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湖南理工大学毕业生设计专用 前言冷冲模是实现冷冲压加工的基本工艺装备，冲压件的表面质量尺寸精度，生产效益均于模具结构及其合理关系很大，模具的设计水平直接反映了冷冲压技术水平的高低，因此，冷冲模的合理设计具有重要的意义。 我国在机械加工行业比其他发达国家落后很多，这不仅仅是技术上的落后，人才的紧缺也是我国机械加工行业的一个难以逾越的瓶颈。所以近年来，国家在机加工方面不断加大投入力度，在引进一批先进技术的同时，不断投入人力、物力，以培养最新一代数控型人才做好坚实基础。而作为我们一个机械专业的学生，怎样才能设计一副合格、优秀的冲模设计呢？首先，我们的基础知识一定要扎实。俗话说，百年基业，始于基石。没有了丰富和扎实的机加工知识，怎么可以设计出一副好的模具呢？其次便是要求我们要有严谨的做事原则和认真的学习态度，在不断的错误和进步中找到最适合自己的设计要求的方案。最后，我们对自己的设计要不断的进行检验，直到合格为止。目 录一、论文我国机械制造业管理信息化特点及发展趋势（1）二、工艺分析（13）三、确定工艺方案（13）四、工艺与设计计算（14）五、计算各主要零件的尺寸（16）六、受力部件的受力计算与设计冲裁力（16）卸料力（16）推件力（16）顶件力的计算（16）七、压力中心的确定与计算（17）八、排样图与搭边值及条料宽度计算（17）九、冲模主要零部件的设计与选用（18）十、模架及零件（19）十一、其它支承零件（19）十二、紧固件（20）十三、绘制模具装配图（20）十四、绘制模具工作零件图（20）十五、毕业设计心得（21）十六、参考文献（23）论文我国机械制造业管理信息化特点及发展趋势1 前言制造业特别是机械制造业是国民经济的支柱产业，现代制造业正在改变着人们的生产方式、生活方式、经营管理模式乃至社会的组织结构和文化。由于中国潜在的巨大市场和丰富的劳动力资源，世界的制造业正在向中国转移，中国正在成为世界的制造大国。我国在家电等若干产品的产量已居世界第一位。但是在自主知识产权的创新设计、先进制造工艺和装备及现代化管理等方面仍然存在很大差距，所以我们还不是制造强国。本文仅就机械制造企业目前管理中存在的问题、如何利用信息技术提高管理水平、管理信息化的特点和技术发展趋势作一些研究，供机械制造企业制定信息化方案时参考。1. forewords The manufacturing industry specially is the mechanical manufacturing industry is the national economy pillar industry, the modern manufacturing industry is changing peoples production method, the life style, the management management pattern and even societys organizational structure and the culture. As a result of the Chinese latent giant market and the rich labor force resources, the world manufacturing industry is shifting to China, China is becoming the world the manufacture great nation. Our country and so on certain products output has occupied the first in the world in the electrical appliances. But in independent aspect and so on intellectual property rights innovation design, advanced manufacture craft and equipment and modern management still had the very big disparity, therefore we make the powerful nation. Does this article only at present manage the question on the machine manufacture enterprise which exists, how using the information technology enhancement management level, the management information characteristic and the technological development tendency does some research, formulates when the information plan for the machine manufacture enterprise refers.2机械制造企业目前管理中存在问题中国机械制造业经过几十年的努力已经具有相当的规模，积累了大量的技术和经验。但是随着世界经济一体化的形成，由于中国潜在的巨大市场和丰富的劳动力资源，国外的技术、资金、产品大量涌入中国，中国企业面临前所未有的国内外激烈的竞争局面。竞争要求企业产品更新换代快、产品质量高、价格低、交货及时、服务好。这些市场竞争的武器与企业管理的模式、管理方法、管理手段、组织结构、业务流程密切相关。然而中国企业及人们的思想意识由于受到30-40年计划经济的影响，上述竞争武器与发达国家相比存在很大差距。（1）生产计划控制的模式落后尚未实施ERP的机械制造企业几乎100%采用台套计划的方式。即以产品最长生产周期作为构成产品各种物料的采购提前期和生产提前期。过分夸大的提前期是造成库存和在制品储备高，流动资金占用大的根本原因。生产计划与采购计划脱节，零件成套水平差，不能准时交货。或者用高储备来保交货期。距离现代管理方法物料需求计划MRP、准时生产JIT、供应商管库房VMI、同步生产相差甚远。（2）企业应变能力差今天的市场瞬息万变，需求多样化。按订单装配MTO，按订单制造MTO，按订单设计MTD，大规模定制MC。品种规格繁多，生产、采购异常复杂。从客户销售设计生产采购财务成本，需要一个完整的供应链管理，才能动态快速地响应客户需求，适应千变万化市场和客户定制化的要求。（3）成本计算不准确，成本控制差人工成本核算一般只能计算产品成本，无法计算零部件成本。成本费用分摊很粗，大量成本数据采集是人工归集的，数据准确性很差，使得成本计算不准确。一般不进行标准成本的计算，也很少进行成本分析，因此成本控制差。（4）信息分散、不及时、不准确、不共享制造业产、供、销、人、财、物是一个有机的整体，他们之间存在大量信息交换。然而人工管理信息分散、缺乏完善的基础数据，信息分散、不及时、不准确、不共享、大大影响管理决策的科学性。（5）科层式的组织机构而不是面向业务流程的扁平化的组织，一般业务流程不合理，业务流程的管理和控制不规范，随意性大。（6）缺乏标准化、规范化、制度化、程式化的管理，管理的优劣因人而异。尽管通过ISO9000制定了一系列的程序文件，执行的效果可因企业和管理者而异。（7）管理工具落后，大部分企业仍处于手工分散管理或微机单项管理的阶段。有的企业也建立了全厂的计算机网络，但应用仍是分散的，没有实现信息的共享和资源的优化配置。（8）现代化管理的新思想、新方法、新技术的应用差。例如：敏捷制造AM、虚拟制造VM、准时生产JIT、客户关系管理CRM、供应链管理SCM、商业智能BI、电子商务EC、企业资源计划ERP等。