.这显然是用来说明Another

8、 challenge was his size.的细节。而第10小题的答案为Michael is smart, but he is like every other kid.这是全文的结论。,2006年12月新题型,Part III Section C You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very (36) _. All languages have two general lev

9、els of (37) _: a formal level and an informal level. English is no (38) _. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a (39) _ level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, (40) _ books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in co

10、mpositions and (41) _ that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with (42) _, family members and friends, and when we write (43) _ notes or letters to close friends. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more

11、polite. (44) _. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member “Close the door, please,” (45) _. Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. (46) _. Lets say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend I might say “I am just crazy about soc

12、cer!” But if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say “I really enjoy soccer.”,2006年12月四级考试复合式听写答案,You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very (36) natural. All languages have two general levels of (37) usa

13、ge: a formal level and an informal level. English is no (38) exception. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a (39) particular level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, (40) reference books and in business letters. You would also use formal

14、 English in compositions and (41) essays that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with (42) colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write (43) personal notes or letters to close friends. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First

15、, formal language tends to be more polite. (44) What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member “Close the door, please,” (45) But to a stranger, I probably would say, “would you mind closing the door?” Another di

16、fference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. (46) There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Lets say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend I might say “I am just crazy about soccer!” But if

17、I were talking to my boss, I would probably say “I really enjoy soccer.”,三、复合式听写的应试技巧,1. 预测 从考试试卷发下来到开始放录音的间隙以及播放考试指令的时间都可以用来浏览试卷，捕捉卷面文字信息，预测将要听到的内容。通过预测我们可以判断文章谈论的话题、文章的主旨大意及脉络走向，同时我们也能判断可能出现的单词的范围和词性等。 (1)关于文章主旨大意的预测 (2)关于文章细节的预测,(2)关于文章细节的预测,复合式听写是以短文的形式出现的。文章都有严密的逻辑关系和紧密的上下文结构，所以我们在听前可以利用卷面内容，根据

18、文章的逻辑关系和上下文之间的结构，推测出文章中要求填写的单词、短语或句子。 例如：06年12月考题。 “All languages have two general levels of (37) _: a formal level and an informal level. English is no (38) _. ”其中38题即使我们没有听到录音也大概能判断此处应该填exception或difference之类的词。这样一来，就可将即将听到的内容的范围缩小到几个词，能够大大提高对听力内容的把握。,三、复合式听写的应试技巧,2. 会听，善记 在第一遍朗读过程中，考生要本着听为主、记为辅的原

19、则，结合听前所做的预测，注重把握全文的大意。对于十分明显的答案，可以做一下标记。这样做可以为第二遍以记为主的过程打下良好的基础，起到启发、点拨的作用，进一步降低了听力的难度，减轻了第二遍记笔记的任务，同时也能帮助考生放松紧张的心情。,三、复合式听写的应试技巧,2. 会听，善记 (1) 关于前七空 前七空的单词的出题标准很简单，即能够听懂，但是很容易写错。例如: typical被大部分人写成tipical, describe被大部分人写成discribe，2001年的environmental,很多人会忘记写n总之，拼写总能够让你把貌似简单的单词弄错。 前七空的单词也会涉及单复数、时态、语态等多

20、种变化。,三、复合式听写的应试技巧,2. 会听，善记 (2) 关于后三空 对于后三空，强烈建议各位考生，请不要听到什么就写什么，而按照考试要求的第二种方式，即按照自己的话把要点写下来进行填写。 两个方向：由长到短，由难到易。例如： 就像当你在填写句子时听到immediately这个词你会写成at once, 听到journey会写成trip一样，句子的转变也是一个道理。即在保持句子主要含义的情况下，长句子变短，难句子变易。,由长到短，由难到易,方式一：名词转代 方式二：修饰从无 方式三：句式转换,由长到短，由难到易,方式一：名词转代 将听到的复杂名次尽量向代词过渡以此节省拼写时间，减少拼写错误

21、。 例如，Michael,直接变成he, 而Alexander则可以为she, 若听到Michael and Alexander,则变成they. 复杂一些的：I used to study in that university. 可以变成：I studied there. 最典型的案例就某年的第8句，原句的后半句为：because all of the equipments were too big for the then five-year-old student,按照此方式，句子瞬间简化成：Because the equipments were big for him. (the th

22、en five-year-old student 用him代替),由长到短，由难到易,方式二：修饰从无 即，将句子中不影响句意的状语等修饰成分尽量删减。 例如, the train is somewhat behind schedule可以改为：The train is late. (somewhat就是明显不影响句意的修饰成分),由长到短，由难到易,方式三：句式转换 即，尽量将英文喜欢使用句子形式转化为中文长见的句式。 例如：the baby waited to arrive until we got to the hospital.综合全文的意思， 此句的含义是：直到我们到医院，孩子才生下

