A-Rose-for-Emily课件-2015.ppt

1、A Rose For Emily,The meaning of the title：what does a rose symbolize?,A rose symbolizing love and a pledge of faithfulness. A rose for somebody can also mean a kind of memorial, an offering, in memory of somebody. A bizarre story of love, death, honor, pride, change and loss. Emily was denied love,

2、the title has an ironic meaning.,A Rose for Emily,William Faulkner William Faulkners life: the most important fact is that he was born and bred in the American South and lived there almost all his life.,About the author,His Main Writings,His major novels : The Sound and the Fury(1929) As I Lay Dying

3、(1930) Sanctuary(1931) Light in August(1932) Absalom , Absalom !(1936) The Hamlet(1940) His books of short stories: These Thirteen (1931) Go down, Moses(1942) The Collected Stories of William Fanlkner(1950),William Faulkner,Because the setting of most of his works is the American South, Faulkner is

4、regarded as a regional writer. Faulkner deals with some of the major universal themes in literature so profoundly that he is read and recognized nationally and internationally.,A Rose for Emily,Writing techniques Faulkner is among the greatest experimentalists of the 20th century novel. His effectiv

5、e use of the stream of consciousness, multiple points of view, symbolism and imaginary, place him among the rank of the greatest modern writers along with James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. In 1949 Faulkner received the Nobel Prize for literature.,William Faulkner,. Each story and each novel contribute

6、s to the construction of a whole, which is the imaginary Yoknapatawpha County and its inhabitants.,Their theme is the decay of the old South, as represented by the Sartoris and Compson families, and the emergence of ruthless and brash newcomers, the Snopeses.,Theme and technique - the distortion of

7、time through the use of the inner monologue are fused particularly successfully in The Sound and the Fury (1929), the downfall of the Compson family seen through the minds of several characters. William Faulkner died on July 6, 1962.,William Faulkner,A Rose for Emily,Although it is one of his most f

8、requently anthologized short stories and is widely used in the American classroom, Chinese students may find it difficult to understand and appreciate. Some of them may think it is a bizarre story about an old eccentric lady in an American Southern town. Its true that the setting of the story is the

9、 American South.,Yet, the theme of the story is universal, transcending the boundaries of time and space. Like many other works of great literature, this short story tells about love, death, honor, pride, change, and loss.,In A Rose for Emily we can see how the author tells a good story skillfully,

10、how he creates an atmosphere needed for the storytelling, how he keeps the suspense and unfolds the conflict bit by bit and how he digs deep into the social world of his character. This story is a rich and modern 20th century literary text.,By exploiting those tricks“ Faulkner hopes to invite us rea

11、ders to participate in the process of seeking the truths of the inner life of the townspeople as they cope with Miss Emily. Once we do, we will surely enjoy reading the story. Its like working at a puzzle :when we start to figure it out, it will become more and more interesting.,The 1949 Nobel Prize

12、 presentation speech calls Faulkner the unrivalled master of all living British and American novelists“ .He is regarded as a deep psychologist .The short story A Rose for Emily lives up to that high praise.,William Faulkner,A Rose for Emily,Implicit Chronology (approximate) The narration of A Rose f

13、or Emily does not follow a normal chronological order. Instead, it shifts in time frequently and gives out bits of information about the main character, Miss Emily, in such a way that the reader has to piece them together by himself. The following implicit chronology has been worked out on the basis

14、 of the information from the text.,Ca circa .1855: Miss Emily is born to the richest family of slave-owners in town. 1861-1865: the American Civil War, Confederate troops from here commanded by Col. Sartoris. 1870:Mr.Grierson, Miss Emilys Father, has the family house built in Gothic revival style ca

15、.1886:Mr.Grierson dies; Miss Emilys inheritance is only the house; she is over 30. ca.1887:Homer Barron, Northern construction foreman, arrives; he and Miss Emily start courting. ca.1888:Homer Barron is seen no more; the smell in the house is noticed. 1894: Young Colonel dies. ca.1919:Young Colonel