2. machine manufactures enterprise at present manages has the problem The Chinese mechanical manufacturing industry passed through for several dozens years diligently already to have the suitable scale, accumulated the massive technologies and the experience. But along with the world economics integration formation, as a result of the Chinese latent giant market and the rich labor force resources, the overseas technology, the fund, the product massively wells up into China, the Chinese enterprise faced with the unprecedented domestic and foreign keen competition aspect. The competition request enterprise product renewal quick, the product quality high, the price low, the delivery is prompt, serves. These market competitions weapons and business management pattern, management, management method, organizational structure, service flow close correlation. However Chinese enterprise and peoples ideology because receives 30-40 year planned economy the influence, the above competition weapon and the developed country compare the existence very big disparity. (1) productive plan control pattern backwardness not yet implements ERP the machine manufacture enterprise nearly 100% to use the wrap plan the way. Namely proposes the earlier period and the production by the product longest production cycle as the constitution product each kind of material purchase proposes the earlier period. Excessively exaggerating proposes the earlier period is creates the stock and the goods in process stockpiles high, the floating capital takes the big basic reason. The productive plan and purchases the plan to come apart, the components complete set level error, cannot punctually deliver. Or with high stockpiles guarantees the date of delivery. Plans MRP from the modern management material demand, punctually produces JIT, the supplier manages storehouse VMI, the synchronized production is far from. (2) the enterprise strain capacity difference today market is fast changing, demand diversification. Assembles MTO according to the order form, makes MTO according to the order form, designs MTD according to the order form, large-scale has custom-made MC. Variety specification many, the production, the purchase exceptionally is complex. From the customer - sale - design - production - purchase - finance - cost, needs a complete supply chain management, can dynamic fast respond the customer demand, adapts the ever changing market and the customer has custom-made request. (3) cost finding, the cost control difference artificial cost accounting generally only cannot calculate the product cost, is unable to calculate the spare part cost. The cost expense shares very thickly, the massive costs data acquisition is artificially gathers together, the data accuracy is very bad, causes cost finding plate out of true. Generally does not carry on the standard cost the computation, also very little carries on the cost analysis, therefore cost control difference. (4) the information disperses, is inferior to when, does not share the manufacture immovable property, for, sells, the person, the wealth, the thing is an organic whole, between them has the massive exchange of information. When artificially manages the information to disperse, to lack the consummation the foundation data, the information disperses, is inferior to, does not share, the tremendous influence management decision-making scientific nature. (5) the branch level -like organizations and agencies but are not face the service flow the flat organization, the general service flow is unreasonable, the service flow management and the control is not standard, is at will big. (6) lacks standardized, standardized, the institution, the formula management, the management fit and unfit quality is different from person to person. Although has formulated a series of procedures document through ISO9000, the execution effect may because of the enterprise and the superintendent but different. (7) manages the tool to be