初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 第一课时.ppt

1、现在完成时,一.谓语动词的构成: have/ has + done (过去分词) (have/has为助动词) 当主语是第三人称单数时用has;为非第三人称单数 时用have. 过去分词(pp)其变化方法和动词过去式 的变法相同，分为规则与不规则变化。 I _these books. (已经听说过） They _ these books. He _the book Robinson Crusoe.,Unit 14 Have you packed yet?,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，或过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。,have heard of,have

2、heard of,has heard of,二、各种句式的构成： 肯定陈述句： 主语+have/has +pp+其它。 I have heard of these books. 2. 否定陈述句： 主语+ havent/hasnt +pp+其它. I havent heard of these books. 3. 一般疑问句、肯定回答与否定回答 Have/has +主语+动词的过去分词？ Yes, 主语+have/has ; No, 主语+havent/hasnt Have you heard of these books? Yes, I have; No, I havent 4. 特殊疑问句

3、：疑问词+一般疑问句？ What have you heard of these books?,三: 用法: 1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的),常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚),ever(曾经)、never, before, once

4、twice等词连用.,already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.,already与yet的用法 Already用于肯定句中 He has already finished his composition. (2) yet 用于否定句中，意思为“还，未”； 用于疑问句中，意思为“已经” Has he finished his composition yet? He hasnt finished his composition yet. (3) Not yet “还没有” 现在完成时态否定句的缩略回 答 Have you finished your compositio

5、n yet? Not yet.,现在完成时,2)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 oclock?,常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.,for+ 时间段 since +时间段+ago since+时间点 , since+ 句子,或与so far (到目前为止）；up to now到现在为止；in the past few ye

6、ars (在过去的几年里),用所给词的适当形式填空 Have you _(do) your homework yet? Yes, I _; No, I _. 2. He _(watch) the TV play twice. 3. Have they _(hear) of the book? 4. I _(not see) the film yet. 5. I _already _(see) the program. 6. _you _(read) Treasure Island yet. 7. He _(learn) 3,000 English words up to now. 8. _Ji

7、m _ (finish) his homework? -Not yet. 9. The famous writer _(write) a new book in the past two years. 10. We _ already _(meet) before.,done,have,havent,has watched,heard,havent seen,have,seen,Have,read,have learned,Have,finished,has written,have,met,二、句型转换 I have heard of the famous star. (一般疑问句） _yo

8、u _ of the famous star? Yes, I _; No I _. 2. She has written his novel. （改为一般疑问句） _he _ his novel? Yes, he _; No, he _. 3. I have already finished doing my homework. _you _ doing you homework_? I _ _ doing my homework _. (否定句） 4. Mike has already been ill for a long time. _ Mike _ill for a long time

9、 _? (一般） Mike _ _ ill for a long time _. (否定） 5. Jenny has learnt English for seven years. (画线提问） _ _ _ Jenny learnt English?,Have heard,have,havent,Has written,has hasnt,Have finished,yet,havent finished,yet,Has been yet,hasnt been yet,How long has,since: (自以来) 1)since+时间点 Hehasstayedheresince5oclo

10、ck. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 从句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (长达） for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Take notes,同义句的转换 一般过去时: （时间段+ago的过去时） He started to learn English six years ago. 2. 现在完成时+since引导的时间状语 如： He has learned English

11、 since six years ago. He has learned English since he was six. He has learned English since 2008. 3. 现在完成时+for 引导的时间状语。 He has learned English for six years. 4. It is +时间段+since +一般过去式句子 It is six years since he started to learn English.,Have/has gone to ;have/has been to ; have/has been in 的用法： hav

12、e/has gone to 去了某地（意味着还没有回来） Ex. He has gone to Beijing. 2. have/has been to 去过某地（意味着已经回来了） Ex. I have been to Beijing three times. 3. Have/ has been in 去某地并呆在某地多长时间 Ex. He has been in New York for five years.,短暂性动词与延续性动词的相互转换 （1）在由since与for 引导的时间时，主句现在完成 时中的谓语动词应用延续性的动词。如： His father died ten years

13、 ago. His father has been dead for ten years. His father has been dead since ten years ago. It is ten years since his father died. 常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词： die-be dead; buy-have ;borrow-keep ; open-be open close-be closed; leave-be away from ;come/go to-be in begin / start -be on marry/get marriedbe married join -be in / be a member of ;,短暂性动词与延续性动词的相互转换 （2）对于since与for 引导的时间划线部分提问时， 用How long或since when提问。如： His father died ten years ago. when did his father die? His father has been dead for ten years. How long has his father been dead? His father has been dead since ten years ago. How long has his fa