综合教程第四册Alienation-and-the-Internet1.ppt

1、Alienation and the Internet,Will Baker,Teaching Procedures,Pre-reading discussion Structural analysis of the text Text comprehension language work,e-commerce,Pay new year call /visit,rapid access to imformation,addiction,Internet addiction:on line related compulsive behavior-biggest cause of juvenil

2、e crime.,Chinas Internet Users Top 137 Million,Pre-reading Questions,1. For how many hours a day do you think a person has to stay on line before he is reckoned to be a net worm? Is it good to be one? Why or why not? 2. What do you usually do on line? What attracts you most? How did the internet Cha

3、nge your life? Has it changed your life for the better or worse?,Structural Analysis of the Text,Part I : the opening part Part II : the argument part Part III : the conclusion part Try to find out the topical sentence in in the first part and the concluding statement in the last part.,Text Comprehe

4、nsion Part I The introduction where the author states his thesis: the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.,Question 1 What is the authors long cherished position about the strong points of the Internet? Question 2 What is the neg

5、ative side of the Internet? Question3 How did the author start his argumentation?,Difficult Sentences and Structures,1. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.(para.1) given: if one takes into account paraph

6、rase Because there are few restrictions on getting on and using the Internet, communicating with the Internet is like traveling through international waters in mode.,But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by

7、alienating its individual users. (para.2) inverted structure for emphasis p But it has been much less discussed that the Internet has caused the breaking of society because it separates people from each other.,Language work in part 1 1. Given the relatively few restrictions(para1) given: (prep.) if

8、one takes into account e.g. Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. +that Given that theyre inexperienced, theyve done a good job. 如果他年轻时能接触到更多的书，他一定能成为一个大作家。 Givenenoughaccesstobooksinhisyouth,hewouldsurelyhavebecomeagreatwriter 考虑到发动机的状况，它能启动就已经是奇迹了。,2.Access n. A means of approaching, e

9、ntering, exiting, or making use of; passage. The act of approaching. The right to approach, enter, exit, or make use of E.g. The only access to the village is by boat.The main access to (= entrance to) the building is at the side. The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track. The ta

10、x inspector had/gained complete access to the company files.,The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.Vt. Reach,approach Eg. The data can be accessed easily. accessible adjective able to be reached or easily obtained:The resort is easily accessi

11、ble by road, rail and air.The problem with some of these drugs is that they are so very accessible,Access, entrance, admission Access: means of entering , means or right of reaching or obtaining. Entrance: the ace to entering or joining, e.g. The entrance of university Admission Allowing or being al

12、lowed to enter or join: E.g. Admission to the university,Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet _. A. entrance B. admission C. access D. entry The entrance door gives access to a living room.,3. Equivalent (para1) : (adj.) equal in value, measure, force, effect

13、 or significance be equivalent to The misery of such a position is equivalent to its happiness. (n.) something equal in value, measure, force, effect or significance e.g. a word with no equivalent in English What is the equivalent of fifty pounds in dollars? 一只价格相当于一年工资收入的新冰箱。,4. fragmentationfragme

14、nt （para.2) fragment: to (cause to) break into parts or small pieces e.g. After the election, the coalition fragmented. The government is planning to fragment the industry before privatizing it. The vase was fragmented in shipment. The satellite will fragment and burn up as it falls through the Eart

15、hs atmosphere. The interruption fragmented his argument.,5. Alienate (para.2): cause (someone) to feel very distant from or not welcome to someone else 她的愚蠢行为使她的朋友同她疏远了。 She was alienated from her friend by her foolish behavior. Her foolish behavior alienated her from her friend. 这份报纸的变化疏远了它传统的读者。 A

16、ll these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers. 我们最好还是不要与同事们疏远。 他离间那两个朋友的企图失败了,因为他们彼此完全信任。,Part II,The main body of the essay where the author engages in the argumentation for his thesis.,Questions to be considered,1)What is the authors purpose of citing the example of his

17、friend in Paragraph 3? How is the example related to his argument? 2)When and how did the fragmentation of society probably begin? 3)What is the “cruel irony” concerning the use of the Internet mentioned in Paragraph 4?,4)In paragraph 5,why does the author narrate his own story? 5)What is the main i

18、dea of paragraph 6? 6)Why does the author discuss the question whether the Internet is a real place ?,Language work in Part 2 5. Addicted (para.3): being dependent on something and wanting to spend as much time doing it as possible be addicted to addict oneself to e.g. Shes become addicted to love s