backward, the majority of enterprises still were in the manual disperser management or the microcomputer single item management stage. Some enterprises have also established the entire factory computer network, but applied was still dispersible, has not realized information sharing and the resources optimized disposition. (8) modern management new thought, new method, new technical application difference. For example: Agilely makes AM, hypothesized makes VM, punctually produces JIT, the customer relations manages CRM, supplies the chain to manage SCM, commercial intelligence BI, electronic commerce EC, the enterprise resources plans ERP and so on.3用信息技术提高机械制业管理水平上述目前管理中存在的问题严重地影响着企业管理水平、管理效率和企业的竞争能力。采用现代化的管理思想、方法和计算机网络通信技术，实现机械制造企业的管理创新、制度创新和技术创新是摆在每个企业面前刻不容缓任务。所以建立联接厂内外的计算机网络通信系统，选择先进、成熟、适合企业管理需求的企业资源计划ERP、客户关系管理CRM、供应链管理SCM、商业智能BI、电子商务EC等软件系统，通过管理咨询和业务流程重组，优化设计企业的组织机构、管理模式、业务流程，应用上述软件系统，实现企业管理的信息化。以克服目前企业管理中存在的问题，提高企业管理水平、管理效率和企业的竞争能力，是企业面对知识经济和全球经济一体化做出的必然选择。系统建设的目标是：（1）建成一个覆盖全公司的计算机网络化的管理信息系统。该系统使企业的生产经营实现物流、资金流、信息流和工作流的高度统一与并行运作，并通过Intranet、Internet实现企业内、外部充分的信息交流及企业与外界的联系，形成有效的敏捷供需链系统。（2）采用先进的生产计划控制方法。打破台套计划的方式，按各种物料的采购提前期和生产提前期编制物料需求计划。建立一个有效、灵活的由主生产计划、物料需求计划和车间作业计划的三级计划所组成的生产计划管理体系，最大限度的缩短产品生产周期、采购周期、准时交货，快速响应客户需求，最大限度的降低库存和成本，提高售后服务水平。有条件的企业推行准时生产JIT、供应商管库房VMI、同步生产等先进管理方法。（3）实现全公司基础数据（如物料数据、产品结构数据、产品设计工艺数据、生产能力数据等）统一生成、统一维护和统一管理，供经授权的各相关部门使用，真正做到数出一家、数据共享，避免冗余。通过ERP系统的建立和实施进一步理顺企业的管理程序，做到管理的制度化、规范化和科学化。（4）针对目前各管理部门中信息分割的情况，建立以客户为中心的动态信息反馈和监控体系，实现对每项任务从合同签订、设计、生产、采购、成本核算到成品发货全过程的动态跟踪，使每项任务处于有效的监控之下。（5）加强财务管理和健全成本核算功能。真正建立起二级成本核算体系，采用先进的成本核算方法，较为准确地核算出零部件成本和产品成本，为销售报价和财务核算提供可靠依据。进行成本分析，找出降低成本的因素，有效降低成本。（6）使用计算机加强质量数据的统计分析。充分利用质量检测数据，利用多种分析方法，进行深入的统计和分析。有力地监督和提高质量水平。（7）通过计算机实现企业的信息化管理，将广大管理人员从繁琐的手工劳动中解放出来，使他们有机会学习管理理论和提高管理技能，从本质上提高企业管理人员的管理水平。3. raises the mechanical system industry management level with the information technology The above at present manages the question which exists seriously to affect the business management level, the management efficiency and enterprises competitive ability. Uses modernized the management thought, the method and the computer network communication, realizes the machine manufacture enterprises management innovation, the system innovation and the technical innovation is suspends in front of each enterprise the urgent duty. Therefore inside and outside the establishment joint factory computer network communications system, the choice advanced, is mature, the suitable business management demand enterprise resources plansERP, the customer relations managesCRM, supplies the chain to manageSCM, commercial intelligenceBI, software systemand so onelectronic commerce EC, through management consultation and service flow reorganization, optimized design enterprises organizations and agencies, management pattern, service flow, application above software system, realization business management information. Overcomes the question which in at present business management exists, raises the business management level, the management efficiency and enterprises competitive ability, is the enterprise the inevitably choice which makes facing the knowledge economy and the whole world economic integration. The system construction goal is: (1) completes to cover the entire company the computer network management information system. This system causes the enterprise the production management realization class, the fund class, the information flow and the work flows is highly unified and the parallel operation, and throughIntranet,in the Internet realization enterprise, exterior full information exchange and the enterprise and the outside relation, forms the effective agile supply and demand chain system. (2) uses the advanced productive plan control method. Breaks the wrap plan the way, proposes the earlier period and the production according to each kind of material purchase raises the earlier period establishment material demand plan. Establishes effectively, is nimble the productive plan management system which by the host productive plan, the material demand plan and the workshop work plan three levels of plans is composed, maximum limit reduces the product production cycle, the purchase cycle, the punctual delivery, the fast response customer demand, maximum limit reduces the stock and the cost, raises the post-sale service level. Has the condition the enterprise to carry out punctually producesJIT, the supplier manages storehouseVMI, the synchronized production and so on the advanced management. (3) realizes the entire company foundation data (for example material data, product structure data, product design craft data, productivity data and so on) unifies the production, the unification maintains and unifies the management, for uses after authorized each related department, truly achieves several, data sharing, avoids the redundancy. Furtherstraightens outthe enterprise through the ERP system establishment and the implementation the executive program, achieves the management the institution, the standardization and the scientific style. (4) in view of at present each control section in the information division situation, establishes take the customer as the central dynamic information feedback and the monitoring system, realizes signs, the design, the production, the purchase, the cost accounting end product to each duty from the contract delivers goods the entire process dynamic track, causes each duty to be in under the effective monitoring. (5) strengthens the financial control and the perfect cost accounting function. Truly establishes two levels of cost accounting system, uses the advanced cost accounting method, a more accurate core figures out the spare part cost and the product cost, is the sales quoted price and the financial calculation provides the reliable basis. Carries on the cost analysis, discovers reduces the cost the factor, effectively reduces the cost. (6) uses the computer to strengthen the quality data the statistical analysis. The full use quality examination data, the use many kinds of analysis method, carries on the thorough statistics and the analysis. Powerfully supervises and raises the quality level. (7) through the computer realization enterprises information management, liberates the general administrative personnel from the tedious manual labor, enable them to have the opportunity to study the management theory and the enhancement management skill, from essentially raises the business management personnels management level. 4中国机械制造业管理的特点机械制造业与其它制造业的管理具有共性也有个性；机械制造业本身随着生产类型，生产批量，生产组织方式不同其管理方法存在差异；中国的制造业与发达国家相比，由于企业文化、法律、制度的不同也有其特殊性。下面就这些特点加以论述：（1）机械制造业是典型的离散制造业，其管理软件根据企业的生产类型，生产批量，生产组织方式不同，需要不同的解决方案。下图列出生产类型的划分：这些制造类型的特征：离散制造不同的物料经过非连续的移动，通过不同路径，生产出不同的物料和产品。如汽车、机床、飞机、计算机、家电等。流程工业物料经过混合、分离、成型或者化学反应，物料大多连续地通过相同路径，生产出有价值的产品。它又分为连续生产、批量生产和混合制造几种类型。在管理上要求配方管理、副产品、联产品、多种计量单位，同一物品多个质量等级、批号跟踪、保质期等特点，一般用专业流程工业软件。单件生产产品按订单设计、按客户需求生产，产品很复杂。产品生产周期一般都很长。有时一个合同按部件多次交货。如三大动力厂（大电机、汽轮机、锅炉）重型机械、造船等。生产组织按工艺划分，设备是通用的。生产管理中除应用多品种小批量生产的整套方法外，需增加网络计划（项目管理），关键资源排序。这里CRM就并不重要。多品种小批量生产产品是标准的或选配的。需求可以是预测，或按订单生产，按订单装配。生产组织按工艺特征分车间、工段、班组，如铸、锻、铆、焊、车、铣、刨、磨、装配等。生产计划的特征是典型的MRPII加配置控制。他们也需要CRM，SCM等。大批量生产产品是标准或少数选配。需求主要靠预测，也考虑订单。生产设备是以物料（零件、部件）为对象组成一条条流水生产线。生产计划的特征是将传统MRPII与JIT混合制造，中长期计划和批量生产的零件采用物料需求计划MRP，执行计划采用JIT、看板（电子看板）、反冲库存、条码物料跟踪等计划。CRM，电子商务就很重要。大规模定制将多品种小批量生产以满足不同客户个性需求和大批量生产提高生产率，降低成本的优势相结合。生产组织仍是流水线，但产品配置是多种多样。在生产计划控制方面它需要结合MRP、JIT、配置控制等综合应用。是前两种的混合制造模式。所以，企业生产类型不同，在选择ERP软件时要按这些不同的管理特征去寻找满足企业需求的软件。你是个年产10万辆汽车的生产厂，软件中没有JIT我看就不合适。你是个重型机械厂，他产品中没有项目管理，关主件质量跟踪，我看也不行。另外，不同的企业管理的重点也不尽相同，有的企业销售非常复杂，但生产简单。有的采购和生产制造非常复杂，但一年只有几个合同，销售管理并不重要。所以，一定要辩证施治、对症下药。（2）由于东西方文化的差异，使得我们必须重新审视西方ERP系统在中国的应用问题。西方以“法”为重心的管理模式，所以西方ERP系统是根据以法为重的企业文化、政府的政策法令、规章制度、税收政策、设计开发的；比较重时间进度，重计划，以保证交货期为目标，以时间计划为主线，以标准化为基础，强调在正确的时间将正确的物料按正确的量送到正确的地方。软件功能和逻辑符合所在国政府的政策法令、规章制度、税收政策。人们严格遵守合约，重计划、守纪律。应当说，ERP较好地解决了发达国家的制造企业的集成化管理问题。东方以“情”为特质的管理哲理，这种管理由于偏重于人的作用和价值实现，却忽略制度效应和条例管理，从而表现出在强调人事关系方面理性精神表现得充分，而在强调任务和规则方面，理性精神表现得不充分。因此，法规制度的不严，人事关系过多，理性精神不足，正是中国式管理的缺陷和不足之处。其在管理上的表现，就是较多考虑“后果”。所谓的“主人翁”精神，否认是管理者还是被管理者，都注重自己行为的价值标准，他们重承诺，轻合约；重调度，轻计划；重情感，轻制度；随意性强，守时性差。所以西方ERP在中国的应用必须注重对人的价值观的管理。所以建立责权利相结合的，全面进行企业绩效管理是非常必要的。（3）ERP这个现代制造业的管理工具，它有其社会属性和自然属性两个方面。就其自然属性而言，中外企业没有多大差别。它们都追求最大限度的缩短生产制造周期，降低成本，降低库存，准时交货，快速响应客户需求。因此ERP的普遍原理是中外适用的。但就其社会属性而言，企业管理受国家政策法令、规章制度、税收政策、市场环境的影响。因此ERP一定要考虑国情化。例如，ERP中的财务软件，它必须符合中国财政部颁布的会计准则和会计电算化的要求。在现阶段还要处理“三角债”；以物易物的“磨帐”处理；在成本核算中保留计划价逐步接转，差异分摊的方法；既有财务应收帐，还要记录销售应收帐；双重工时定额等。（4）中国机械制造业的管理是最复杂的。机械制造业由于物料品种规格多，生产不连续，生产制造过程复杂，所以机械制造业的管理比其他制造业复杂。另外，中国机械制造业与国外发达国家相比仍然是大而全，小而全的生产组织模式，专业化分工没有像国外那样细，中国企业内部的管理相对国外要复杂，所以中国机械制造业的管理是最复杂的。4. Chinese mechanical manufacturing industry management characteristic The mechanical manufacturing industry has the general character with other manufacturing industries management also to have the individuality; Mechanical manufacturing industry itself along with production type, production batch, production organization way different its management existence difference; Chinas manufacturing industry and the developed country compare, because the enterprise culture, the law, the system different also have its particularity. Under performs on these characteristics to elaborate: (1) the mechanical manufacturing industry is the typical separate manufacturing industry, its management software basis enterprises production type, the production batch, the production organization way is different, needs the different solution. The next chart lists the production type division: These manufacture types characteristics: The separate manufacture - different material passes through the non- continual migration, through the different way, produces the different material and the product. If automobile, engine bed, airplane, computer, electrical appliances and so on. The flow industry - material after the mix, the separation, takes shape or the chemical reaction, the material mostly continuously through the same way, produces the valuable product. It divides into the continuous production, the volume production and the mix makes several kind of types. Requests the formula management, the wastage, the payment proportional to production in the management, the many kinds of measuring unit, the identical goods many quality rank, the batch number track, guarantees characteristic and so on nature time, generally uses specialized flow industry software. The piecework - product according to the order form design, according to the customer demand production, the product is very complex. The product production cycle all very is generally long. Sometimes a contract many times delivers according to the part. If three big power plants (big electrical machinery, steam turbine, boiler) heavy duty machinery, shipbuilding and so on. The production organization according to the craft division, the equipment is general. In the production management besides applies the multi- varieties small volume production the entire wrap method, must increase the network plan (project management), essential resources