高中英语时态课件.ppt

1、语 法,你知道什么是语法吗？,例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning. 1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型) 这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。 例：I study English. 2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型) 这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。,8/2/2020,6种简单句,例：Our teacher taught us English. 3.“主语 + 谓语

2、 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型) 这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。 例： He asked her to go there. 4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型) 这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。,8/2/2020,例： I am a teacher. 5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型) 例：There is a bird in the tree. 6.“There

3、+ be + 主语+”(即“存在”句型),8/2/2020,I went to a beautiful park yesterday happily by bicycle. 9种句子成分：主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表，同位语,宾语从句,何为宾语从句,用来做宾语的句子,连词+主语+谓语+其他,1.及物动词/介词+句子 She hopes she can pass the exam. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 2.双宾动词之后，如tell Please tell me where she has gon

4、e. 3.形容词+句子。如afraid I am sure that I will pass the exam.,宾语从句的类型,1.Lily doesnt know _she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money. （2015年） A. that whose B. how who C. what who D. what whose,牛刀小试,2.Could you please tell me _ ?(北京卷) A how can I

5、make the machine work B how I can make the machine to work C how I can make the machine work D how can I make the machine to work,宾语从句,连 词 语 序 时 态,三大考点,He wont go swimming. I think.,I dont think .,that he will go swimming.,当宾语从句表示否定的意义、主句为第一人称、动词为think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 imagine 、 suppose时

6、，常将从句的否定移到主句上。,否定前移,七. if/when具有双重意义,1.I want to know if he _ (come) tomorrow.,If he _ (come). Please tell me.,2.Could you tell me when he_ (come)?,Please take him to school when he _ (come).,if ：引导宾语从句或条件状语从句； when：引导宾语从句或时间状语从句。 当if/when引导宾语从句，根据实际情况选用时态； 当if/when引导状语从句，应遵循“ ”原则。,will come,comes,w

7、ill come,comes,主将从现,宾语从句三要素,that（陈述句 ）,ifwhether（一般疑问句 ）,特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理 自然现象 公式定理 名言警句 时态不变,本课小结,8/2/2020,The use of tenses,8/2/2020,8/2/2020,高考考查趋势： 1.侧重基础，语境提示； 2.时态语态结合； 3.主谓一致结合； 4.贴近生活的題干内容，插入语等手段运用；,8/2/2020,一般时态基本形式,8/2/2020,Simple present tenses,Grammar

8、and usage of tenses,1 一般现在时的用法 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作 I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play,8/2/2020,D,1 一般现在时的用法 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts

9、of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served,8/2/2020,C,3）.表示现在的状态： e.g. Hes twelve . Shes at work 4）.表主语具备的性格和能力等： e.g. She likes noodles . They speak French.,8/2/2020,1 一般现在时的用法 5）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主语是物：车，船，飞机等

10、The train leaves at three this afternoon. 6）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. -Put these glasses away before they _. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken,8/2/2020,C,一般现在时的特殊用法,a. 用于新闻标题

11、或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉布什抵达莫斯 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket. 弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。 Now, look, I press the button and turn on the m

12、achine. 现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。 c. 表示告诫或劝说 You mind your own business. 你不要管闲事！,8/2/2020,Ive brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have -Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? -You can when you _ a bit more skilled. A. wil

13、l get B. are getting C. will have got D. get,8/2/2020,8/2/2020,.Columbus proved that the earth _ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken,B,A,(2012安徽高考)Walmart, which is one of the largest American

14、supermarket chains，_ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. Akeeps Bkeep Chave kept Dhad kept 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，部分店从星期一到星期六24小时营业。根据句中的“is”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为Walmart，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故选A。,8/2/2020,Can you tell me the timetable of the school bus? Well， the bus_here for

15、the campus at 7：00 A.m A. will leave B. left C. is leaving D. leaves 【答案解析】 D.考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。,8/2/2020,8/2/2020,一般过去时的用法,1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He was at home yesterday. I got up at six thirty yesterday morning. I visited my aunt last weekend.,2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 My father often w

16、ent to work by bus last year. When I was a child, I often listened to music. he always carried an umbrella. 3.表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 Excuse me.I didnt realize I was blocking your way,8/2/2020,常用时间,常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：,yesterday, the other day, just now last night (week, month, year) two days ago, a week ago,