16、dies. ca.1927-1928: The tax delegation visits Miss Emily. ca.1929-1930: Miss Emily dies at the age of 74.,William Faulkner,A Rose for Emily,What is the meaning of the title A Rose for Emily? The meaning of the title is ambiguous, capable of various interpretations. A rose is a clich , symbolizing lo

17、ve and a pledge of faithfulness. From the story, we can see Miss Emily was denied love. So, in this sense, the title has an ironic meaning. A rose for somebody can also mean a kind of memorial, an offering, in memory of somebody. Then, who offered a rose for Emily? Faulkner intentionally leaves the

18、answer for the readers to find. But different readers may come up with different answers. Ambiguity is one of the characteristics of this story. Students should be encouraged to give their own interpretations and give answers to questions that may come up during their reading and class discussion.,W

19、ho tells the story ? That is not a very important question for 18th century fiction or even 19th century fiction because stories written then are usually told by a person who knows everything at any moment. It is called the omniscient (all-knowing) narrator. Modern writers of the 20th century like t

20、o experiment with different narrative voices. In A Rose for Emily he chooses we, the people of the town, as the collective narrator. The first sentence of the story says, When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to the funeral.In the following parts we frequently appear as the narrator.,Wi

21、lliam Faulkner,A Rose for Emily,We are the ordinary people of the town, representing the gossip of the town. They are, most of the time, not participants but observers of the events. They are rather detached from Miss Emily and therefore different from the ladies“ or older people mentioned in paragr

22、aph31 who are more socially involved with Miss Emily and thus tending to be more judgmental.,why does the author choose this collective narrator?,The townspeople are mainly interested in keeping track of the events and sharing the information with people coming from outside the town. Yet, as people

23、living in a small town in the South, they have their own values and attitudes. On the whole we“ should be regarded as a reliable narrator. However, we are unable to tell the story in a straightforward and systematic manner.,As non-participants of the major events, this collective narrator does not k

24、now everything, and thus the narrative point of view is limited. For instance none of us have been inside Miss Emilys house until her death. so inevitably there are gaps in the narration that are bound to cause confusion on the part of the reader or the listener of the story. That leaves a lot of ro

25、om for reader participation. As readers, we have to fill in the gaps and piece the scattered hits of information together by ourselves. This is the burden the author places on us readers, and at the same time, it is part of the fun of reading such a story.,Setting, time and major characters,Setting

26、： The town of Jefferson - the county seat of Yoknapatawpha Time ： no clear time clues, using flashback. Major characters ： Emily, her father and her lover Homer, the people of the town Minor characters ： Colonel Sartoris, Judge Stevens,Key points of the text,1. The theme (themes) of the story (diffe

27、rent interpretations) 2. The conflicts in the story (Emily and the community of town, Homer, her father, the old and the new, the past and the present, the South and North) 3.Five different images of Emily reflecting her changes in the story,Key words of the text,I. Encroach, august, an eyesore amon

28、g eyesores, father, edict, to the effect that, dispensation, plumpness, obesity II. Horse and foot, temerity, diffident, deprecation, tableau, slender and slim III. Imperviousness (impervious) IV. Thwart V. acrid, monogram, attitude, grimace, biding,“A Rose for Emily”,The jumbled chronology is struc

29、tured like a gossip story. Each section is designed for the reader to make a judgment of Emily,Section I,People talk about how Emily hasnt paid her taxes She has been sheltered her whole life by her dad Colonel Sartoris (mayor) knew he wouldnt get taxes from her (Southern pride) He creates a story w

30、hy she doesnt pay She believes the story and buys into it,Section II,A strange smell emits from Emilys house Men have to sneak around her house to spread lime to cover smell Does she see them? Is she all “together?”,Section III,The first appearance of Homer Barron Townspeople react-women gossiping E

31、mily is seen buying arsenic Faulkner forces us to make a judgment at this point Should we feel sorry for her? Is she senile? Scandalous? Does she buy the arsenic before or after Homers visit?,Section IV,Emilys cousins arrive to prepare her for marriage Emily buys mens clothing and toiletries This is

32、 the last time anyone sees Homer Another judgment is forced upon the reader Emily dies,Section V,Back to present time Emily is dead The townspeople open her bedroom door that has been shut for over 30 years Their discovery creates shudders of horror and disgust The final judgment/response from the r