arrangement. HereCRMcertainly is unimportant. The multi- varieties small volume production - product is standard or selects and matches. The demand may be the forecast, or according to order form production, according to order form assembly. The production organization according to a craft characteristic minute workshop, the construction section, the teams and groups, like casts, hammers, the riveting, welds, the vehicle, the mill, digs, rubs, the assembly and so on. The productive plan characteristic is typicalMRPIIadds the disposition control. They also needCRM,SCMand so on. The mass production - product is the standard or minority selects and matches. The demand mainly depends on the forecast, also considers the order form. The production equipment is take the material (components, part) as the object composes a strip running water production line. The productive plan characteristic is traditionalMRPIIandthe JITmix manufacture, center the long-term plan and the volume production components use the material demand to planMRP, the execution plan useJIT, looked the board (electron looks at board), plan and so on recoil stock, bar code material track.CRM, the electronic commerce very is important. Large-scale has custom-made - satisfies the multi- varieties small volume production the different customer individuality demand and the mass production enhances the productivity, reduces the cost the superiority to unify. The production organization was still an assembly line, but the product disposition is many and varied. It needs to unify synthesis application and so on the MRP,JIT,dispositioncontrol in the productive plan control aspect. Is the first two kind of mixes manufacture pattern. Therefore, the enterprise produces the type to be different, when choosesERPsoftware must seek according to these different management characteristics meets the enterprise need software. You are yearly produce10ten thousand automobiles the production factories, in software do not haveJITI to look is inappropriate. You are a heavy machine shop, in his product does not have the project management, Guan Zhujian the quality follow-up, I looked is not good. Moreover, the different business management with emphasis also 不尽相同, some enterprises sell extremely complex, but produces simply. Some purchases and the production manufacture are extremely complex, but a year only has several contracts, the sales management is certainly unimportant. Therefore, certainly wants dialectical Shi Zhi, to act appropriately to the situation. (2) as a result of the East and West culture difference, causes us to have reto carefully examine the western ERPsystemin Chinas application question. West take law as center of gravity management pattern, therefore the westernERPsystem is acts according to take the law as the heavy enterprise culture, governments policy law, the rules and regulations, the tax policy, the design development; Compared with the heavy time progress, the heavy plan, guaranteed the date of delivery is a goal, to the intervalometer dividees into the master line, to the standard changes into the foundation, emphasized the correct material will deliver the correct place in the correct time according to the correct quantity. The software function and the logic tally in the country governments policy law, the rules and regulations, the tax policy. The people strictly observe the contract, the heavy plan, defends the discipline. Must say that,ERPhas solved the developed country manufacture enterprises integrated management problem well. East take sentiment as special characteristic management philosophy, this kind of management because stresses