19、tories. 有些年轻人不可救药地迷上了电子游戏。 Some youngsters are hopelessly addicted to video games. 麻醉品会使人上瘾。 Drugs are addicting.,6. felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use (para.3) in that: because in that （引导的状语从句通常置于主句之后，而不放在句首） e.g. Swimming is healthful, in that almost every muscle in the body is being ex

20、ercised. because 引导的状语从句则可置于主句之前或置于主句之后 Because he is so shy, he seldom goes out with girls.=He seldom goes out with girls because he is so shy.,I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration( para 34) Grammar : negation transfer; shift of negation 1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fanc

21、y, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。,注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesnt appear that

22、well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。,3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having) Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。),有时状语或

23、状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语m

24、any weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。,7. skew (para.4): cause to be not straight or exact; twist The companys results for this year are skewed because not all our customers have paid their bills. 今天的选举将使结果向有利于民主党的方向倾斜。 Todays election will skew the results in favor of the Democrats.,8. it proba

25、bly began in earnest after(para.4) in (real) earnest: seriously; in a determined way e.g. He settled down to study in earnest for the examination.坚定决心认真坐下来复习准备考试 e.g. 我相信当他说要娶她的时候是严肃诚恳的。 Im sure he was in earnest when he said he wanted to marry her. e.g. A word in earnest is as good as a speech.话不必多

26、说，有诚意就行。 adj.诚挚的；认真的 It is my earnest wish that you use this money to continue you study of music. Robert is a very earnest young man; you can trust him.,9. At the expense of (para.4): at the sacrifice of The orchestra has more discipline now, but at the expense of spirit. 他完成了那工作，但损害了健康。 He finishe

27、d the job at the expense of his health. 他最后取得了胜利，缺失去了一生最宝贵的爱情和友谊。,10 which might foster a sense of community in their villages( para.4) To bring up; nurture: E.g. bear and foster( nurture) offspring. To promote the growth and development of; cultivate: E.g. detect and foster( advance) artistic talen

28、t. To nurse; cherish: E.g. foster a secret hope. Foster adj. Providing parental care and nurture to children not related through legal or blood ties: E.g. foster parents; foster grandparents; a foster home.,a simulated war game: a imitated war game 一个模拟的战争游戏 Simulate: v. Imitate 模拟， 假装 simulate deat

29、h 装死 adj.(=simulated)假装的, 模仿的; 拟态的 simulate rain 人工降雨,11. It struck us that in generations past(para.4) It struck us that: it occurred to me that/we suddenly realized that It struck me that you might like some coffee, so Ive brought some up. 第二早上我突然想起这套公寓没有淋浴设备。 The next morning it struck me that th

30、ere was no shower in the flat. A terrible thought struck mehad I locked the door? 我立刻想到了这个解决方法。,“ I can understand now, as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload.”,be confronted with：meet face to face; set face to face overload: n. v. to put more information than on

31、e can cope with ; to lad too heavily 使超载，使过载，过重的负担 she is overloaded with ghost story and she is afraid of staying at home alone at night.,Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things. adj.认知的, 认识的, 有感知的 Chinese version: 但是，就我个人的经历，我能够理解有些人在网

32、上冲浪时面临着知识过载。,11. the converse is true (para.6): the opposite (n.) It is possible, of course, that the converse of this theory may also be true. 在美国，汽车要沿路的右边行驶，而在英国正好相反。 In the US, cars are driven on the right side of the road, but in Britain the converse applies. a converse wind / in a converse dire

33、ction (a.),V. To engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts, ideas, or feelings; talk. Hes willing to converse with anyone about the quotations on the stock market. I conversed with her on a certain problem. 我与她讨论某一问题。,Part III,The concluding part where the author reiterates his point that only when we

34、 make a moderate use of the Internet can we fully realize its potential without having our sense of reality skewed. Question 1 According to the author, what underlies the trend of overusing the Internet in our society? Question2 Does the author believe it is within human capacity to reap the benefit

35、 of the Internet without being penalized?,This would allow us to maximize its potential without losing our sense of place. Achieving balance in our lives would allow us to make the fullest use of the Internet.,It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else, a

36、nd what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace, where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster. I think that in our society the top priority is given to the satisfaction of ones immediate needs. The internet is the best tool for this purpose, for on the Internet one can do what ever he likes to. .,gratification,n. It is a gratification to know that .得知.实在是让人欣喜的事 Your approval gives me much gratification.承蒙认可, 我非常高兴。 T