33、eader is laid out,The first section opens with a description of the Grierson house in Jefferson. The narrator mentions that over the years, Miss Emily Griersons home has fallen into disrepair and become an eyesore among eyesores. The first sentence of the story sets the tone of how the citizens of J

34、efferson felt about Emily:,Part I,Para.1: who is telling the story? “We” are telling stories about Emily, the people of the town, as the collective narrator or multi-narrative voices. Why does the author choose this collective narrator?,Narrator,18th 19th century : omniscient mnint a person who know

35、s everything at any moment 20th century ; different narrative voices,埃米莉. 格里尔森小姐去世时, 全镇的人都去送葬了. 男人们去是出于一种尊敬, 因为一个纪念碑到下了.女人们则是出于好奇, 想看看埃米莉小姐的 房子里面到底是什么样子的, 因为除了一个作花匠兼厨师的老男仆之外, 起码有10年没别人踏进过她家的大门了.,What is the function of Paragraph 2?,This paragraph provides details about the setting of the storythe pl

36、ace being the Southern town of Jefferson and the time being after the South lost in the American Civil War. From the descriptions of the appearance of Miss Emilys house we learn something about her family and her character, and from the visible changes on the streets over the years we get to know so

37、mething about the historical and social changes that were taking place then.,Para. 2 What conflict is reflected?,This paragraph provides details about the setting of the story. The detailed description of the house reveals the identity of the Griersons as one of the richest families in the town. Con

38、flict between new things and old things,The street used to house only the best families. Then great changes took place; garage and cotton gins were established on the street and their existence wiped out the aristocratic traces I that neighbored. While the whole street was becoming modern and commer

39、cial, only Emilys house remained the same.,Lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay,personification To show that house and its owner share the same character.,Cedar-bemused: transferred epithet.,不过， 现在埃米莉小姐也加入了那些名门望族代表的行列中了。 他们在令人沉思的雪松陪伴下长眠于公墓， 他们的墓碑周围埋葬着一排排南北战争中在杰斐逊战场上阵亡的南方和北方的无名军人。 cedar-bemused:

40、 transferred epithet,Para.3 What can we infer from Colonel Sartoris edict?,To treat white upper class women and Negro women differently.,To father: to bring into being; to found Edict: an official public order issued by authority. Dispensation: special permission from someone in authority to do sth.

41、 that is not usually allowed. 特许 V. dispense: to give sth. to people. esp. in fixed amounts. 分发,分配 E.g. Villagers dispensed tea to people involved in the accident.,Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the .,Miss Emily represented the aristocracy o

42、f the Old South that had lost out in the Civil War. She was old, unmarried, and without family. They felt that taking care of her was their duty and obligation. And this obligation passed from generation to generation as long as she lived.,埃米莉在世时， 一直是传统的化身， 履行责任和给于关照的对象， 这是全镇人沿袭下来的一种义务。,Para 4.What

43、conflict is reflected?,The new generation and older generation, the present and the past Miss Emily ignored the tax notice and the formal letter from the aldermen. She only replied to the letter by the mayor. She was arrogant and held herself too high to deal with ordinary people.,Para 6What is the

44、image of Emily? (Image 1),Small, fat, spare, plumpness, looked bloated like a body, pallid hue, eyes looked like coal pressed into a lump of dough. Miss Emilys watch is a symbol of time. By making her watch invisible, she tried to ignore the passage of time as well as any changes brought about by th

45、e passage of time. Tarnish means the loss of the splendor of family,Plumpness and obesity,Plumpness: being full and round in form . Adj. plump the babys plump arms Obesity: being very fat, unhealthily fat . adj. Obese E.g. The boy is too obese to take part in sports.,Watch,Symbol: time But not look

46、at the watch Ignore the passage of time as well as any changes brought about by the passage of time.,What can we infer from Para.7-14 about Emily?,She is too stubborn and arrogant to acknowledge changes. Para.6: state ones errand Para.7: Come to a stumbling halt Para.8: gain access to ,Section II,A