to persons function and the value realization, actually neglects the system effect and the rule management, thus displays relates the aspect rational spirit at the emphasis human affairs to display fully, but in the emphasis duty and the regular aspect, the rational spirit displays is not full. Therefore, the laws and regulations system is lax, the human affairs relate excessively much, the rational spirit are insufficient, is precisely the Chinese type management flaw and the deficiency. It in the management performance, is comparatively considers the consequence. So-called the host the spirit, the denial is the superintendent or by the superintendent, all pays great attention to the oneself behavior the standard of value, they pledged again, light contract; Heavy dispatch, light plan; Heavy emotion, light system; Is at will strong, being punctual difference. Therefore westernERPmust pay great attention to in Chinas application to persons values management. Therefore the establishment responsibility right unifies, comprehensively carries on the enterprise achievements management is extremely essential. (3)the ERPthis modern manufacturing industry management tool, it has its social attribute and the natural attribute two aspects. Speaking of its natural attribute, Chinese and foreign enterprise not wide difference. They all pursue maximum limit reduce the production manufacture cycle, reduces the cost, reduces the stock, punctual delivery, fast response customer demand. Thereforethe ERPuniversal principle is the Chinese and foreign suitable. But speaking of its social attribute, business management national policy law, rules and regulations, tax policy, market environment influence. ThereforeERPcertainly must consider the national condition. For example,inERP financial software, it must conform to accountant which the Chinese Ministry of Finance promulgates the criterion and accountant the computerization request. Also must process the triangle debt in the present stage; Rubs the account by thing Yi Wu processing; Retains the plan price in the cost accounting gradually to switch through, the difference shares method; Also has the finance to be supposed to collect debts, but also must record the sale to be supposed to collect debts; Dual man-hour of fixed quantity and so on. (4) the Chinese mechanical manufacturing industry management is most complex. Mechanical manufacturing industry because material variety specification many, produces not continuously, production manufacture process complex, therefore the mechanical manufacturing industry management is more complex than other manufacturing industries. Moreover, the Chinese mechanical manufacturing industry and the overseas developed country compared still was large and complete, small and the entire production organization pattern, the specialized division of labor has not liked overseas such to be thin, the Chinese enterprise interior management relatively overseas had to be complex, therefore the Chinese mechanical manufacturing industry management was most complex.一、 工艺分析如图所示此冲件为黄铜H62，料厚0.8mm，冲件尺寸精度为IT11级，形状并不复杂，尺寸大小为小型冲件，产量为大批量，属于普通冲压。 此冲件在冲裁时应注意以下事项：1、 20.1的孔较小，孔离两边的距离很近，这给模具设计和冲裁工艺设计带来了不便。2、 冲件较小，故必须考虑工人操作安全。以上两点是此冲件冲压时较为困难之处，要想得到合理的冲件，并适应大批量的生产数量的需要，提高模具寿命是必须处理好的课题。二、确定工艺方案从冲件的结构和形状可知，其基本工序有冲孔、落料两种，但根据先后工序的不同排列，可以设计出以下三种方案：、冲孔，落料，单工序冲裁、落料，冲孔，单工序冲裁、冲孔和落料同时进行，复合冲裁零件属大批量生产，工艺性较好，方案、属于单工序冲裁，由于此冲件属于大批量生产，冲件较小，为了提高劳动生产率，并保证工人操作上的安全，方案较好。方案属于复合工序冲裁，此冲件尺寸厚度1.5mm，而最窄处壁厚为6mm，不符合复合模设计，且复合模设计成本高，故方案不合适。三、工艺与设计计算、冲孔工件尺寸：20.1mm和1 mm由表3-4查得Z=0.04mm，Z=0.056mm由表3-6查得尺寸为20.1mm时和尺寸为1 mm时=0.02mm，=0.02mm， 查表
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