23、来。 可以写成， the baby was born when we arrived.,三、复合式听写的应试技巧,3. 核对 复合式听写第三遍朗读是供考生进行核对的，这一环节也十分重要，需要我们充分利用，从而帮助我们查漏补缺，完善答案，避免不必要的丢分。比如有关名词的单复数问题（这也是复合式听写考查的一个重点）不仅考查考生的听力，同时考查考生的语法应用能力，该考点往往使一些考生因为单词形式错误而丢分，仔细检查就可以解决这一问题。,2007年12月新题型,Part III Section C More and more of the worlds population are living in

24、 towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is(36) . Between 1920 and 1960, big cities in developed countries(37) two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world, the growth was eight times their size. The (38) size of growth is bad enough, b

25、ut there are now also very (39) signs of trouble in the (40) of percentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the 19th century, cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe, the (41) of people living in cities was always smaller than that

26、 of the (42) working in factories. Now, however, the (43) is almost always true in the newly industrialized world： (44) . Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth: (45) .There has been little opportunity to build water supplies for other facilities. (46)

27、 , a growing in the number of hopeless and despairing parents and starving children.,2007年12月新题型,Part III Section C More and more of the worlds population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is(36) alarming. Between 1920 and 1960, big

28、cities in developed countries(37) increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world, the growth was eight times their size. The (38)sheer size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very (39)disturbing signs of trouble in the (40)comparison of percentages of people liv

29、ing in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the 19th century, cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe, the (41)proportion of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the (42)workforce working in factories. Now, however, the (43)reverse is al

30、most always true in the newly industrialized world: (44)The percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry. Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth: (45)There is not enough money to build adequate houses for

31、 the people that live there, let alone the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities. (46)So the figures for the growth of towns and cities represent proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growing in the number of hopeless and des

32、pairing parents and starving children.,2007年12月新题型,Part III Section C 首先，本文的第一句话明确提出了这样一个社会现象：全球有越来越多的人口聚居于城镇，意味着全文都将以这一现在为核心。四级复合式听写考题有一个特点：第一句话不会出现空格，即尽量使全文的开头核心句信息内容完整，以帮助考生把握全文主旨。,2007年12月新题型,Part III Section C No.36：这个空格前出现了BE动词is，应填入一个形容词，对前面的内容进行修饰。而句子前半部分给出了一个城镇人口告诉增长，和国家欠发达的对比，由此内容可推断，填入这个空

33、格的形容词含义必定是消极负面的。 No.37：该空格在整个句子中所充当的成分是谓语，所以听题之前就可判断这个词肯定是个动词。另外，鉴于本句前面的时间范畴时1920年到1960年，所以这个动词必须用过去时填写。 No.38：本空格前面是定冠词the，后面出现了一个名词size，所以夹在这个需要我们填写的词肯定是个形容词。Sheer表示“纯粹的，单纯的”，在这里，指“光是这样的增长（本身）就已经很糟糕了”。,2007年12月新题型,Part III Section C No.39：与前一空非常类似。可以放在very和一个名词之间的，必定是一个形容词。Disturbing表示“令人烦恼的，令人忧心忡

34、忡的”。 No.40：放在定冠词the之后，且可以与介词of连用，必为名词。本空格的考点在于固定搭配the comparison of，表示“与相比较”。 No.41：原理同上，考察the proportion of这个搭配，意为“在中所占的比例”。 No.42&43：定冠词the后面用名词，workforce表示一个单位的劳动力，含义上有泛指性；reverse本身表示“相反，背面，倒转”，本文中表示“相反的情况”。,2007年12月新题型,Part III Section C No.44：本句在记录和表达时，要着重体现出much higher than这样一个比较级结构。其中关键信息perc

35、entage，在速记时可用%符号，或者首字母P进行简单指代。 No.45：本句关键在let alone这个词组，表示“更别提。其中adequate一词可能有的考生一下子写不出来，可以用enough取代。不必担心“一句话里面用了两个一样的词，会不会影响得分”之类的问题。四级（包括六级）的复合式听写，含义正确即可，对用词没有要求。 No.46：句子机构比较复杂，注意其中有两个用and连接的并列结构词组，都是重要信息，表达的时候要尽量体现出来。有两个难词：Proportional表示“成比例的，相应的”，underemployment表示“不充分就业”。 综上所述，本次四级的复合式听写，前面的单词较

36、好推测，且难度与以往题目持平，主要是后面长句部分要求较高，较之往年题目，更注重特定句式结构的考察。,2009年12月新题型,Part III Section C In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive and process. Factual writing provides(37) information on an author,

37、composer or artist, or on a type of music, literature or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket, or (38) cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music, which you might read in a music (39) course. This kind of writing provides a (40) for your study

38、of the humanities. As its name (41) , descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) of a piece of music, art or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors and artists used in the painting, or the (43) a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pic

39、tures or sound in the readers mind, by calling up specific details of the work. (44) . Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about result. (45) . This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46) .,2009年12月新题型,Part III Section C In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36)classified into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive