高三语法 非谓语复习.ppt

1、doing 动名词 gerund,to do 不定式 infinitive,doing/done 分词 participle,高三语法复习3：非谓语动词,Non-finites,The significance of Non-finites,1.单项填空的需要。 2009年北京高考卷 第24、28、34题。,24. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow,答案为： A,28. All of the

2、m try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present 34. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten,答案为： 28.D 34.B,2.

3、阅读理解的需要。 2009北京卷 阅读ECamping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weathers, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite(野营地）seems to go against this, ,看阅读5+3 P218,3.书面表达的需要。 2009北京卷 书面表达 一.情景作文 （参考答案）,.In the morning, we bicycled to the suburb

4、s to plant trees, talking and laughing all the time. .After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees. Before leaving we took some photos to record our green action. Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. We feel its our duty to protect and

5、 beautify our environment.,GREEN ACTION IN OUR CLASS,非谓语动词答题技巧,一、看缺谓语还是非谓语 二、看主被动关系 三、看时间关系,辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 is writing written have written wrote to have been written write have been written to write have been writing writes having written is written being written writing,辨别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 is writing wr

6、itten have written wrote to have been written write have been written to write have been writing writes having written is written being written writing,辨别缺少谓语动词还是非谓语动词 He had his leg _(break) while _ (play) football. 2. _(not do) such difficult work before, he felt it was terribly hard for him. 3. T

7、he students, _(work) hard the whole term, want to relax themselves during the summer holidays. 4.The young man, _(believe) to be the son of the detective _(bite) by a snake and died.,非谓语作状语 过去分词 done -时间、原因、伴随、条件等 现在分词doing-时间、原因、伴随 不定式to do-目的、结果,非谓语作状语的形式,to do only to do / never to do doing 主动、同时

8、 having done 主动、先于谓语发生 done 被动 being done 被动、 同时 having been done 被动、先于谓语发生,用所给动词的正确形式填空(doing/done/to do) 1._(knock) down by a car, she had to stay in bed for some time. 2. _ (no receive) any news from home for so long, she got more and more homesick.,3._ (cross) the street, she was knocked down by

9、 a motorbike. 4._(heat), water will turn into vapor.,Knocked,Not having received,Crossing,Heated,5.One woman was lying in bed, awake, _ (listen) to the rushing winds. 6.The teacher came into the classroom, _(follow) by some students.,7. _ (catch) the first bus, he got up very early. 8.He went back o

10、nly _(find) his house broken into.,listening,followed,To catch,to find,非谓语作定语 现在分词doing- 过去分词done- 不 定 式to do-,进行,完成,将来,主动,被动,不定式做定语,1.不定式做定语，表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. 2. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级等限定的中心词。 He was the best man to do the job. He was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Oly

11、mpic Games.,3.被修饰的词为抽象名词时，用不定式。常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, belief, way Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing.,现在/过去分词做定语,doing 主动 being done 被动、进行 （正在被做） done 被动、完成,1. I have never seen a more moving movie. 2. Listen! The song being sung is ve

12、ry popular with the students. 3. Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 比较：The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,The house _(build) now will be used as our classroom building. The house _ (build) next month will be used as our classroom building. The house _

13、(build) last year will be used as our classroom building.,being built,to be built,built,不定式用法及功能,主动 被动 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done,不定式 to do,否定形式 复合结构 not to do for sb to do,To learn chemistry well isnt easy. (= ) How to solve the problem is very important. Our work i

14、s to clean the windows. My question is when to start.,注意： 1. 谓语用单数形式 2. 用 it 做形式主语,主语、表语,It isnt easy to learn chemistry well.),We intend to have a picnic on Sunday. I find it interesting to work with him. I dont know how to work it out. Our teacher encourages us to read more. Ill show you how to fi

15、nd the museum.,句型：1. 动词 + to do/how to do 2. 动词 + sb. to do/ sb. how to do 3. 动词 + it +形容词 + to do,宾语、宾补,某些V+to do作宾语,决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help,I have a lot of w

16、ork to do. (do a lot of work; I do work) He had no room to live in. (live in room) The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops. (=ways of protecting) He is the first to come every day.,定 语,We eat to live. We dont live to eat. People shake their heads in order to show disagreement. He works ha

17、rd so as to catch up with the others in his class. He works so hard as to catch up with the others in his class. We were very excited to hear the news. He woke up only to find everybody gone.,in order to do 目的 so as to do 目的 soas to do 结果 only to do （未预料到的）结果,状 语,找出不定式短语并判断做什么成分,They dont like to be

18、 too close to one another. They will move back to keep a certain distance away. Would you like me to do something for you?,Have you got anything to say? It is a pleasure to meet you. Waving ones hand is to say “Goodbye”. I dont know how to communicate with foreigners.,不定式主动表被动,Would you like to join

19、 us in the party? -Id like to, but I have a lot of things _. A. to be done B. to have done C. to do D. being done 2. At present, English is the main subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught C. to teach D. teaching,I,English,1. 不定式与被修饰名词形成动宾关系，同时与句子主语形成主谓关系时，不定式用主动形式表被动。,2. 不定式与被修饰名词虽然形成动宾关系，但

20、与句子主语并非主谓关系时，用被动形式。,3、不定式与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上主谓关系 Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon? 4、由于表语形容词后，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系 This book is difficult to understand. This kind of fish is nice to eat.,knife,difficult,nice,Would you like to join us in the party? -Id like to, but I have a lot of things to do. 2. Do y

21、ou have a knife to cut the watermelon? 3. This book is difficult to understand.,Read aloud,非谓语重点、难点,非谓语作定 语 非谓语作补 语 非谓语作状 语,动词-ing和不定式to do习惯用法,非谓语作定语 现在分词doing- 过去分词done- 不 定 式to do-,进行,完成,将来,主动,被动,The house _(build) now will be used as our classroom building. The house _ (build) next month will be

22、 used as our classroom building. The house _(build) last year will be used as our classroom building.,being built,to be built,built,非谓语作补语 主动？被动？,I heard him singing a song in the next room. I heard him sing a song just now. I heard a song sung by him in English.,注意：1 判断非谓语动词与宾语的 主被动关系 2 判断时间关系,Do y

23、ou like the room _ now? A. cleaning B. to be cleaned C. cleaned D. being cleaned 2. He had his leg _ while playing football. A. breaking B. to break C. broken D. be broken,being cleaned,broken,动词-ing和不定式to do习惯用法,非谓语重点、难点,一、不定式to do -作宾语,1、常见的及物动词： wish, hope, intend, desire, expect ask, refuse, agr

24、ee, promise, plan ;decide; afford; offer, manage, pretend, fail; happen to do （碰巧做某事）,某些V+to do作宾语,决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish/desire; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help,二、动词-ing -宾语,以下动词直接动名词作宾语 pra

25、ctice, keep, imagine, mind dislike, enjoy, appreciate escape, avoid, miss, delay, admit finish, risk, resist, suggest，excuse permit, allow, forbid, advise ,consider,V-ing 作宾语； to do 作宾补,动词-ing -宾语,1、以下词组后 cant help ,cant stand, be busy, feel like be used to, look forward to, devote to, stick to, obj

26、ect to, get down to, give up, go on, keep on, insist on, put off; thank .for；prevent from; stopfrom have difficulty/trouble in have a wonderful /hard time in,动词-ing -宾语,2. 动词need, require, want，be worth 作“需要”解时，其后用动名词的主动性式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。 need, require, want 还可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。 物+need/require/want + doing=t

27、o be done need, require, want sb. to do sth. be worth +表示钱数/相当于钱数的名词 be worth doing sth./n. be worthy of sth. be worthy of being done = to be done,窗户该擦了. The window needs (requires/ wants )cleaning= to be cleaned. 这个地方值得参观. The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of being visited. The place

28、 is worthy to be visited.,只能用V-ing作宾语的动词口诀：,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon admit, delay/put off, fancy (设想；猜测). avoid, miss keep/keep on, practice deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate forbid, imagine, risk cant help, mind, allow/

29、permit, escape,5+3P61,动词不定式to do,1. 一些固定的句型 had better do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth. prefer to do rather than do sth. prefer doing to doing Why not do sth？/ Why do sth? What/how about doing sth?,不定式=作宾语,2. to 的省略 当but之前有do的某种形式； We could do nothing but wait. We had nothing to do but wait

30、. cant choose but do; cant help but do We couldnt choose but stand him. We cant help but tell him the truth. We have no choice but to wait.,不定式的省略，单独保留to,1. 动词：tell，ask， advise， wish， permit， force，expect, forget, refuse, intend, like, mean, seem, try, want, hope, love, be afraid后的动词不定式可省，但留to I ask

31、ed him to see the film, but he didnt want to. 2. 形容词：不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing，pleased的词后可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to。 - Will you join in the game? - Id be glad to.,不定式的省略,注意： 1）其否定形式的省略式not to. - shall I go instead of him? - I prefer not to. 2）如果不定式中含有“be, have done, have been”, 则通常保留be, have, have be

32、en -Are you a sailor? - No, but I used to be. -He hasnt finished yet. -Well, he ought to have. -The work hasnt been finished yet. - well, it ought to have been.,You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _ , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. to do B. to C. doing D. doing

33、to,B. to,疑问词+to do,who, which ,when , where, how, what +不定式 to do 还不知道何时举行会议。 When to hold the meeting is not known yet. 我不知道做什么。 I dont know what to do. 我的问题是到哪儿找这么多书。 My question was where to get so many books.,特殊情况,独立成份: 有些短语，不受上下文影响，叫做独立成份，常见的有 Generally speaking, Frankly speaking, Judging from Considering (taking ever