unit 4 A red light for scofflaws

1、Unit 1 Text A,English and American Concepts of Space Edward T. Hall,A New English Course 新编英语教程 7,.,2,Contents,Lead-in discussion,Background knowledge,Rhetoric,Text analysis,Homework,Vocabulary,Structure,Discussion,.,Lead-in discussion,Cultural differences Look at the following pictures and discuss

2、about the cultural differences in them.,.,4,在餐厅,.,5,意见,.,6,生活方式,.,7,旅游,.,8,人际关系,.,9,对待愤怒,.,10,周日的街景,.,11,排队,.,12,自我,.,13,胃疼时的饮品,.,14,聚会,.,15,准时,.,16,交通工具,.,17,美丽的标准,.,18,处理问题,.,19,三餐,.,20,老人的日常生活,.,21,领导,.,22,沐浴的时间,.,23,孩子,.,24,对待新事物,.,25,时尚,.,26,想象中的对方,.,27,心情与天气,.,28,Visible behaviour,Like an iceb

3、erg, 9/10 of culture is below the surface.,Tip of the iceberg,Food, dress, music, dance, crafts, celebrations, language,Attitudes Unspoken rules,Values Unconscious rules,Concept of space, concept of time, facial expressions, body language,Traditions, experiences,.,PPT Intercultural communication Vid

4、eo Intercultural communication,.,31,How do we look at different cultures?,.,32,World map published in China,.,33,World map published in Europe,.,34,World map published in North America,.,35,World map published in Australia,.,36,Melting pot Salad bowl Mosaic,.,37,Improve language Learn western cultur

5、es Become a better intercultural communicator 语言+文化+跨文化交际能力 对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性、处理差异的灵活性 文化间交流与合作的能力、协调能力、适应工作的能力、独立提出建议和讨论问题的能力、组织能力、知人处事的能力、灵活应变的能力 Intercultural communication,.,Background knowledge,Background knowledge,.,Vocabulary,Vocabulary,.,40,Structure,I. P1 different concepts: basic reasons Am. s

6、pace as a way of classifying people; address, a cue to ones status Br. the social system; position in the social system II. P2-3 different concepts of space P2 American concept of space his own space P3 English concept of space space shared with others III. P4-5 cultural clash and the reason P4 cult

7、ural clash (implications): an example P5 reason of the clash: different ways of seeking seclusion Am. depend on architectural features for screening Br. internalize a set of barriers,.,41,Text analysis,General understanding Qs Thesis statement? Purpose of writing? How is the thesis statement develop

8、ed?,contrasts,.,42,Words or phrases used to indicate contrasts,P1 in the United States, whereas in England The Englishman, however, P3 The middle-and upper-class Englishman, on the other hand, P5 The English, on the other hand, ,.,43,P1 development of P1,The English and the Americans are different:

9、language, culture,Thesis: different concepts of space between E. and A.,One of the basic reasons: space a way of class distinctions,Elaboration: examples,Extension: differences in how space is allotted,P2, 3,1, 2,3,4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10, 11,12,.,44,P1,In what sense does Hall use the word “separate” in

10、the first sentence? made culturally different What, according to the writer, has really separated the English and the Americans?,.,45,P1,Analyze the following sentence: The differences for which language gets blamed may not be due so much to words as to communications on other levels beginning with

11、English intonation (which sounds affected to many Americans) and continuing to ego-linked ways of handling time, space and materials. The differences for which language gets blamed may not be due so much to words as to communications on other levels beginning with English intonation (which sounds af

12、fected to many Americans) and continuing to ego-linked ways of handling time, space and materials.,.,46,Communication,verbal - nonverbal -,word language intonation,body language visual aids: graphs, photos concepts of time, space, materials,.,47,P1,Differences between the English and the Americans L

13、anguage: pronunciation words sentence patterns discourse Culture: the English- conservative the Americans- frontier / pioneering spirit, pluralism, melting pot,.,48,P1,Public school: (Am E) an elementary or secondary school in the United States supported by public funds and providing free education

