Unit 1 Art Grammar（学生版）

1、Book 6 Unit 1 Grammar虚拟语气(一) 一英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。(一)陈述语气 :用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、 否定、疑问或感叹等形式。 The sun is larger than the earth. Does Tom usually get up very early?(二)祈使语气: 用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Wait outside until you are asked . Lets take a break, shall we ？(3） 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实, 而是一种假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推

2、测。条件句分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a. 真实条件句: 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用_语气。(虚拟、陈述？)If it is fine tomorrow, I shall go shopping. b. b. 虚拟条件句/非真实条件句: 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用_语气。(虚拟、陈述？) If I were you, I would forgive Mary. 二. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用, 由if引导的虚拟条件句 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句如：（找出下列的从句和主句） If the weather were fine now, we should go f

3、or a picnic.如果现在天气好的话，我们就出去野餐了。 If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式:条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 谓语动词时态：_ do-_ be_情态动词：would, could, _, _+动词原形do练习：If the God _(give) me another chance，I_( tell )the girl three words, “ I love you.” If I _(have to ) set a time limit

4、 to our love, it _( be) 10,000 years! 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如：（找出下列的从句和主句）She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式:条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 谓语动词时态:_ do-_情态动词：_, could, sho

5、uld, might+_+_练习：1）If I_ (not be) busy last night, I _(go) to see the film with you. 2）If he _(drive) more carefully, he _(not have) the car accident yesterday.3.与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句如：（找出下列的从句和主句）If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。If it should fa

6、il, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。If an earthquake happened/should happen/ were to happen tomorrow, I would /should/ could/might stay outdoors and learn English.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语) 的谓语动词形式:条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 1.谓语动词时态：_ do-_ bewere 2. _ 3._情态动词：_, _, _, _+动词原形do注意：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常

7、被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。练习: If you _(get) a full mark next time, I _ (hold) a party for you.总结：含有if虚拟条件句的主从句的的谓语动词形式：条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反If 主语 +_（be的过去式用_）_+动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语 +_+_与将来事实可能相反If 主语 +_（be的过去式用_）；_动词原形；_动词原形_+动词原形练习：1）If I_ (have ) enough money, I could buy a new house. 2） If it shou

8、ld rain tomorrow, I_ ( stay ) at home.3） If I were to stay at home, I _ ( have ) a good rest.4）If you came tomorrow, I _ fishing with you.5）If I had taken money with me yesterday, I_ (repair ) my watch.6）If I _ (get up ) early, I wouldnt have been late.4.有时虚拟条件句并没来用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语( _, _, or 或者连词_来

9、表示,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句.1).Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. =If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes. 2).But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. = If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 3). Jack cant have arrived yet, otherwise

10、he would have telephone me. = Jack cant have arrived yet, if he had arrived, he would have telephone me.练习：1) I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visit2)没有你的帮助,我们就不会取得那么大的进步。_3)要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。_三虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1.wish 引导的宾语从句要

11、用虚拟语气 （找出下列的从句和主句）对现在情况的虚拟 I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I knew the answer to the question. 表示对过去情况的虚拟 I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.The party was terrible. I wish I had never gone to it.表示对将来情况的虚拟I wish I would meet a handsome boy in the college and fall in love with him. 宾语

12、从句的虚拟语气谓语形式总结：与现在事实相反谓语动词时态：_ do-_ be_与过去事实相反谓语动词时态：_ do-_与将来事实相反_，could + _练习：1) 我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。_2)我昨天要是遇见他就好了。_3)我希望成为一名科学家。_2. would rather等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟语气。表示现在的愿望 Id rather he set about doing the work now. 我宁愿他现在就着手做这项工作。表示对过去的虚拟 Id rather he hadnt said that. 我真希望他没说过那话。虚拟语气谓语形式总结：表示现在或将来的愿望谓语动词时

13、态：_ do-_ 表示过去的愿望谓语动词时态：_ do-_练习：1) I would rather you (come) tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。 2) I would rather you _ (not tell) me about it yesterday.四if only句型：但愿.;要是.就好了(表示一种强烈的愿望或遗憾).If only I were a flying bird! If only I had known the answers/keys!虚拟语气谓语形式总结：与现在事实相反谓语动词时态：_ do-_ be_与过去事实相反谓语动词时态：_ do-_练习： 1)

14、 If only I _ (be) younger! 2)If only I _(take) your advice. 综合练习一.单项选择1. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing B. will be freezing C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly2.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed.

15、 A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie3. We could have gone there by bus. Yes, otherwise we _ late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. couldnt be D. couldnt have been4. If it _for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbed B. were not. could climbC. had not been, could have clim

16、bed D. had not been, could climb5. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said6. Id rather he_ here. A. come B. comes C. came D. will come7. If only I _ as young as you are! A. being B. am C. b

17、e D. were 8. I wish I _ as healthy as my cousin. A. were B. am C. was D. will be 二用动词的适当形式填空1 If I _ (not run)out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. 2 If I _ (be)you，I wouldnt return the call3. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _(have) time, I would go for an outing with you.4. We lost

18、 our way in that small village, otherwise we _(visit) more places of interest yesterday. 5.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _(live) there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. 6. But for the help of my English teacher, I _(not win) the first prize in the Engli