现在分词(专升本).ppt

1、现在分词的用法,I 现在分词作表语 （表明主语的性质特征，与主语不能互换）,The speech is interesting. The argument is convincing. 比较：动名词做表语(解释主语的内容) Our duty is serving the students. The most important thing is getting there on time. What they hate most is being laughed at in public.,II 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的行为，与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换为定语

2、从句。,laughing audiences the rising/setting sun sleeping child a barking dog falling leaves the following/coming week crossing-dress man developing country boiling water a promising young man a hard-working man surprising news,比较：现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别,a sleeping room a room used for sleeping) / a sleeping

3、 child (= a child who is sleeping) a walking stick (a stick used for walking) / a walking man (=a man who is walking) swimming pool (a pool used for swimming) / swimming girl (=a girl who is swimming),现在分词短语修饰名词，放在它所修饰的名词后面,The teacher teaching us Chinese is Mr. Zhang. The people sitting behind us a

4、re Americans. The expert coming from America is a lady called Ablert. The two comedians performing on the stage are from Liaoning Province. The man standing near the car is an artist. The old lady talking to the children is famous musician. The old man looking for his books is my grandpa.,比较：现在分词与过去

5、分词作定语,developing country / developed country boiling water / boiled water falling leaves / fallen leaves rising sun / risen sun,现在分词在时间上表示正在进行 而过去分词表示动作已完成,比较：现在分词与过去分词作定语,the ruling class / the ruled class the exploiting class / the exploited class We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditio

6、ns. The concert given by their friends was a success. The building built last year is our library.,现在分词在语态上表示主动 而过去分词表被动,III 现在分词作宾语补足语（表示正在进行的、主动性的动作，强调一个过程或者一种状态，通常用于感官动词和使役动词后）,六让：make、let、have、keep、leave、get 三看：watch、see、look at 两听： hear、listen to 一闻一观察一发现：smell、observe、find 注意感觉：notice、feel （se

7、t、catch）,I feel my heart beating violently. I noticed a man running out of the bank. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. The baby watched his dad waving his face with great interest. The man left us standing alone, unable to find any help. This story set me thinking. The teacher caught him ch

8、eating in the exam. When I came in , I saw Mr. Li examining an patient. I smell something burning in the kitchen. A cook will be immediately fined if he is found smoking in the kitchen.,The teacher caught him cheating in the exam. He was caught cheating in the exam. You should not keep the students

9、doing homework all the time. The students should not be kept doing homework all the time.,IV 现在分词做状语现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称和时态的一致,A. 分词作状语，表时间 Hearing the news, they couldnt help crying. Seeing the pictures, she remembered her childhood.（同时发生或紧接着发生。） Having

10、 made full preparations, were ready for the examinations. Having inspected the bones, the experts made a conclusion.,B. 分词作状语，表结果 The bus was held up by the storm, causing the delay. His parents died, leaving him a lot of money. The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. Amy fell off

11、the bike, breaking her leg. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.,C. 分词作状语，表伴随（方式） I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. The man sat under the tree

12、, reading a book. Singing a pop song in a low voice, the girl came into the yard. “Cant you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. No one was ever bored watching him.,D. 分词作状语，表原因 Knowing she likes reading, I sent her a book. Not knowing her address

13、, I called her. Having realized that lighting and electricity are the same, Franklin did an experiment. Having eaten too much, he couldnt go to sleep Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. Having been praised, she was happy all the day. Being so angry, he could not go to

14、sleep.,E. 独立主格结构,非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。其结构为： “名词+ doing / done / to do / adj. / prep. /adv.” The night falling, they started for home. The last bus having gone, they had to walk home. There being no enough time left, we have to leave.,F.评注性状语,有些非谓语动词不需要逻辑主语，自身也不带主语，通常表示说话人的态度和观点，