47、strange smell emits from Emilys house Men have to sneak around her house to spread lime to cover smell Does she see them? Is she all “together?”,Para 24: What is Emilys image? (image 2),“her upright torso motionless as that an idol” image 2 this is one of the vivid images of Emily the author creates

48、 in the story. Why does the author portrays her in such a way? The fact that she was motionless suited her rigid and stubborn personality.,Para. 25Why had her great-aunt gone crazy?,Held themselves too high, a blind and excessive self-importance. tableau: a striking scene or picture, frozen in time

49、for dramatic effect. Back-flung: 向后开的 Vindicate: to prove to be true. Insanity in the family,Can you tell the conflict between Emily and her father in Para.25? (Image 3),Father: a dominant patriarchal figure with power, authority and manipulation Emily: a vulnerable and pure figure with obedience to

50、 her father and without freedom to court with suitors.,父亲死后，传说留给她的全部财产就是那座房子；人们倒也有点感到高兴。到头来，他们可以对爱米丽表示怜悯之情了。单身独处，贫苦无告，她变得懂人情了。如今她也体会到多一便士就激动喜悦、少一便士便痛苦失望的那种人皆有之的心情了。,Para.28: Can you bring out the implied meaning in this paragraph?,“she would have to cling to that which had robbed her” What robbed he

51、r of her love, marriage and freedom was not only her father as an individual, but the traditional social force he represented. She would cling to these conservative values. She was restricted by her father for so long that she held onto conventional ideas despite of herself.,Section III,The first ap

52、pearance of Homer Barron Townspeople react-women gossiping Emily is seen buying arsenic Faulkner forces us to make a judgment at this point Should we feel sorry for her? Is she senile? Scandalous? Does she buy the arsenic before or after Homers visit?,1. What changes happened to Emilys image after h

53、er fathers death? (image 4) Having her hair cut short,indicates her determination to change her role as an upper-class lady with conservative values, to live a liberated life, to be an independent and stronger woman. This quality of hers can be seen in her courting with Homer Barron, a Yankee forema

54、n, despite traditional social prejudice,Yankee,Carpetbagger 美国内战后利用南方不定局势谋利的人 North: winner South: loser many northerners after the war came to South in the hope of making money.,The term Yankee (sometimes shortened to Yank) The meaning of Yankee has varied over time. In the 18th century, it referre

55、d to residents of New England descended from the original English settlers of the region. Northerners (Civil war) Outside the United States, Yankee is slang for anyone from the United States. The truncated form Yank is especially popular among Britons, and may sometimes be considered offensive or di

56、sapproving.,But there were still,But there were still others, older people, who said that no matter how sad Miss Emily was, she should not forget she had certain obligation as a member of the nobility, though a real lady would not describe her self-restraint the expression noblesse oblige.,What does

57、 this sentence imply?,It should be unthinkable for Emily as part of the local “ nobility to consider marrying a man so far beneath her.,礼拜天的下午， 当拉车的马踏着轻快的步子哒哒驶过时， 女人们站在遮阳的百叶窗后窥视， 她们的绸缎长裙沙沙作响， 人们交头接耳：“可怜的埃米莉。”,Impervious (ness),(1) not affected or influenced by something and seeming not to notice it.

58、 不受影响的，无动于衷的。 E.g. Janet carried on reading, impervious to the row going on around her. He is impervious to our requests for help. He was hard, seemingly impervious to harm. Be impervious to outside influences (2) Not allowing anything to enter or pass through. 不能进入的，不能穿透的。 Impervious volcanic rock.

59、,Para.34 -42(Emilys image 5),What do you think her image indicates when she bought arsenic? Haughty black eyes (Para.34) She was compared to a lonely lighthouse keeper extreme loneliness and solitude. A strained flag (Para.41),埃米莉就那样瞪着他， 她的头向后仰， 以便能与他对视， 一直看得他转移了目光， 走进去取了砒霜并包好。,Section IV,Emilys cousins arrive to prepare her for marriage Emily buys mens clothing and toiletries This is the last time anyone sees Homer Another judgment is forced upon the reader Emily dies,Why it would be the best thing to kill herself?,Para 44. He would never divulge ,He would never disclose wha