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JX753杯形件拉深模具的设计带图纸,JX753,杯形件拉深,模具,设计,图纸
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Characteristics and Sheet Metal Forming b FEhQ 1The article overview 1pWz3e)o Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming the material under the action of a die. Stamping is usually carried out under cold state, so it is also called stamping. Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8100mm. The blank material for stamping is usually in the form of sheet or strip, and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming. Some non-metal sheets (such as plywood, mica sheet, asbestos, leather)can also be formed by stamping. )O 4lE7/ Stamping is widely used in various fields of the metalworking industry, and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles, instruments, military parts and household electrical appliances, etc. 2E?( The process, equipment and die are the three foundational problems that needed to be studied in stamping. o rj&LW The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows: #A%B, j (1) High material utilization Zm0Je1u.% (2) Capacity to produce thin-walled parts of complex shape. hn R-Umy (3) Good interchangeability between stamping parts due to precision in shape 8:Ho*jo and dimension. v$M_cO =c (4) Parts with lightweight, high-strength and fine rigidity can be obtained. /b*( y (5) High productivity, easy to operate and to realize mechanization and automatization. R;2r&r The manufacture of the stamping die is costly, and therefore it only fits to mass production. For the manufacture of products in small batch and rich variety, the simple stamping die and the new equipment such as a stamping machining center, are usually adopted to meet the market demands. O2QzXt;W The materials for sheet metal stamping include mild steel, copper, aluminum, magnesium alloy and high-plasticity alloy-steel, etc. T3NM Stamping equipment includes plate shear punching press. The former shears plate into strips with a definite width, which would be pressed later. The later can be used both in shearing and forming. pb8LFUuH 2Characteristics of stamping forming mIkZ%D There are various processes of stamping forming with different working patterns and names. But these processes are similar to each other in plastic deformation. There are following conspicuous characteristics in stamping: dl4jgw)% （1）The force per unit area perpendicular to the blank surface is not large but is enough to cause the material plastic deformation. It is much less than the inner stresses on the plate plane directions. In most cases stamping forming can be treated approximately as that of the plane stress state to simplify vastly the theoretical analysis and the calculation of the process parameters. %Qo- （2）Due to the small relative thickness, the anti-instability capability of the blank is weak under compressive stress. As a result, the stamping process is difficult to proceed successfully without using the anti-instability device (such as blank holder). Therefore the varieties of the stamping processes dominated by tensile stress are more than dominated by compressive stress. Km!HlKdy| （3）During stamping forming, the inner stress of the blank is equal to or sometimes less than the yield stress of the material. In this point, the stamping is different from the bulk forming. During stamping forming, the influence of the hydrostatic pressure of the stress state in the deformation zone to the forming limit and the deformation resistance is not so important as to the bulk forming. In some circumstances, such influence may be neglected. Even in the case when this influence should be considered, the treating method is also different from that of bulk forming. HvLHL? （4）In stamping forming, the restrain action of the die to the blank is not severs as in the case of the bulk forming (such as die forging). In bulk forming, the constraint forming is proceeded by the die with exactly the same shape of the part. Whereas in stamping, in most cases, the blank has a certain degree of freedom, only one surface of the blank contacts with the die. In some extra cases, such as the forming of the blank on the deforming zone contact with the die. The deformation in these regions are caused and controlled by the die applying an