17、three years ago in 1990, (in 1998) When I was 5 years ago,一般过去时的特殊用法 a. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态 Its time we went. 是我们该走的时候了。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being. 我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。 b. 在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。 I wondered if you could give me a

18、hand. 我想请你帮个忙。 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你，好吗？,8/2/2020,1 一般过去时的用法 表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。 1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been 2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But

19、she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known 3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave,8/2/2020,I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily

20、， my roommate woke me up in time ! A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep C 根据woke(wake 的过去式)可以判断，这里谈论的与“现在”无关，因此可以排除B和D两项。I是在读书期间睡着的(while reading)，而不是在之前睡着的，所以A项也是不恰当的。,8/2/2020,All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor， her nervousness _. A

21、. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown C grow与as从句里的wait同时发生。 题干前半句为时间状语，提供了极为重要的时间线索：All morning as she waited，表示了过去的一段延续时间，本空之中动词所表示的行为(her nervousness “grow”)与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。,8/2/2020,1(2012北京高考) Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed. Ahad developedBwas developing Cwoul

22、d develop Ddeveloped 解析：考查时态。句意：在随后的几周里，我们的友谊迅速发展。根据本句的时间状语over the weeks that followed可知，这里叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。 答案：D,8/2/2020,(2012重庆高考)Kevin, you look worried.Anything wrong? Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result. Awill take Btook Chad taken Dtake 解析：考查动词时态。根据“Im waiting for the result”可

23、知，Kevin已经参加过考试了，是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故选B项。,8/2/2020, You havent said a word about my new coat， Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry， I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say D 从对话题干所设语境看，此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的事(you havent said a word)此对

24、话中，Brenda 为自己没能对朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意;sooner(=at an earlier time)作为附加状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。,8/2/2020,My mind wasnt on what he was saying， so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed D 句意：(当时)我并没有注意他说的话，所以(现在)我觉得他讲的话一半我没有听到。题干句中透圳出时间信息的三个地方：wasnt ，was saying和Im afraid是做出选择的重

25、要依据。,8/2/2020,8/2/2020,Grammar and usage of tenses Simple future tenses,The Simple Future Tense 一般将来时态,1. will / shall + 动词原形 2.be going to+动词原形 3.be+to do 表示计划,责任,约定或命令 4. be about to do sth 表示正要做,马上要做. (不能与表示将来时间的状语连用) 5.be+v-ing 6.一般现在时表将来,8/2/2020,1.will与shallv 1)表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要,会”常用的时间状语有：this

26、evening, tomorrow, next week, in a few minutes, at the end of this term等。 She will go to the park tomorrow. 2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。 Tom will be 18 next year. Spring will come again. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 3) will+v 有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。 - My car wont start. -Dont worry, I will come and give it a push.,8/2

27、/2020,祈使句+ and/or+将来时（will）,努力工作否则你就会失败。 Work hard or you will fail. 努力工作你就会成功。 Work hard and you will succeed.,8/2/2020,Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached A 句意：请不要偏离话题，不然的话，我们就不会取胜得决定。祈使句与and 或or 连用是常见的说法，又如：Turn l

28、eft and you will find the bookstore.向左转，你就会找到那个书店里。Listen to me or you will never succeed.听我的话，否则，你不会成功的。,8/2/2020,8/2/2020,2、be going to 表示计划，安排要做的事 表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。 - What _do this evening? - I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain.,is going to,are you going to,

29、3.be to do 表按计划或安排即将发生的动作 表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。 官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播） He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow. You are not to be back late. If not watered, the plants are to die. The president is to speak on TV tonight.,8/2/2020,计划，安排,责任，命令,注定要发生的动作,官方计划或决定,be to和be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求

30、即将发生的动作。 be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,8/2/2020,4.be about to do 表示正要做,马上要做. (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) was /were about to do when 正要突然发生 英语晚会即将开始。 The English Evening Party is about to begin. 我正要出去,这时下起了雨. I was about to go out when it began to rain.,8/2/2020,5.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。 我们明天动身去青岛. Were leaving for Qingdao.,8/2/2020,特别注意,一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。 T