14、for children of a community or district. (Br E) a private secondary boarding school with a preuniversity curriculum in Great Britain for pupils between the ages of 13 and 18. They began taking pupils whose parents could afford residential fees. A public school generally prepares students academicall

15、y for higher education. Therefore, students who go to public schools are supposed to be better educated than those who go to comprehensive schools. e.g. Eton College (1440, Henry VI) and Harrow School (1571) of U.K. Usu. only for noble people (aristocrat) and royal family.,.,49,P1,Middle-class Ameri

16、cans are a heterogeneous socioeconomic grouping composed principally of business and professional people such as managers, doctors, lawyers, teachers, government officials, some farmers and skilled workers. They are characterized by a comfortable material standard of living, and respect for property

17、. Since World War II, the middle class has been the largest social class in the United States. In the U.S.A., most people identify themselves as “middle-class”.,.,50,P1,British schools Compulsory education: 4 to 14 years old Kindergarten: 4 to 6 years old Junior school / primary school: 5 to 11 year

18、s old - 11 plus Secondary school: Grammar school: for children who pass the 11 plus Public school Comprehensive school: children of all ability and social background are taught together Technical school (secondary modern, before 1960s): for children who are thought not so intelligent and learn pract

19、ical subjects College: students have to get at least 2 or 3 O-levels and 2 A-level to get into University,.,51,P1,Britain: class-conscious country royal family aristocracy / nobility (hereditary titles: duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron) - knighthood upper middle class middle class working class,

20、.,.,53,P1,in: adj. fashionable, stylish, chic, posh be worlds / a world / poles apart from: be completely different from 截然相反，天壤之别 e.g. Their political views are worlds apart. This half of the country is worlds apart from the western rural provinces. tone: the general quality, effect, or atmosphere

21、情调, 格调 e.g. a room with an elegant tone 具有优雅情调的房间 That horrible building lowers the whole tone of the neighborhood. Her room has a conservative tone. the tone of a school,.,Brooklyn,Palm Beach,.,Miami,Cape Cod,.,56,P1,allot: give as a share e.g. allot one room to every new teacher allot twenty minut

22、es to students presentation,.,57,P2, 3,P2 American concept: a strong sense of ones own space P3 English concept: a strong sense of shared space,.,58,P2,topic sentence? How is P2 developed?,3 examples: shared room in a family closed doors,.,59,P2,shut oneself off: be alone and not disturbed, avoid se

23、eing or having contact with people,.,60,P3,condition to: accustom to e.g. condition yourself to university life condition yourself not to depend on your parents be conditioned to e.g. She felt difficult to be conditioned to the absence of her boyfriend. Some people are conditioned to be accepting ra

24、ther than questioning.,.,61,P3,be entitled to (do) sth. : have the right to e.g. All employees are entitled to an annual paid leave of 15 days. Every child in this country is entitled to free education. He believes that his daughter is entitled to marry anyone she chooses.,.,62,P3,Br. parliament the

25、 House of Lords (the Upper House) the House of Commons (the Lower House) Member of Parliament (MP) Am. congress the Senate senator the House of Representatives congressman,.,63,P3,In regard to the need for walls as a screen for the ego, this places the Americans somewhere between the Germans and the

26、 English. Who has the strongest sense of space?,.,64,P4,What would happen if an Englishman and an American live in the same room? Who is more likely to get frustrated first?,.,65,P4,remarkable implications typify experience strain in his relationship with Americans pick up the subtle clues,.,66,P5,r

27、eason of the clash: different ways of seeking seclusion Am. depend on architectural features for screening Br. internalize a set of barriers,.,67,P5,ultimate: worst, best, biggest e.g. “The Rolling Stone is the ultimate rock and roll band. The ultimate test to him is death. a sure sign: a sign that

28、sth. is certainly going to happen e.g. Those black clouds are a sure sign of rain. Learning to appreciate whatever little surprises life prepares for us is a sure sign of maturity.,.,68,P5,refuge: a place that provide shelter use space as a refuge from others: use space to stay away from others / to escape in effect: in fact be in effect: (law etc.) be used e.g. In effect, we are earning less than last year. The h