external force to its adjacent area. E_J)wzM Due to the characteristics of stamping deformation and mechanics mentioned above, the stamping technique is different form the bulk metal forming: Is AUw （1）The importance or the strength and rigidity of the die in stamping forming is less than that in bulk forming because the blank can be formed without applying large pressure per unit area on its surface. Instead, the techniques of the simple die and the pneumatic and hydraulic forming are developed. .k!Z$,X （2）Due to the plane stress or simple strain state in comparison with bulk forming, more research on deformation or force and power parameters has been done. Stamping forming can be performed by more reasonable scientific methods. Based on the real time measurement and analysis on the sheet metal properties and stamping parameters, by means of computer and some modern testing apparatus, research on the intellectualized control of stamping process is also in proceeding. ZfpI#? （3）It is shown that there is a close relationship between stamping forming and raw material. The research on the properties of the stamping forming, that is, forming ability and shape stability, has become a key point in stamping technology development, but also enhances the manufacturing technique of iron and steel industry, and provides a reliable foundation for increasing sheet metal quality. QeXUoRVF2 3Categories of stamping forming (U,Z. Many deformation processes can be done by stamping, the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds: cutting and forming. N0y9=& Cutting is a shearing process that one part of the blank is cut from the other. It mainly includes blanking, punching, trimming, parting and shaving, where punching and blanking are the most widely used. Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement from the other. It mainly includes deep drawing, bending, local forming, bulging, flanging, necking, sizing and spinning. VmO=.1Wa In substance, stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the deformation zone of the stamping blank caused by the external force. The stress state and deformation characteristic of the deformation zone are the basic factors to decide the properties of the stamping forming. Based on the stress state and deformation characteristics of the deformation zone, the forming methods can be divided into several categories with the same forming properties and be studied systematically. GHM7rWF The deformation zone in almost all types of stamping forming is in the plane stress state. Usually there is no force or only small force applied on the blank surface. When is assumed that the stress perpendicular to the blank surface equals to zero, two principal stresses perpendicular to each other and act on the blank surface produce the plastic deformation of the material. Due to the small thickness of the blank, it is assumed approximately the two principal stresses distribute uniformly along the thickness direction. Based on this analysis, the stress state and the deformation characteristics of the deformation zone in all kinds of stamping forming can be denoted by the points in the coordinates of the plane principal stresses and the coordinates of the corresponding plane principal strains. ONCSGa$H 4Raw materials for stamping forming /3OnLM There are a lot of raw materials used in stamping forming, and the properties of these materials may have large difference. The stamping forming can be succeeded only by determining the stamping method, the forming parameters and the die structures according to the properties and characteristics of the raw materials. The deformation of the blank during stamping forming has been investigated quite thoroughly. The relationships between the material properties decided by the chemistry component and structure of the material and the stamping forming has been established clearly. Not only the proper material can be selected based on the working condition and usage demand, but also the new material can be developed according to the demands of the blank properties during processing the stamping part. This is an important domain in stamping forming research. The research on the material properties for stamping forming is as follows: Evv lPJN （1）Definition of the stamping property of the material. gI!g_-0 （2）Method to judge the stamping property of the material, find parameters to express the definitely material property of the stamping forming, establish the relationship between the property parameters and the practical stamping forming, and investigate the testing methods of the property parameters. S Wrinkling that occurs in the stamping of tapered square cups and stepped rectangular cups is investigated. A common characteristic of these two types of wrinkling is that the wrinkles are found at the draw wall that is relatively unsupported. In the stamping of a tapered square cup, the effect of process parameters, such as the die gap and blank-holder force, on the occurrence of wrinkling is examined using finiteelement simulations. The simulation results show that the larger the die gap, the more severe is the wrinkling, and such wrinkling cannot be suppressed by increasing the blank-holder force. In the analysis of wrinkling that occurred in the stamping of a stepped rectangular cup, an actual production part that has a similar type of geometry was examined. The wrinkles found at the draw wall are attributed to the unbalanced stretching of the sheet metal between the punch head and the step edge. An optimum die design for the purpose of eliminating the wrinkles is determined using finite-element analysis. The good agreement between the simulation results and those observed in the wrinkle-free production part validates the accuracy of the finite-element analysis, and demonstrates the advantage of using finite-element analysis for stamping die design. OpFydmlr Wrinkling is one of the major defects that occur in the sheet metal forming process. For both functional and visual reasons, wrinkles are usually not acceptable in a finished part. There are three types of wrinkle which frequently occur in the sheet metal forming process: flange wrinkling, wall wrinkling, and elastic buckling of the undeformed area owing to residual elastic compressive stresses. In the forming operation of stamping a complex shape, draw-wall wrinkling means the occurrence of wrinkles in the die cavity. Since the sheet metal in the wall area is relatively unsupported by the tool, the elimination of wall wrinkles is more difficult than the suppression of flange wrinkles. It is well known that additional stretching of the material in the unsupported wall area may prevent wrinkling, and this can be achieved in practice by increasing the blank-holder force; but the application of excessive tensile stresses leads to failure by tearing. Hence, the blank-holder force must lie within a narrow range, above that necessary to suppress wrinkles on the one hand, and below that which produces fracture on the other. This narrow range of blank-holder force is difficult to determine. For wrinkles occurring in the central area of a stamped part with a complex shape, a workable range of blank-holder force does not even exist.uXqw&+P(8d 冲压成形与板材冲压 xmk56O71概述 TcmEMl 通过模具使板材产生塑性变形而获得成品零件的一次成形工艺方法叫做冲压。由于冲压通常在冷态下进行，因此也称为冷冲压。只有当板材厚度超过8100mm时，才采用热冲压。冲压加工的原材料一般为板材或带材，故也称板材冲压。某些非金属板材（如胶木板、云母片、石棉、皮革等）亦可采用冲压成形工艺进行加工。 J4 冲压广泛应用于金属制品各行业中，尤其在汽车、仪表、军工、家用电器等工业中占有极其重要的地位。 WN;aTN_*l 冲压成形需研究工艺设备和模具三类基本问题。 d|3,9yRC 板材冲压具有下列特点： 6Nu.+ （1）高的材料利用率。 OZ6D+k （2）可加工薄壁、形状复杂的零件。 |h pzQR （3）冲压件在形状和尺寸方面的互换性好。 $7VG （4）能获得质量轻而强度高、刚性好的零件。 1U|46 （5）生产率高，操作简单，容易实现机械化和自动化。 zSED_FA 冲压模具制作成本高，因此适合大批量生产。对于小批量、多品种生产，常采用简易冲模，同时引进冲压加工中心等新型设备，以满足市场求新求变的需求。 j94u;vR 板材冲压常用的金属材料有低碳钢、铜、铝、镁合金及高塑性的合金刚等。如前所述，材料形状有板材和带材。 sz_Ir?UD 冲压生产设备有剪床和冲床。剪床是用来将板材剪切成具有一定宽度的条料，以供后续冲压工序使用，冲床可用于剪切及成形。 c.?gF8L 2冲压成形的特点 GWV!xiVwz 生产时间中所采用的冲压成形工艺方法有很多，具有多种形式饿名称，但塑性变形本质是相同的。冲压成形具有如下几个非常突出的特点。 9.qsC4zW （1）垂直于板面方向的单位面积上的压力，其数值不大便足以在板面方向上使 板材产生塑性变形。由于垂直于板面方向上的单位面积上压力的素质远小于板面方向上的内应力，所以大多数的冲压变形都可以近似地当作平面应力状态来处理，使其变形力学的分析和工艺参数的计算大呢感工作都得到很大的简化。 ?Hv 分离工序是使胚料的一部分与另一部分相互分离的工艺方法，主要有落料、冲孔、切边、剖切、修整等。其中又以冲孔、落料应用最广。变形工序是使胚料的一部分相对于另一部分产生位移而不破裂的工艺方法，主要有拉深、弯曲、局部成形、胀形、翻边、缩径、校形、旋压等。 0Dzj yoLX 从本质上看，冲压成形就是毛胚的变形区在外力的作用下产生相应的塑性变形，所以变形区内的应力状态和变形特点景象的冲压成形分类，可以把成形性质相同的成形方法概括成同一个类型并进行体系化的研究。 WC2(s-w= 绝大多数冲压成形时毛胚变形区均处于平面应力状态。通常认为在板材表面上不受外力的作用，即使有外力作用，其数值也是较小的，所以可以认为垂直于板面方向上的应力为零，使板材毛胚产生塑性变形的是作用于板面方向上相互的两个主应力。由于板厚较小，通常都近似地认为这两个主应力在厚度方向上是均匀分布的。基于这样的分析，可以把各种形式冲压成型中的毛陪变形区的受力状态与变形特点，在平面应力的应力坐标系中与相应的两向应变坐标系中以应力与应变坐标决定的位置来表示。 A0)qWKd9 5板材冲压性能及其鉴定方法 n(|A1( 板材是指对
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