高考英语语法填空专题课件.ppt

1、高考专题 语法填空,2017 年9月,考情精分析,近3年全国卷七套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。 1有提示词 有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词和副词的比较等级；名词的数与格；代词的格；特殊句式以及词性转换。,2无提示词 无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。,有提示词（主要提供实词）,1括号内提供的是动词,难点重点:分析句子结构,1 Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in th

2、e New Territories, _ (destroy) fourteen homes. 2 “I _ (eat) with my wife and children,” he said, “when we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best _ (climb) out but then I saw that one of my children was _(miss). 3 _ (Build) in 1885, it was the olde

3、st car taking part.,destroying,was eating,to climb,missing,Built,2括号内提供的是形容词或副词,1 One person was killed, several were _(serious) hurt and taken to hospital, 2 that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _ (clean) than ever. 3 The _ (hard) you work,the _ (luck) you will be .,seriously,c

4、leaner,harder,luckier,3括号内提供的是名词,1 .for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, 2 Just be _ (patience) 3 The _ (excite) in his voice made my day! 4 ,Messi was one of the best _(play) through his teen years. 5 Much to their _ (disappoint).,changes,patient,excitemen

5、t,players,disappointment,无提示词(必须填虚词）,纯空格语法填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。,根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性。在使用介词的时候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。,1填介词,名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night, on Sunday 等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in, be good at 等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for 等。 1

6、Messi started playing soccer _ the age of 5 for a small soccer team . 2 he had a sickness which would prevent him_growing much taller. 3 I got a place next _ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.,at,from,to,2填连词,若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，或者两个单词以及短语中间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。 连词有两类，一

7、种是并列连词，一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型：,(1)并列句：并列句一般由“简单句并列连词简单句”构成，有时并列连词前有逗号，可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so),1 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed . 2 here was a way to help him grow more, _his parents di

8、d not have enough money to pay for his medical needs.,and,but,(2)状语从句：当确定为状语从句后，就要通过语境理解，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。,1 _ Ive a bit of headache, its nothing much. 2 Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 3 When I get ho

9、me from work, I turn on my computer, wait _it boots up completely.,Although/Though,as/when,until,(3)名词性从句,当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑if/whether, where, why, how, because等。 1 I was in the train sitting opposite a

10、middleaged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but _ they did touch me deeply.,what,(4)定语从句,当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。 1 Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit _ is driving your family crazy. 2 the great Chinese sch

11、olar Confucius, _ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the _ (develop) of chopsticks,which / that,who,development,3填冠词,名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等)，很可能是填限定词。 1 .this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up. 2 while one is being bottle-fed, _ other is with mum

12、-she never suspects. 3 Using the Internet can be fun and _ convenient way of shopping and finding out new information, ,the,the,a,4根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等,固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。 1 He wanted to show his son how the poor lived so he could be thankful _ his wealth. 2 Chopsticks are not

13、used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.,for,with,根据构词法,1 The race gave a great deal of _ (please). 2 It was his ninth year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was full of _ (angry). 3 and viruses, so Im very careful not t

14、o give out my _ (person) information. 4 With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _ (speech).,pleasure,anger,personal,speechless,考点分布,考点设置特点分析,题目的形式是语篇,考查重点是语法,题目的定位是基础,（上下文的语境）,（对于语法基础知识的灵活运用）,冠词,词性转换,前缀和后缀,名词性从句、 定语从句、状语从句及强调句等特殊句型,（a/ an /the）,代词,人称代词、 物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词及it,转折、并列、递进,引导词,考 点,范 围,动词,1.谓语（时态,语态,主谓一致） 2.非谓语动词,并列连词/副词,（变形变态）,（上下文的逻辑关系）,不定冠词和定冠词,（变义变性